2003 Vol. 16, No. 4
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2003, 16(4): 377-385.
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Abstract:
The variations of physical,chemical properties and biological characteristics of soil in Chinese fir Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation with different cultural rotations (from one to three) and development stages are studied and analyzed.It is showed that with the increase of rotation,the soik physical properties deteriorate,the pH value decreases and the nutrient content becomes poorer,especially the contents of available P and hydrolytic N.The microorganism quantity and soil enzyme activity change to toward the declination of biological activity.In different development stages,the soil fertility differs.In the stage from young plantation to middle aged plantation,the soil fertiliity decrease while it will increase in the mature stage.But the soil fertility can not be recovered thoroughly.Under present culture system,the successive culture of C.lanceolata plantation will result in the declination of soil complex function,which is an important reason why C.lanceolata plantation can not keep high productivity for a long term.
The variations of physical,chemical properties and biological characteristics of soil in Chinese fir Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation with different cultural rotations (from one to three) and development stages are studied and analyzed.It is showed that with the increase of rotation,the soik physical properties deteriorate,the pH value decreases and the nutrient content becomes poorer,especially the contents of available P and hydrolytic N.The microorganism quantity and soil enzyme activity change to toward the declination of biological activity.In different development stages,the soil fertility differs.In the stage from young plantation to middle aged plantation,the soil fertiliity decrease while it will increase in the mature stage.But the soil fertility can not be recovered thoroughly.Under present culture system,the successive culture of C.lanceolata plantation will result in the declination of soil complex function,which is an important reason why C.lanceolata plantation can not keep high productivity for a long term.
2003, 16(4): 386-390.
Abstract:
The parthenogenesis phenomenon of Ericerus pela was reported first time. Ericerus pela could make parthenogenesis when the males were wiped off. The research results showed that the biological characters of two generations of the parthenogenesis population were very similar to those of the natural gamogenesis population.Comparing the parthenogenesis with the natural gamogenesis populations, the egg number of parthenogenesis population was lower and the sex ratio was same, while the mortality of the first generation of the parthenogenesis population was lower and the mortality of the second generation was similar to that of the natural gamogenesis population. The quantity of excreting white wax of the first generation of the parthenogenesis population was similar while the second generation was lower than that of the natural gamogenesis population.
The parthenogenesis phenomenon of Ericerus pela was reported first time. Ericerus pela could make parthenogenesis when the males were wiped off. The research results showed that the biological characters of two generations of the parthenogenesis population were very similar to those of the natural gamogenesis population.Comparing the parthenogenesis with the natural gamogenesis populations, the egg number of parthenogenesis population was lower and the sex ratio was same, while the mortality of the first generation of the parthenogenesis population was lower and the mortality of the second generation was similar to that of the natural gamogenesis population. The quantity of excreting white wax of the first generation of the parthenogenesis population was similar while the second generation was lower than that of the natural gamogenesis population.
2003, 16(4): 391-397.
Abstract:
In order to probe the endangered mechanism of Tetraena mongolica, the pollination ecology of this plant species was studied in the Hang Jiqi Prefecture of Inner Mongolia of China. The results were as follows. The flower morphology was changed with the characteristic of sepals 4～5, petals 4～5, stamens 8～10 and carpel 4～5. Its florescence was from May to the beginning of June with blossoming time of one flower 4～5 days and that of whole tree 8～15 days. The flowers were blooming in the morning and sepal and petal half-open in the afternoon. Before flowering, the filament and style of flowers elongate and the stigma was 2～3 mm higher than the anther. In the time of blooming, the filament was nearly as high as the style, the 4～5 anthers inner stamen crack back, and the secretion was seen in the stigma of the pistil. 4～5 anthers outer stamen crack back one day lately at least. When the flowers wither, all anthers crack back and disperse, and the sepal and petal full close and fall down several days later. The pollen media of Tetraena mongolica Maxim was insects (bees and ants) and the pollination efficiency was low. 50% of stigmas have no pollen, 20% have 1～2 pollens, and only 30% have many pollens. Many pollen tubes were only seen in 25% of stigmas under fluorescentmicroscope. The transformation rate of flowering to fruiting changed from 57.36% to 68.76% and the rate of seed bearing was from 1.26% to 2.80%. Transition rate from flower to fruit was high in the community with worse habitat condition, which was the reproductive strategy of Tetraena mongolica to adapt itself to the hard environment and low fructification rate came from the obstacle in the process of pollination.
In order to probe the endangered mechanism of Tetraena mongolica, the pollination ecology of this plant species was studied in the Hang Jiqi Prefecture of Inner Mongolia of China. The results were as follows. The flower morphology was changed with the characteristic of sepals 4～5, petals 4～5, stamens 8～10 and carpel 4～5. Its florescence was from May to the beginning of June with blossoming time of one flower 4～5 days and that of whole tree 8～15 days. The flowers were blooming in the morning and sepal and petal half-open in the afternoon. Before flowering, the filament and style of flowers elongate and the stigma was 2～3 mm higher than the anther. In the time of blooming, the filament was nearly as high as the style, the 4～5 anthers inner stamen crack back, and the secretion was seen in the stigma of the pistil. 4～5 anthers outer stamen crack back one day lately at least. When the flowers wither, all anthers crack back and disperse, and the sepal and petal full close and fall down several days later. The pollen media of Tetraena mongolica Maxim was insects (bees and ants) and the pollination efficiency was low. 50% of stigmas have no pollen, 20% have 1～2 pollens, and only 30% have many pollens. Many pollen tubes were only seen in 25% of stigmas under fluorescentmicroscope. The transformation rate of flowering to fruiting changed from 57.36% to 68.76% and the rate of seed bearing was from 1.26% to 2.80%. Transition rate from flower to fruit was high in the community with worse habitat condition, which was the reproductive strategy of Tetraena mongolica to adapt itself to the hard environment and low fructification rate came from the obstacle in the process of pollination.
2003, 16(4): 398-403.
Abstract:
Impacts of adult feeding materials on female reproduction capacity of the Japanese sawyer,Monochamus alternatus Hope,major vector of the Pine Wilt Disease,were investigated through rearing experiments in 2000-2001 in Xiangshan,Zhejiang Province.The Results showe that there is a comprehensive impact on adult female reproduction capacity of the sawyer.Indexes related with female reproduction,such as pre oviposition period,female life span,eggs laid in 24 h,and rate of egg hatchment,are all got affected,of which the life span of adult female and eggs in 24 h are the most important affected indexes.When fed with current grown Pinus masoniana branches,all the above mentioned indexes get decreased compared with those fed with mixed branches,and decreases with the age of branches in general.The result of the comprehensive impact is that the average number of progeny per female decreases with the age of feeding branches,82.07 with mixed branches,76.62 with current grown branch,8.82 with two year branch,and 0.16 with three year branch respectively.
Impacts of adult feeding materials on female reproduction capacity of the Japanese sawyer,Monochamus alternatus Hope,major vector of the Pine Wilt Disease,were investigated through rearing experiments in 2000-2001 in Xiangshan,Zhejiang Province.The Results showe that there is a comprehensive impact on adult female reproduction capacity of the sawyer.Indexes related with female reproduction,such as pre oviposition period,female life span,eggs laid in 24 h,and rate of egg hatchment,are all got affected,of which the life span of adult female and eggs in 24 h are the most important affected indexes.When fed with current grown Pinus masoniana branches,all the above mentioned indexes get decreased compared with those fed with mixed branches,and decreases with the age of branches in general.The result of the comprehensive impact is that the average number of progeny per female decreases with the age of feeding branches,82.07 with mixed branches,76.62 with current grown branch,8.82 with two year branch,and 0.16 with three year branch respectively.
2003, 16(4): 404-410.
Abstract:
Based on the analysis of the typical forests’ structure, the gap characters of virgin tropical montane rainforests and guided by the theory of Near Nature Forest Management, the indicators and standards of ideal structure of montane rainforest in Bawangling of Hainan Province were put forward. 7 indicators (tree stratum structure, tree species diversity in tree stratum, basic stand growing stock, volume distribution by diameter class, stand density, diameter distribution and tree species structure by merchantable timber of top class to class third ) and the standards for each of the 7 indicators were included in the ideal structure. The study on the ideal structure of montane rainforest in Bawangling Forestry Area of Hainan Province could provide a foundation for their sustainable management and also could provide an case study on the ideal structure for uneven aged forest.
Based on the analysis of the typical forests’ structure, the gap characters of virgin tropical montane rainforests and guided by the theory of Near Nature Forest Management, the indicators and standards of ideal structure of montane rainforest in Bawangling of Hainan Province were put forward. 7 indicators (tree stratum structure, tree species diversity in tree stratum, basic stand growing stock, volume distribution by diameter class, stand density, diameter distribution and tree species structure by merchantable timber of top class to class third ) and the standards for each of the 7 indicators were included in the ideal structure. The study on the ideal structure of montane rainforest in Bawangling Forestry Area of Hainan Province could provide a foundation for their sustainable management and also could provide an case study on the ideal structure for uneven aged forest.
2003, 16(4): 411-417.
Abstract:
The barks of seven host tree species of Kerria lacca were observed. The results were as follows: All host tree species consist of periderm, cortex and secondary phloem, but in different layer, the structure of different host tree species had difference. The periderm of Flemingis macrophylla was the thinnest among seven host tree species, and the cortex of Albizia lucidior was the thinnest. In periderm of Koelreuteria paniculata and Acacia montana, the phellem was remarkably thick in certain places, and phellem of Zizyphus mauritiana had keratinaziation distributing as dots. The layer of sclereids and fibres of Zizyphus mauritiana was the thickest with four layers, but there were not continuous layers of sclereids and fibres in Ficus racemosa and Acacia montana. Acacia montana had the thinnest phloem, Ficus racemosa had the thickest phloem. Koelreuteria paniculata had the shortest min distance between periderm and phloem, and Acacia montana had the shortest max distance between periderm and phloem. Acacia montana had the smallest sieve tube density. In the area of sieve tubes with function, Flemingis macrophylla, Koelreuteria paniculata, Zizyphus mauritiana had simple column ray, seldom had several column of rays, Schleichera oleosa, Ficus racemosa, Albizia lucidior each had simple column ray, double column rays and several column of rays, Albizia lucidior. only had several column of rays.By analyzing the anatomic characteristics of phloem thickness,sieve density of host tree,the effects of different host tree species on the adhesion density and mortality of K.lacca were studied.
The barks of seven host tree species of Kerria lacca were observed. The results were as follows: All host tree species consist of periderm, cortex and secondary phloem, but in different layer, the structure of different host tree species had difference. The periderm of Flemingis macrophylla was the thinnest among seven host tree species, and the cortex of Albizia lucidior was the thinnest. In periderm of Koelreuteria paniculata and Acacia montana, the phellem was remarkably thick in certain places, and phellem of Zizyphus mauritiana had keratinaziation distributing as dots. The layer of sclereids and fibres of Zizyphus mauritiana was the thickest with four layers, but there were not continuous layers of sclereids and fibres in Ficus racemosa and Acacia montana. Acacia montana had the thinnest phloem, Ficus racemosa had the thickest phloem. Koelreuteria paniculata had the shortest min distance between periderm and phloem, and Acacia montana had the shortest max distance between periderm and phloem. Acacia montana had the smallest sieve tube density. In the area of sieve tubes with function, Flemingis macrophylla, Koelreuteria paniculata, Zizyphus mauritiana had simple column ray, seldom had several column of rays, Schleichera oleosa, Ficus racemosa, Albizia lucidior each had simple column ray, double column rays and several column of rays, Albizia lucidior. only had several column of rays.By analyzing the anatomic characteristics of phloem thickness,sieve density of host tree,the effects of different host tree species on the adhesion density and mortality of K.lacca were studied.
2003, 16(4): 418-422.
Abstract:
According to field investigation data in Dongzhai Harbour of Hainan Island, the intraspecific and interspecific competitions of exotic species Sonneratia apetala (introduced in 1985) mixed forest were studied by using Hegyi’s competition index model for individual tree. The results show that the intraspecific competition intensity of S. apetala is positivelv correlated with the diameter scale of the trees, but beyond 20 cm in diameter the increment reduces obviously. The order of competition is: S. apetalaS. caseolarisAvicenia marinaKandelia candelRhizophora stylosaAegiceras corniculatum. The relationship between competition intensity and individual size of tree in the upper strata of trees followes closely the equation CI=ADB. The ecological effects of S. apetala are discussed. The authors consider that S. apetala can not make any ecological invasion in Dongzhai Harbour at present, but its effects in the future still need to be monitored.
According to field investigation data in Dongzhai Harbour of Hainan Island, the intraspecific and interspecific competitions of exotic species Sonneratia apetala (introduced in 1985) mixed forest were studied by using Hegyi’s competition index model for individual tree. The results show that the intraspecific competition intensity of S. apetala is positivelv correlated with the diameter scale of the trees, but beyond 20 cm in diameter the increment reduces obviously. The order of competition is: S. apetalaS. caseolarisAvicenia marinaKandelia candelRhizophora stylosaAegiceras corniculatum. The relationship between competition intensity and individual size of tree in the upper strata of trees followes closely the equation CI=ADB. The ecological effects of S. apetala are discussed. The authors consider that S. apetala can not make any ecological invasion in Dongzhai Harbour at present, but its effects in the future still need to be monitored.
2003, 16(4): 423-429.
Abstract:
The mathematical characteristics of six growth equations and the theoretical basis of these equations applied to model stands diameter structure are analyzed and explored, and the long term observation data of permanent sample plots of Chinese fir are sorted out. The six equations are used to simulate stands cumulative diameter distribution, in order to clearly master the simulation parameters of every equation and what properties growth eqations have when used in the field of diameter structure. The results show: Richards equation at most time presents as a kind of Logistic and Weibull equation has its inflection point; except for Mitscherlich function, modelling precision of all growth functions are very high; the optimum seeking rate of Richards, Weibull, Logistic, Gompertz, Mitscherlich and Korf successively get down; the whole precision of Richards, Logistic, Weibull, Gompertz, Korf and Mitscherlich successively get down; the functions, relative growth rate of which is the index of variable,have the higher precision than those that relative growth rate is the power of variable; equations with three parameters have the higher precision than equations with two.
The mathematical characteristics of six growth equations and the theoretical basis of these equations applied to model stands diameter structure are analyzed and explored, and the long term observation data of permanent sample plots of Chinese fir are sorted out. The six equations are used to simulate stands cumulative diameter distribution, in order to clearly master the simulation parameters of every equation and what properties growth eqations have when used in the field of diameter structure. The results show: Richards equation at most time presents as a kind of Logistic and Weibull equation has its inflection point; except for Mitscherlich function, modelling precision of all growth functions are very high; the optimum seeking rate of Richards, Weibull, Logistic, Gompertz, Mitscherlich and Korf successively get down; the whole precision of Richards, Logistic, Weibull, Gompertz, Korf and Mitscherlich successively get down; the functions, relative growth rate of which is the index of variable,have the higher precision than those that relative growth rate is the power of variable; equations with three parameters have the higher precision than equations with two.
2003, 16(4): 430-433.
Abstract:
Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum Yieh is classified as 3 Groups, 15 Forms and 41 varieties that appllied dual classification system according to main classification features (leaf form, leaf color, florescence, flower color, branch density and color of phloem, xylem, fibre), based on breed resource collection, study on evolutionary,development history and inheritance steady state. A list of classification system is compiled.
Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum Yieh is classified as 3 Groups, 15 Forms and 41 varieties that appllied dual classification system according to main classification features (leaf form, leaf color, florescence, flower color, branch density and color of phloem, xylem, fibre), based on breed resource collection, study on evolutionary,development history and inheritance steady state. A list of classification system is compiled.
2003, 16(4): 434-438.
Abstract:
The explants of Cymbidium sinensis stems and spores were used to study Cymbidium sinensis tissue culture essentials. It dealed with the selection of explant, induction of proliferation, subculture, rooting and outplanting of Cymbidium sinensis. The results showed that the best medium to induce proliferation was MS+6-BA 4.0 mg·L-1+NAA 1.0 mg·L-1+agar 8 g·L-1+sugar 30 g·L-1, by wielding orthogonal test. While rooting medium was half MS and 3.0 mg·L-1of NAA. At the same time,we obtained by analyzing and contrasting the standard spore to bring about rooting, which offered basis of Cymbidium sinensis, such as enlarging produce, increasing living rate and improving economy benefits correspondingly.
The explants of Cymbidium sinensis stems and spores were used to study Cymbidium sinensis tissue culture essentials. It dealed with the selection of explant, induction of proliferation, subculture, rooting and outplanting of Cymbidium sinensis. The results showed that the best medium to induce proliferation was MS+6-BA 4.0 mg·L-1+NAA 1.0 mg·L-1+agar 8 g·L-1+sugar 30 g·L-1, by wielding orthogonal test. While rooting medium was half MS and 3.0 mg·L-1of NAA. At the same time,we obtained by analyzing and contrasting the standard spore to bring about rooting, which offered basis of Cymbidium sinensis, such as enlarging produce, increasing living rate and improving economy benefits correspondingly.
2003, 16(4): 439-443.
Abstract:
The optimum medium for in vitro growth and multiplication of Ilex latifolia from nodal segments was MS+1.0 μmol NAA+8.8 μmol BA or MS+1.0 μmol NAA+9.1 μmol ZT. When calli resulted from cultured young leaves were transferred to WPM supplemented with 5.0 μmol TDZ and 3.0 μmol IAA,the most of adventitious shoots (11.2 per callus) formed. And BA was suitable for the multiplication and height growth of adventitious shoots. 1/4 MS+1.0 μmol NAA(or+1.0 μmol IBA) optimized the rooting of shoots. And the plantlets got acclimatized well, with the survival up to 90%.
The optimum medium for in vitro growth and multiplication of Ilex latifolia from nodal segments was MS+1.0 μmol NAA+8.8 μmol BA or MS+1.0 μmol NAA+9.1 μmol ZT. When calli resulted from cultured young leaves were transferred to WPM supplemented with 5.0 μmol TDZ and 3.0 μmol IAA,the most of adventitious shoots (11.2 per callus) formed. And BA was suitable for the multiplication and height growth of adventitious shoots. 1/4 MS+1.0 μmol NAA(or+1.0 μmol IBA) optimized the rooting of shoots. And the plantlets got acclimatized well, with the survival up to 90%.
2003, 16(4): 444-448.
Abstract:
The Control of the noctuid on the bamboo shoot of Pseudosasa amabilis should regard chemical control as principle, and more attention should be paicl on the first bamboo shoot.In the initial and peak stage which the bamboo shoot comes up out of the gound,is to be sprayed the insecticide of 25% "Sunchongling 1" and 18%"Sunchongling 2"on the ground.The result show that the effective ness can be over 80.0% Spraying the insecticide once in the initial stage which the bamboo shoot comes up out of the gound, the result may also amount to 64.8%Culturing the soil and applying fertilizering measure, can further increase the prevention and cure result.
The Control of the noctuid on the bamboo shoot of Pseudosasa amabilis should regard chemical control as principle, and more attention should be paicl on the first bamboo shoot.In the initial and peak stage which the bamboo shoot comes up out of the gound,is to be sprayed the insecticide of 25% "Sunchongling 1" and 18%"Sunchongling 2"on the ground.The result show that the effective ness can be over 80.0% Spraying the insecticide once in the initial stage which the bamboo shoot comes up out of the gound, the result may also amount to 64.8%Culturing the soil and applying fertilizering measure, can further increase the prevention and cure result.
2003, 16(4): 449-452.
Abstract:
The growth processes of basal area regarding such growth equations as Richards were simulated by making use of observation data of Larix olgensis stands, and the multi type curve models of basal area growth were established. The results of prediction analysis indicated that Richards growth equation was of such characteristics as strong adaptability and high accuracy.
The growth processes of basal area regarding such growth equations as Richards were simulated by making use of observation data of Larix olgensis stands, and the multi type curve models of basal area growth were established. The results of prediction analysis indicated that Richards growth equation was of such characteristics as strong adaptability and high accuracy.
2003, 16(4): 453-458.
Abstract:
Necrotic spot pathogen on needle of Cedrus deodara was identified as Cladosporium tenuissinum. It was a new pathogen on C. deodara. The optimum carbon source of the pathogen growth was glucose. The mycelium growth of the pathogen was obviously inhibited by nitrogen sources and vitamin. In PDA substrate, the preference temperature for mycelium growth was 15～25 ℃, and the optimum temperature 25 ℃ and pH 4. Conidia could only germinate at the relative humidity of 100%.
Necrotic spot pathogen on needle of Cedrus deodara was identified as Cladosporium tenuissinum. It was a new pathogen on C. deodara. The optimum carbon source of the pathogen growth was glucose. The mycelium growth of the pathogen was obviously inhibited by nitrogen sources and vitamin. In PDA substrate, the preference temperature for mycelium growth was 15～25 ℃, and the optimum temperature 25 ℃ and pH 4. Conidia could only germinate at the relative humidity of 100%.
2003, 16(4): 459-464.
Abstract:
Structure analysis was used to analyze the present situation of forestry construction of Yanchi sandy area in Ningxia.The optimized model for the eco ecological shelterbelt system in Yanchi was established and the optimal pattern of forest type,tree species in the sandy area of Yanchi county was put forward.The area of forestland increased from 68.94 thousand ha to 109.05 thousand ha,in which the areas of farmland shelterbelt,economic forest,fuelwood forest and the forest for special use account for 25.68%,20.39%,14.09%,12.09%,10.59%,8.78% and 8.39%respectively.
Structure analysis was used to analyze the present situation of forestry construction of Yanchi sandy area in Ningxia.The optimized model for the eco ecological shelterbelt system in Yanchi was established and the optimal pattern of forest type,tree species in the sandy area of Yanchi county was put forward.The area of forestland increased from 68.94 thousand ha to 109.05 thousand ha,in which the areas of farmland shelterbelt,economic forest,fuelwood forest and the forest for special use account for 25.68%,20.39%,14.09%,12.09%,10.59%,8.78% and 8.39%respectively.
2003, 16(4): 465-472.
Abstract:
The quality deterioration mechanism of chilling injury, including flesh browning, woolliness and flavor loss, in peach fruits during low temperature storage is reviewed, and some methods alleviating chilling injury are discussed. Enzymatic browning was the main reason of browning of peach flesh during low temperature storage, but the trigger factor, PPO or different kinds of phenol,depend on different variety. Woolliness development is associated with abnormal metabolization of pectic substances, as a result of low PG activity and continuous PE activity, and consequently the increasing levels of insoluble pectins. The sucrose, which is the main sugar in peach fruits, and the titratable acid decrease greatly in chill injured fruits during storage. About a hundred of aroma substances are extracted from peach fruits, when chilling injury happened, the fragrance of peach is almost dismissed. Chilling resistant cultivars and proper maturity selection, pre or postharvest chemical treatment, cold adaptation, heat conditioning, intermittent warming and controlled atmosphere storage could alleviate chilling injury of peach fruit.
The quality deterioration mechanism of chilling injury, including flesh browning, woolliness and flavor loss, in peach fruits during low temperature storage is reviewed, and some methods alleviating chilling injury are discussed. Enzymatic browning was the main reason of browning of peach flesh during low temperature storage, but the trigger factor, PPO or different kinds of phenol,depend on different variety. Woolliness development is associated with abnormal metabolization of pectic substances, as a result of low PG activity and continuous PE activity, and consequently the increasing levels of insoluble pectins. The sucrose, which is the main sugar in peach fruits, and the titratable acid decrease greatly in chill injured fruits during storage. About a hundred of aroma substances are extracted from peach fruits, when chilling injury happened, the fragrance of peach is almost dismissed. Chilling resistant cultivars and proper maturity selection, pre or postharvest chemical treatment, cold adaptation, heat conditioning, intermittent warming and controlled atmosphere storage could alleviate chilling injury of peach fruit.
2003, 16(4): 473-478.
Abstract:
The underground rhizome system of monopodial bamboo is not only one of important parts of growth and yield in bamboo stands, but also a difficult, hot point to study. According to current research,the underground rhizome system of monopodial bamboo the effects of weather, soil, terrain condition and management interference on the growth of are reviewed,and great emphasis is put on the weak points of research and the directions of study in the future are discussed.
The underground rhizome system of monopodial bamboo is not only one of important parts of growth and yield in bamboo stands, but also a difficult, hot point to study. According to current research,the underground rhizome system of monopodial bamboo the effects of weather, soil, terrain condition and management interference on the growth of are reviewed,and great emphasis is put on the weak points of research and the directions of study in the future are discussed.
2003, 16(4): 479-487.
Abstract:
This paper gives an overview on the history and status of rattan industry as well as trade worldwide, and outlines the research and development of cane properties along with brief discussion of harvesting, processing, products and the factors impacting the product quality.
This paper gives an overview on the history and status of rattan industry as well as trade worldwide, and outlines the research and development of cane properties along with brief discussion of harvesting, processing, products and the factors impacting the product quality.
2003, 16(4): 488-494.
Abstract:
Gene flow is an important factor influencing the genetic structure of plant populations. Paternity analysis can be used to measure gene flow directly, it could provided the foundation for understanding the degree of gene flow among populations or generations and the sexual selection fitness, for guidance to the designation and management for seed orchard. The advances of gene flow and paternity analysis in forest population recent years were reviewed, and the limitation of paternity analysis making use of enzyme marker in a seed orchard was discussed.
Gene flow is an important factor influencing the genetic structure of plant populations. Paternity analysis can be used to measure gene flow directly, it could provided the foundation for understanding the degree of gene flow among populations or generations and the sexual selection fitness, for guidance to the designation and management for seed orchard. The advances of gene flow and paternity analysis in forest population recent years were reviewed, and the limitation of paternity analysis making use of enzyme marker in a seed orchard was discussed.
2003, 16(4): 495-500.
Abstract:
The soil moisture physical characteristics of forest ecosystem at 7 sites in Shunde region were analyzed.The results show that the soil bulk density increases and the pore decreases with the increase of soil depth;the soil water holding characteristic of Jun’an town is superior to that of Jingping Hill and of Shuiniu Hill.Without the supply of rainfall and surface water and groundwater,the non capillary water will drain within 2 days,then the capillary water will be put into drainage slowly.As far as the availability of water is concerned,the soil water of the Shuiniu Hill will hamper the growth of plants,and of the others will not.
The soil moisture physical characteristics of forest ecosystem at 7 sites in Shunde region were analyzed.The results show that the soil bulk density increases and the pore decreases with the increase of soil depth;the soil water holding characteristic of Jun’an town is superior to that of Jingping Hill and of Shuiniu Hill.Without the supply of rainfall and surface water and groundwater,the non capillary water will drain within 2 days,then the capillary water will be put into drainage slowly.As far as the availability of water is concerned,the soil water of the Shuiniu Hill will hamper the growth of plants,and of the others will not.
2003, 16(4): 501-505.
Abstract:
After 10 years’research and 5 years’controlling practice, an integrated management system based on ecological principles has established in Longyou County, Zhejiang Province, including major insect pests monitoring forecasting and controlling methods. Areas of moso bamboo forest with above middle level pest damage decreased from 7 140.5 hm2 in 1998 to 20.5 hm2in 2002Number of dead bamboo caused by pest damage jumped down from 15 000 per year to 12 per year. With the integrated management system, an economic value of 28.69 million has been saved in the past 5 years.
After 10 years’research and 5 years’controlling practice, an integrated management system based on ecological principles has established in Longyou County, Zhejiang Province, including major insect pests monitoring forecasting and controlling methods. Areas of moso bamboo forest with above middle level pest damage decreased from 7 140.5 hm2 in 1998 to 20.5 hm2in 2002Number of dead bamboo caused by pest damage jumped down from 15 000 per year to 12 per year. With the integrated management system, an economic value of 28.69 million has been saved in the past 5 years.
2003, 16(4): 506-510.
Abstract:
A provenance trial of Casuarina junghuhniana was established at Dianbai, Guangdong Province in southern China. All the 28 seedlots of seeds came from Australian Tree Seed Centre. A complete randomized block design was employed with 16 trees per plot and 4 replicates. From 1 to 5 years old, tree heights (H) and diameters at breast height (DBH) were measured, the single tree volume (V) and tree survival percentage (S) were calculated. The results at 5 years old provenances showed that there were significant differences in tree height, DBH and single tree volume among provenances, which indicated that those provenances were genetic variation in tree growth indexes. Provenance genetic variation coefficient (GCV) and broad heritability (H2) were estimated, GCV was 23.54 % in tree height, 35.78 % in DBH and 84.76 % in single tree volume, and H 2 were 28.87 % in tree height, 24.98 % in DBH and 21.21 % in single tree volume. Using H, DBH, V and S of 5 years old provenances, by Multiple Objective Strategic Decision Analysis method,the provenances were optimized and ranked. For the purpose of high timber yield in plantation, the selected provenance rate was 25 % of the total seedlots in the trials. Seven seedlots, 19240, 17877, 17878, 19491, 19489, 19490 and 13950, were screened out as better provenances. After selecting, the provenance genetic gains were 16.08 % in tree height, 22.73 % in DBH and 49.61 % in single tree volume.
A provenance trial of Casuarina junghuhniana was established at Dianbai, Guangdong Province in southern China. All the 28 seedlots of seeds came from Australian Tree Seed Centre. A complete randomized block design was employed with 16 trees per plot and 4 replicates. From 1 to 5 years old, tree heights (H) and diameters at breast height (DBH) were measured, the single tree volume (V) and tree survival percentage (S) were calculated. The results at 5 years old provenances showed that there were significant differences in tree height, DBH and single tree volume among provenances, which indicated that those provenances were genetic variation in tree growth indexes. Provenance genetic variation coefficient (GCV) and broad heritability (H2) were estimated, GCV was 23.54 % in tree height, 35.78 % in DBH and 84.76 % in single tree volume, and H 2 were 28.87 % in tree height, 24.98 % in DBH and 21.21 % in single tree volume. Using H, DBH, V and S of 5 years old provenances, by Multiple Objective Strategic Decision Analysis method,the provenances were optimized and ranked. For the purpose of high timber yield in plantation, the selected provenance rate was 25 % of the total seedlots in the trials. Seven seedlots, 19240, 17877, 17878, 19491, 19489, 19490 and 13950, were screened out as better provenances. After selecting, the provenance genetic gains were 16.08 % in tree height, 22.73 % in DBH and 49.61 % in single tree volume.
2003, 16(4): 511-514.
Abstract:
The article describes the culture character and others major features of a pathogenic bacteria obtained from the larvae of Saperda populnea. The bacteria was identified as Streptococcs sp. The test to the larvae showed that the bacteria was pathogenic to the larvae of Saperda populnea and had higher pathogenicity.
The article describes the culture character and others major features of a pathogenic bacteria obtained from the larvae of Saperda populnea. The bacteria was identified as Streptococcs sp. The test to the larvae showed that the bacteria was pathogenic to the larvae of Saperda populnea and had higher pathogenicity.
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