2004 Vol. 17, No. 5
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2004, 17(5): 547-554.
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Abstract:
Eight local cultivation pigeonpea populations in Yunnan province were investigated and analyzed on their variance in plant heigh,diameter of stem,canopy,pod numbers per plant,ratio of pod damaged by pests,seed weight per plant and other quantitative characters.Results showed many variances existed either among or within populations.The results showed a high degree of positive correlations between grain yield per plant and pod numbers per plant,but only low degree of positive correlations between grain yield per plant and plant height or stem diameter.There were no obvious correlations between grain yield per plant and other characters.Pod numbers per plant,ratio of pod damaged by pests and 100-seed weight gave the most contribution to seeds yield per plant; their path correlation coefficients were 0.855 1、-0.237 4、0.179 9 respectively.Choosing the plants with more pod numbers,larger seeds and lower pest-damaged ration in breeding program,would give opportunities to get new varieties with high grain yield and strong pests resistance.
Eight local cultivation pigeonpea populations in Yunnan province were investigated and analyzed on their variance in plant heigh,diameter of stem,canopy,pod numbers per plant,ratio of pod damaged by pests,seed weight per plant and other quantitative characters.Results showed many variances existed either among or within populations.The results showed a high degree of positive correlations between grain yield per plant and pod numbers per plant,but only low degree of positive correlations between grain yield per plant and plant height or stem diameter.There were no obvious correlations between grain yield per plant and other characters.Pod numbers per plant,ratio of pod damaged by pests and 100-seed weight gave the most contribution to seeds yield per plant; their path correlation coefficients were 0.855 1、-0.237 4、0.179 9 respectively.Choosing the plants with more pod numbers,larger seeds and lower pest-damaged ration in breeding program,would give opportunities to get new varieties with high grain yield and strong pests resistance.
2004, 17(5): 555-563.
Abstract:
As a result of trees afforestation experimentation in upside of hot and arid valley of Jinsha River,Broussonetia papyrifera,Cajanus cajan,Dodonaea viscose,Phyllanthus enblica,Melia toosendan were suitabe trees to plant in an area under a elevation of 1 600 m;Albiza kalkora,Acacia mearnsii,Cupressus lusitanica,Cupressus duclouxiana were suitabe trees at elevation between 1 400 m and 1 700 m,Tamarindus indica,Tephrosia candida,Acacia glauca,Leucaena leucocephala cv. Salvador,Schleichera oleosa,Caesalpinia spinosa were suitable trees under 1 400 m.Direct sowing were adopted to plant C.cajan,D.viscose,T.candida.For A.kalkora,A.mearnsii,M.toosendan,A.glauca,L.leucocephala cv. Salvador,S.oleosa,and C.spinosa,100-days-old containerized seedlings were used for afforestation,for T.indica,C.lusitanica,C.duclouxiana,and C.spinosa,1-year-old containerized seedlings had better effect in afforestation.The silvicultural technique included site preparation in blocks (40 m×40 m×40 cm),application of organic manure with N and P fertilizer as basal fertilizer,and planting the trees at the beginning of rainy season.Strong,big and well lignified seedlings should be used in afforestation.It was important to remove weeds during afforestation and rainy season.
As a result of trees afforestation experimentation in upside of hot and arid valley of Jinsha River,Broussonetia papyrifera,Cajanus cajan,Dodonaea viscose,Phyllanthus enblica,Melia toosendan were suitabe trees to plant in an area under a elevation of 1 600 m;Albiza kalkora,Acacia mearnsii,Cupressus lusitanica,Cupressus duclouxiana were suitabe trees at elevation between 1 400 m and 1 700 m,Tamarindus indica,Tephrosia candida,Acacia glauca,Leucaena leucocephala cv. Salvador,Schleichera oleosa,Caesalpinia spinosa were suitable trees under 1 400 m.Direct sowing were adopted to plant C.cajan,D.viscose,T.candida.For A.kalkora,A.mearnsii,M.toosendan,A.glauca,L.leucocephala cv. Salvador,S.oleosa,and C.spinosa,100-days-old containerized seedlings were used for afforestation,for T.indica,C.lusitanica,C.duclouxiana,and C.spinosa,1-year-old containerized seedlings had better effect in afforestation.The silvicultural technique included site preparation in blocks (40 m×40 m×40 cm),application of organic manure with N and P fertilizer as basal fertilizer,and planting the trees at the beginning of rainy season.Strong,big and well lignified seedlings should be used in afforestation.It was important to remove weeds during afforestation and rainy season.
2004, 17(5): 564-569.
Abstract:
The approach of applying stereo vision technology on measuring distribution of tree with stereo image couple was introduced in detail and the procedure of stereo vision which fit for forestry environment was explored. The camera calibration based on nonlinear error in measure model was adopted and the interactive correlation matching constrained by epipolar line and edge of tree detected by Canny operator was used.The algorithm and maneuver in this paper were illustrated.Results proved that application of stereo vision technology on measuring distribution of tree could meet precision need in experimental conditions.
The approach of applying stereo vision technology on measuring distribution of tree with stereo image couple was introduced in detail and the procedure of stereo vision which fit for forestry environment was explored. The camera calibration based on nonlinear error in measure model was adopted and the interactive correlation matching constrained by epipolar line and edge of tree detected by Canny operator was used.The algorithm and maneuver in this paper were illustrated.Results proved that application of stereo vision technology on measuring distribution of tree could meet precision need in experimental conditions.
2004, 17(5): 570-575.
Abstract:
The chemical compositions and saccharide of Larix kaempferi in different tree age and different vertical location within a stem were investigated. In a result,the chemical compositions of Larix kaempferi in different tree age had certain difference. With the growing of Larix kaempferi tree,the total carbohydrate decreases,water extraction and 1%NaOH extraction increase,glucose and xylose decrease,galactose increases. Taking chemical compositions into account,12-years and 15-years Larix kaempferi had an advantage over those aged more than 20 years in papermaking.As compared with L.gmelinii,its water extraction,1%NaOH extraction and galactose were less,however,glucose was more.So Larix kaempferi was better than L.gmelinii in papermaking.
The chemical compositions and saccharide of Larix kaempferi in different tree age and different vertical location within a stem were investigated. In a result,the chemical compositions of Larix kaempferi in different tree age had certain difference. With the growing of Larix kaempferi tree,the total carbohydrate decreases,water extraction and 1%NaOH extraction increase,glucose and xylose decrease,galactose increases. Taking chemical compositions into account,12-years and 15-years Larix kaempferi had an advantage over those aged more than 20 years in papermaking.As compared with L.gmelinii,its water extraction,1%NaOH extraction and galactose were less,however,glucose was more.So Larix kaempferi was better than L.gmelinii in papermaking.
2004, 17(5): 576-582.
Abstract:
Using idea and method of Object-Oriented (OO),a service system of forestry resource and environment information based on Internet (FINFOSYS) was designed,so as to provide comprehensive services of information management, information sharing, electronic commerce and analysis and decision etc. for forestry resource and environment information as well. Based on national and other standards, a series of standard and criterion of forestry resource and environment information sharing was built, and then forestry network database and sharing system were established.The forestry resource and environment data warehouse was designed,the multi-dimension data online analysis and data mining models were developed,and forestry online decision support system was realized.At the same time the forestry information product online exchange and communicate was also realized by designing electronic commerce system.
Using idea and method of Object-Oriented (OO),a service system of forestry resource and environment information based on Internet (FINFOSYS) was designed,so as to provide comprehensive services of information management, information sharing, electronic commerce and analysis and decision etc. for forestry resource and environment information as well. Based on national and other standards, a series of standard and criterion of forestry resource and environment information sharing was built, and then forestry network database and sharing system were established.The forestry resource and environment data warehouse was designed,the multi-dimension data online analysis and data mining models were developed,and forestry online decision support system was realized.At the same time the forestry information product online exchange and communicate was also realized by designing electronic commerce system.
2004, 17(5): 583-589.
Abstract:
Monochamus alternatus is one of the most perilous wood-boring insect pests in pine plantations in southern China, and the enzyme cellulase plays the major function to digest the ingested woody tissue in its gut.The cellulase extracted from larvae of M.alternatus was tested to determine its constitution and kinetic properties in this paper.The results revealed that the longicorn borers had integrated cellulolytic enzyme complex: endo-β-1,4-glucanase （Cx-ase）,exo-β-1,4-glucanase （C1-ase） and β-1,4-glucosidase in their gut, among which the activity of C1-ase was the strongest, and β-1,4-glucosidase the weakest.For C1-ase, Cx-ase and （β-1,4-glucosidase）,the optimum temperature range was between 35～55 ℃, 45～55 ℃ and 40～50 ℃ respectively, while their optimum pH at 5.0,5.6 and 5.0. Besides, Cx-ase had the stronger stability to heat,which still had strong activity after being heated at 65 ℃ for 2 h. After comparison of the kinetic parameters among the cellulases of M. alternatus,it was found that C1-ase had greater Vmax and Km,which was 1.083 8 and 0.763 2 respectively,however,β-1,4-glucosidase had greater relatively muzzle velocity.
Monochamus alternatus is one of the most perilous wood-boring insect pests in pine plantations in southern China, and the enzyme cellulase plays the major function to digest the ingested woody tissue in its gut.The cellulase extracted from larvae of M.alternatus was tested to determine its constitution and kinetic properties in this paper.The results revealed that the longicorn borers had integrated cellulolytic enzyme complex: endo-β-1,4-glucanase （Cx-ase）,exo-β-1,4-glucanase （C1-ase） and β-1,4-glucosidase in their gut, among which the activity of C1-ase was the strongest, and β-1,4-glucosidase the weakest.For C1-ase, Cx-ase and （β-1,4-glucosidase）,the optimum temperature range was between 35～55 ℃, 45～55 ℃ and 40～50 ℃ respectively, while their optimum pH at 5.0,5.6 and 5.0. Besides, Cx-ase had the stronger stability to heat,which still had strong activity after being heated at 65 ℃ for 2 h. After comparison of the kinetic parameters among the cellulases of M. alternatus,it was found that C1-ase had greater Vmax and Km,which was 1.083 8 and 0.763 2 respectively,however,β-1,4-glucosidase had greater relatively muzzle velocity.
2004, 17(5): 590-597.
Abstract:
Based on 3 years' observation,the ornamental plants in Shihu Nature Reserve were studied for the first time.Some 360 species of ornamental plants belonging to 229 genera and 86 families,which accounted for 61.22%,70.25% and 88.66% of the total species,genera and families of plant resources there,were reported.There were 12 species of endangered plant species under provincial protection of Jilin,accounted for 8.61% of the total.From the viewpoint of ornamental character,most of them were ornamental plants of flower,fruit and foliage plants,which accounted for 61.67%,26.94% and 21.67%.From the viewpoint of landscape use,ground cover plant,landscape tree,flower shrub occupied the majority,which accounted for 27.22%,14.44% and 11.11% of the total ornamental plants.About 97.98% of the ornamental plants distributed in the Korean pine-conifer-broadleaved mixed forests with elevation of 700～1 000 m.45.99% of the species belonged to the plant type of north temperate zone.The dominant families were Rosaceae,Ranunculaceae,Liliaceae,Saxifragaceae,Compositae.Some suggestions on conservation and development of the ornamental plants were put forward.
Based on 3 years' observation,the ornamental plants in Shihu Nature Reserve were studied for the first time.Some 360 species of ornamental plants belonging to 229 genera and 86 families,which accounted for 61.22%,70.25% and 88.66% of the total species,genera and families of plant resources there,were reported.There were 12 species of endangered plant species under provincial protection of Jilin,accounted for 8.61% of the total.From the viewpoint of ornamental character,most of them were ornamental plants of flower,fruit and foliage plants,which accounted for 61.67%,26.94% and 21.67%.From the viewpoint of landscape use,ground cover plant,landscape tree,flower shrub occupied the majority,which accounted for 27.22%,14.44% and 11.11% of the total ornamental plants.About 97.98% of the ornamental plants distributed in the Korean pine-conifer-broadleaved mixed forests with elevation of 700～1 000 m.45.99% of the species belonged to the plant type of north temperate zone.The dominant families were Rosaceae,Ranunculaceae,Liliaceae,Saxifragaceae,Compositae.Some suggestions on conservation and development of the ornamental plants were put forward.
2004, 17(5): 598-604.
Abstract:
The Biomass,net primary productivity and dynamic changes of forest were determined and investigated on a thirty-five years old Podocarpus imbricatus plantation in Jianfengling,Hainan Island. The total biomass of tree layer of the plantation was 285.53 t·hm-2,of which the stem accounted for 190.82 t·hm-2,branches 35.93 t·hm-2,leaf material 7.96 t·hm-2 and roots 31.63 t·hm-2.Regarding the production structure,the biomass of trunk under the heights of 8 meters accounted for 80% of the total and which of the stumpage with the diameter class between 12 cm and 22 cm accounted for 70% of the total.The biomass of the plantation increased rapidly between 1 and 25 years and annual average net primary productivity increased with the age of the trees,but the growth slowed down after 25 years.It was a high productivity plantation with a net primary productivity averaged at 10.34 t·hm-2·a-1 and the highest one could reach as high as 13.99 t·hm-2·a-1.The integrate effects could be improved by regulating the present structure of the community.
The Biomass,net primary productivity and dynamic changes of forest were determined and investigated on a thirty-five years old Podocarpus imbricatus plantation in Jianfengling,Hainan Island. The total biomass of tree layer of the plantation was 285.53 t·hm-2,of which the stem accounted for 190.82 t·hm-2,branches 35.93 t·hm-2,leaf material 7.96 t·hm-2 and roots 31.63 t·hm-2.Regarding the production structure,the biomass of trunk under the heights of 8 meters accounted for 80% of the total and which of the stumpage with the diameter class between 12 cm and 22 cm accounted for 70% of the total.The biomass of the plantation increased rapidly between 1 and 25 years and annual average net primary productivity increased with the age of the trees,but the growth slowed down after 25 years.It was a high productivity plantation with a net primary productivity averaged at 10.34 t·hm-2·a-1 and the highest one could reach as high as 13.99 t·hm-2·a-1.The integrate effects could be improved by regulating the present structure of the community.
2004, 17(5): 605-609.
Abstract:
Davidia involucrate genetic diversity of 5 populations in distribution regions was analyzed by RAPD marker.It was found that D.involucrate possessed rich genetic diversity,however,the genetic differentiation was enormous among the populations,26% genetic variation existed among the populations due to small population effect and shortage of effective gene flow. By the use of UPGMA cluster analysis with Nei's genetic distance,D.involucrate could be soundly divided into two provenance plots of southeast and northwest,which would provide theory references for conservation and study on the development and application of germ plasm resource from D.involucrate.
Davidia involucrate genetic diversity of 5 populations in distribution regions was analyzed by RAPD marker.It was found that D.involucrate possessed rich genetic diversity,however,the genetic differentiation was enormous among the populations,26% genetic variation existed among the populations due to small population effect and shortage of effective gene flow. By the use of UPGMA cluster analysis with Nei's genetic distance,D.involucrate could be soundly divided into two provenance plots of southeast and northwest,which would provide theory references for conservation and study on the development and application of germ plasm resource from D.involucrate.
2004, 17(5): 610-615.
Abstract:
The effects of 6 environmental factors, i.e. light condition, direct sunlight, thickness of soil humus, neighboring trees, upper canopy species, herbs and shrubs, on the growth of the young trees of Pinus koraiensis were investigated taking 4 closest neighboring trees as the structural unit of the individual growth environment. The influence of 3 community characteristics factors of direct sunlight, upper canopy species, herbs and shrubs were studied in this paper.Results indicated that (1) the exposure of the tree top benefited the most to the growth of the young trees of P.koraiensis, and the direct sunlight from east,northwest,southeast and central could also benefited it; (2) upper canopy species of small leaves or sparse branches and leaves were good for the growth of the young trees of P.koraiensis; (3) the growth of the young trees of P.koraiensis were affected by the cover of the herbs and shrubs. The influence varied in different growth period. When the young trees of P.koraiensis were the underplant, their growth would be suppressed by the blooming growth of herbs and shrubs. When the young trees of P.koraiensis grew bigger, the influence of herbs and shrubs to them would be decreased.
The effects of 6 environmental factors, i.e. light condition, direct sunlight, thickness of soil humus, neighboring trees, upper canopy species, herbs and shrubs, on the growth of the young trees of Pinus koraiensis were investigated taking 4 closest neighboring trees as the structural unit of the individual growth environment. The influence of 3 community characteristics factors of direct sunlight, upper canopy species, herbs and shrubs were studied in this paper.Results indicated that (1) the exposure of the tree top benefited the most to the growth of the young trees of P.koraiensis, and the direct sunlight from east,northwest,southeast and central could also benefited it; (2) upper canopy species of small leaves or sparse branches and leaves were good for the growth of the young trees of P.koraiensis; (3) the growth of the young trees of P.koraiensis were affected by the cover of the herbs and shrubs. The influence varied in different growth period. When the young trees of P.koraiensis were the underplant, their growth would be suppressed by the blooming growth of herbs and shrubs. When the young trees of P.koraiensis grew bigger, the influence of herbs and shrubs to them would be decreased.
2004, 17(5): 616-622.
Abstract:
The Vitamin C and phenolics contents in 15 cultivars of persimmon and 5 wild species of Diospyros were determined.The result showed that wild species contained highest content of Vc, Phenolics and flavenes. Vc content was more than 10 mg·g in all materials except for "luotian tian shi" and D.rhombifolia and appeared the trend of wild speciesastringent type cultivarsnon-astringent type cultivars. It dropped markedly in most non-astringent type cultivars along with changing of season, while others fluctuated in a narrow extent. Oven dried persimmon leaves remained as much as 8.88% of Vc in fresh leaves on oven dried basis. The annual average content of total phenolic compounds in wild species was 44.91 mg·g-1(FW) which was the highest among tested materials and the tendency of seasonal fluctuation in all species and cultivars was similar to Vc. Phenolic acids in persimmon leaves consists of 8 components in which gallic acid, caffeic acid, t-cinnamic and p-coumaric acid account for 48%, 21%, 12% and 10% respectively. Total flavenes content was more than 5 mg·g-1 in all materials with little seasonal fluctuation, among which D.oleifera was the richest with the annual average content of 11.42 mg·g-1(FW).It was proposed that extraction and exploitation of active constituents in Diospyros should choose proper species (or cultivars) and seasons according to different purposes.
The Vitamin C and phenolics contents in 15 cultivars of persimmon and 5 wild species of Diospyros were determined.The result showed that wild species contained highest content of Vc, Phenolics and flavenes. Vc content was more than 10 mg·g in all materials except for "luotian tian shi" and D.rhombifolia and appeared the trend of wild speciesastringent type cultivarsnon-astringent type cultivars. It dropped markedly in most non-astringent type cultivars along with changing of season, while others fluctuated in a narrow extent. Oven dried persimmon leaves remained as much as 8.88% of Vc in fresh leaves on oven dried basis. The annual average content of total phenolic compounds in wild species was 44.91 mg·g-1(FW) which was the highest among tested materials and the tendency of seasonal fluctuation in all species and cultivars was similar to Vc. Phenolic acids in persimmon leaves consists of 8 components in which gallic acid, caffeic acid, t-cinnamic and p-coumaric acid account for 48%, 21%, 12% and 10% respectively. Total flavenes content was more than 5 mg·g-1 in all materials with little seasonal fluctuation, among which D.oleifera was the richest with the annual average content of 11.42 mg·g-1(FW).It was proposed that extraction and exploitation of active constituents in Diospyros should choose proper species (or cultivars) and seasons according to different purposes.
2004, 17(5): 623-629.
Abstract:
The paper studied the landscape patterns in Huian, a coastal county of Fujian Province. By selecting the diversity index,dominance index and evenness index,the landscape patterns in the county were analyzed. The result showed that the landscape pattern was mainly the farmland and the diversity index of forestry areas was the maximum, but the environment quality was rather poor. There were 7 032 patches in the studied region, and the largest was 11.2 km2, the smallest was 420 m2, this showed that the difference of patch areas was very large. With the increasing disturbances, the landscape diversity decreased and the dominance increased.
The paper studied the landscape patterns in Huian, a coastal county of Fujian Province. By selecting the diversity index,dominance index and evenness index,the landscape patterns in the county were analyzed. The result showed that the landscape pattern was mainly the farmland and the diversity index of forestry areas was the maximum, but the environment quality was rather poor. There were 7 032 patches in the studied region, and the largest was 11.2 km2, the smallest was 420 m2, this showed that the difference of patch areas was very large. With the increasing disturbances, the landscape diversity decreased and the dominance increased.
2004, 17(5): 630-635.
Abstract:
Three functional bacteria improving disease resistance and adversity resistance of turfgrass were isolated and chosen in the lab. The authors studied their culture conditions and physiological characteristics. The results indicated that the best N source and C source for three bacteria (E, F and H) were peptone and sucrose respectively, beef extract and glucose second; three bacteria could grow at a pH range of 6～10, of which the bacteria E and F grew best when the initial pH value was 7.4 and bacterium H at pH 7.6;the most suitable temperature for them to grow was 30～35 ℃; the dry weight of three bacteria had a significant variance at different shaker speed and different solution amount when cultured in flasks.
Three functional bacteria improving disease resistance and adversity resistance of turfgrass were isolated and chosen in the lab. The authors studied their culture conditions and physiological characteristics. The results indicated that the best N source and C source for three bacteria (E, F and H) were peptone and sucrose respectively, beef extract and glucose second; three bacteria could grow at a pH range of 6～10, of which the bacteria E and F grew best when the initial pH value was 7.4 and bacterium H at pH 7.6;the most suitable temperature for them to grow was 30～35 ℃; the dry weight of three bacteria had a significant variance at different shaker speed and different solution amount when cultured in flasks.
2004, 17(5): 636-640.
Abstract:
In order to explore the responses of gap border trees(GBT)to gap disturbance in subalpine primary conifer forests in the western Sichuan Province,the GBTs in the typical primary conifer forest at Dawodang within Wanglang Nature Reserve were surveyed and analyzed according to species, height, diameter at breast height (DBH), crow inclination and so on. The results showed that the size of GBTs accorded well with the one of the canopy trees in general stand while a few were smaller;it's feasible to regard the averaging heights of GBTs as the heights of their gaps;the ratio of crow inclination (RCI) of most GBTs were in the range of 0.5 and 0.7 while about 1/5 GBTs' crows were regular, and the RCIs difference of species were significant; the maximum number of GBTs in one gap was 17 while the minimum was 5, and averaging 9.51 GBTs per gap.
In order to explore the responses of gap border trees(GBT)to gap disturbance in subalpine primary conifer forests in the western Sichuan Province,the GBTs in the typical primary conifer forest at Dawodang within Wanglang Nature Reserve were surveyed and analyzed according to species, height, diameter at breast height (DBH), crow inclination and so on. The results showed that the size of GBTs accorded well with the one of the canopy trees in general stand while a few were smaller;it's feasible to regard the averaging heights of GBTs as the heights of their gaps;the ratio of crow inclination (RCI) of most GBTs were in the range of 0.5 and 0.7 while about 1/5 GBTs' crows were regular, and the RCIs difference of species were significant; the maximum number of GBTs in one gap was 17 while the minimum was 5, and averaging 9.51 GBTs per gap.
2004, 17(5): 641-645.
Abstract:
Allelopathic effects of Sonneratia apetala on the germination and seedling growth of 4 native mangrove species were investigated in a greenhouse cultivation with five concentrations (i.e. 0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5 g·mL-1) of aqueous extracts from different organs of S.apetala. Results showed that (1) S.apetala had greater allelopathic effects on germination than on seedling growth of 4 test native mangroves;(2) all concentrations except the lowest significantly inhibited the germination of native mangroves, and the inhibitory effects increased with the increasing of concentration;(3) at high concentrations of aqueous extracts,seedling growth was significantly inhibited, and the inhibitory effects decreased with the decreasing of concentration, while seedling growth was stimulated at low concentrations;(4) the order of inhibitory effects of different organs of S.apetala was: fruitrootdeciduous leaves,while the inhibitory effects of S.apetala varied with differcnt receptor species.
Allelopathic effects of Sonneratia apetala on the germination and seedling growth of 4 native mangrove species were investigated in a greenhouse cultivation with five concentrations (i.e. 0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5 g·mL-1) of aqueous extracts from different organs of S.apetala. Results showed that (1) S.apetala had greater allelopathic effects on germination than on seedling growth of 4 test native mangroves;(2) all concentrations except the lowest significantly inhibited the germination of native mangroves, and the inhibitory effects increased with the increasing of concentration;(3) at high concentrations of aqueous extracts,seedling growth was significantly inhibited, and the inhibitory effects decreased with the decreasing of concentration, while seedling growth was stimulated at low concentrations;(4) the order of inhibitory effects of different organs of S.apetala was: fruitrootdeciduous leaves,while the inhibitory effects of S.apetala varied with differcnt receptor species.
2004, 17(5): 646-653.
Abstract:
The stands of 17-year-old and 15-year-old Manglietia yuyuanensis mixed with C.lanceolata （the ratios of C.lanceolata to M.yuyuanensis was 7∶3） at Shaxian County in Fujian Province,which respectively given different intermediate cutting in 10th year and 13th year were studied.The crown structure （including vertical distribution of primary branches, crown form, vertical changes of branch inclinations, vertical distribution of leaf area and cumulative leaf area index） of M. yuyuanensis in mixed stands were studied by asynchronous speed growth model.The results showed that different intermediate cutting patterns had significant effects on the crown structure. With timely intermediate cutting,most trees of M.yuyuanensis were with coniform crowns, otherwise crown form appeared parabolical cylinder crowns. The conical-shaped crown,large branch inclination and higher leaf area index were contributed to the absorption of the sunlight and the silviculture of large-diameter wood of M.yuyuanensis. The cumulative leaf area index of M.yuyuanensis could be estimated by the index models,respectively,ACLAI=2.6211Z0.1318е0.0417Z（R2=0.941 8） and BCLAI=1.754 6Z0.6122е-0.1411Z（R2=（0.9923））.Validation on the data showed that the model of M.yuyuanensis leaves area could give more accurate estimation.
The stands of 17-year-old and 15-year-old Manglietia yuyuanensis mixed with C.lanceolata （the ratios of C.lanceolata to M.yuyuanensis was 7∶3） at Shaxian County in Fujian Province,which respectively given different intermediate cutting in 10th year and 13th year were studied.The crown structure （including vertical distribution of primary branches, crown form, vertical changes of branch inclinations, vertical distribution of leaf area and cumulative leaf area index） of M. yuyuanensis in mixed stands were studied by asynchronous speed growth model.The results showed that different intermediate cutting patterns had significant effects on the crown structure. With timely intermediate cutting,most trees of M.yuyuanensis were with coniform crowns, otherwise crown form appeared parabolical cylinder crowns. The conical-shaped crown,large branch inclination and higher leaf area index were contributed to the absorption of the sunlight and the silviculture of large-diameter wood of M.yuyuanensis. The cumulative leaf area index of M.yuyuanensis could be estimated by the index models,respectively,ACLAI=2.6211Z0.1318е0.0417Z（R2=0.941 8） and BCLAI=1.754 6Z0.6122е-0.1411Z（R2=（0.9923））.Validation on the data showed that the model of M.yuyuanensis leaves area could give more accurate estimation.
2004, 17(5): 654-659.
Abstract:
Research on the adaptabilities of sereral mangrove species and Taxodium distichum on deep-water mudflat showed that (1) the growing speed and survival rate of mangrove species Sonneratia apetala were close to that of Taxodium distichum, greatly higher than that of Aegiceras corniculatum, Kandelia candel and Bruguiera gymnorhiza, proving that Sonneratia apetala and Taxodium distichum had a strong growth adaptability on deep-water mudflat and fast-growing characteristics; (2) with the decrease of the mudflat height, the survival rate and growing speed of mangrove species and Taxodium distichum decreased accordingly. Taxodium distichum grew poorly and few surived under mudflat height of -0.9 m,and all the mangrove secies could not even survive.The ability of Taxodium distichum to endure sea water inundation was the greatest,next was Sonneratia apetala,Aegiceras corniculatum was poor,and Kandelia candel and Bruguiera gynnorhiza were the poorest;(3) there existed certain correlations between growth indexes of mangrove species and Taxodium distichum at the same place. The correlations between Sonneratia apetala and Taxodium distichum were most remarkable, almost every growth index of Sonneratia apetala had especially notable correlation with that of Taxodium distichum. Aegiceras corniculatum,Kandelia candel and Bruguiera gymnorhiza had relatively poor growth correlations with Taxodium distichum.
Research on the adaptabilities of sereral mangrove species and Taxodium distichum on deep-water mudflat showed that (1) the growing speed and survival rate of mangrove species Sonneratia apetala were close to that of Taxodium distichum, greatly higher than that of Aegiceras corniculatum, Kandelia candel and Bruguiera gymnorhiza, proving that Sonneratia apetala and Taxodium distichum had a strong growth adaptability on deep-water mudflat and fast-growing characteristics; (2) with the decrease of the mudflat height, the survival rate and growing speed of mangrove species and Taxodium distichum decreased accordingly. Taxodium distichum grew poorly and few surived under mudflat height of -0.9 m,and all the mangrove secies could not even survive.The ability of Taxodium distichum to endure sea water inundation was the greatest,next was Sonneratia apetala,Aegiceras corniculatum was poor,and Kandelia candel and Bruguiera gynnorhiza were the poorest;(3) there existed certain correlations between growth indexes of mangrove species and Taxodium distichum at the same place. The correlations between Sonneratia apetala and Taxodium distichum were most remarkable, almost every growth index of Sonneratia apetala had especially notable correlation with that of Taxodium distichum. Aegiceras corniculatum,Kandelia candel and Bruguiera gymnorhiza had relatively poor growth correlations with Taxodium distichum.
2004, 17(5): 660-665.
Abstract:
Pan'an County is located at th middle part of Zhejiang Province with rich Chinese Torreya (Torreya grandis)resources and a long history in cultivating Chinese Torreya.This paper reported Chinese Torreya resources in this region.The germplasm resources and the natural distribution patterns were surveyed in June to October 2002 and June to October 2003.There were two types of Chinese Torreya in this region,long seed torreya and round seed torreya,falling into 7 varieties called XiFei,DaXiangFei,DingXiangFei,LiaoYaFei,DaYuanFei,ZhongYuanFei,XiaoYuanFei.XiFei was a major cultivar,others were natural types in fact.The economic characters of some major varieties were described.Meanwhile,some suggestions at exploiting and utilizing this crop were proposed,such as strengthening the protection on Chinese Torreya resources in Pan'an County,developing and popularizing the plantation of XiFei,exploiting and utilizing the other natural types reasonably,etc.
Pan'an County is located at th middle part of Zhejiang Province with rich Chinese Torreya (Torreya grandis)resources and a long history in cultivating Chinese Torreya.This paper reported Chinese Torreya resources in this region.The germplasm resources and the natural distribution patterns were surveyed in June to October 2002 and June to October 2003.There were two types of Chinese Torreya in this region,long seed torreya and round seed torreya,falling into 7 varieties called XiFei,DaXiangFei,DingXiangFei,LiaoYaFei,DaYuanFei,ZhongYuanFei,XiaoYuanFei.XiFei was a major cultivar,others were natural types in fact.The economic characters of some major varieties were described.Meanwhile,some suggestions at exploiting and utilizing this crop were proposed,such as strengthening the protection on Chinese Torreya resources in Pan'an County,developing and popularizing the plantation of XiFei,exploiting and utilizing the other natural types reasonably,etc.
2004, 17(5): 666-673.
Abstract:
Since conducting the policy of opening and reform, urbanization is speeding in China, which helps socioeconomic development. However, environmental problems become vital as well. In the viewpoint of ecology, urban forest,which mainly consist of trees,plays an important role on the adjustment of eco-elements such as light, heat, gas, water and soil as well as protects urban-rural eco-environment. At present tree species applied in urban forest usually are monotonous, which makes city landscape looks dull. Thus the relationship between human and nature must be reformed in urban forest construction, and according to compound ecosystem theory human is the prime. For building urban forest, trees must integrate with water. Tree species selection must follow the principle of trees adapted to site conditions and employ local and wild plants especially trees so as to as early as possible expand spatially. According to measures when first branching reaches 8 m, the surroundings could be created that lower temperature in summer and fine sunlight in winter. Hence in city square construction some high trees must be planted together with scrubs, lianas and herbs so that huge umbrella-ship crown could be formed and bring ecological benefits spatially. Additionally climbers must be paid attention as are characterized with wide adaptation, strong drought tolerance and climbing capacity, so that they are not only applied in greening dessert, bare mountain and hills, also in urban area, bridges and roads.
Since conducting the policy of opening and reform, urbanization is speeding in China, which helps socioeconomic development. However, environmental problems become vital as well. In the viewpoint of ecology, urban forest,which mainly consist of trees,plays an important role on the adjustment of eco-elements such as light, heat, gas, water and soil as well as protects urban-rural eco-environment. At present tree species applied in urban forest usually are monotonous, which makes city landscape looks dull. Thus the relationship between human and nature must be reformed in urban forest construction, and according to compound ecosystem theory human is the prime. For building urban forest, trees must integrate with water. Tree species selection must follow the principle of trees adapted to site conditions and employ local and wild plants especially trees so as to as early as possible expand spatially. According to measures when first branching reaches 8 m, the surroundings could be created that lower temperature in summer and fine sunlight in winter. Hence in city square construction some high trees must be planted together with scrubs, lianas and herbs so that huge umbrella-ship crown could be formed and bring ecological benefits spatially. Additionally climbers must be paid attention as are characterized with wide adaptation, strong drought tolerance and climbing capacity, so that they are not only applied in greening dessert, bare mountain and hills, also in urban area, bridges and roads.
2004, 17(5): 674-679.
Abstract:
Almond is a well-known nut and oil production species.This article summarized the world-wide research progress in variety breeding,ecological and biological characteristics,physiological and biochemical analysis,cultivation,genetics,cloning,etc.The differences in genetic research among Europe,America and China were analyzed.The situation for exploiting almond resources in Xinjiang was evaluated,and the evaluation of prospect for developing almond was put forward.
Almond is a well-known nut and oil production species.This article summarized the world-wide research progress in variety breeding,ecological and biological characteristics,physiological and biochemical analysis,cultivation,genetics,cloning,etc.The differences in genetic research among Europe,America and China were analyzed.The situation for exploiting almond resources in Xinjiang was evaluated,and the evaluation of prospect for developing almond was put forward.
2004, 17(5): 680-684.
Abstract:
By crossing experiments of some camellia species and C.japonica cultivars from 2002 to 2003, the results showed that cross-compatibility among some camellia species crossing C.japonica cultivars were better than those among some camellia species crossing species. While crossing among camellia species, the average fruit set percentage of 19 cross-combinations were 18.18% in 2002 and 21.35% in 2003,the range of fruit set percentage were from 4.00% to 64.00%.
By crossing experiments of some camellia species and C.japonica cultivars from 2002 to 2003, the results showed that cross-compatibility among some camellia species crossing C.japonica cultivars were better than those among some camellia species crossing species. While crossing among camellia species, the average fruit set percentage of 19 cross-combinations were 18.18% in 2002 and 21.35% in 2003,the range of fruit set percentage were from 4.00% to 64.00%.
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