• 中国中文核心期刊
  • 中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库来源期刊
  • 中国科技论文统计源期刊(CJCR)
  • 第二届国家期刊奖提名奖

2011 Vol. 24, No. 6

Display Method:
Urban Forestry: A New Development Tendency of Forestry
PENG Zhen-hua, QIE Guang-fa
2011, 24(6): 677-683.
Abstract:
Urban forestry is emerging and developing rapidly in China' urbanized regions. It is conducive to optimize the national layout of forest resources. Thereby, the urban forestry could make the urban ecological environment better, improve the urban livable quality and enhance the urban sustainability. In this paper, the development process and construction ideas of urban forestry are described, and some planning practices in six provinces and six cities are introduced. According to the national strategy, it is pointed that urban forestry has become a new direction of forestry in China.
Studies on the Priority Exploitation Ranking of the Wild Ornamental Plants in Mt. Shergyla
XING Zhen, ZHANG Qi-xiang, LIU Hao, PAN Hui-tang
2011, 24(6): 684-693.
Abstract:
By referring the research results of various evaluation models, a priority exploitation ranking system was established for sustainable use of the wild ornamental plants in Mt. Shergyla. It consists of 8 coefficients, which are ornamental coefficient, endemic species coefficient, ecotope coefficient, volume coefficient, variance coefficient, endangered coefficient, resistance coefficient, and gained coefficient. By assigning different weights for them, the value of preferential exploitation (Ve) was calculated. Then, with K-means Cluster Analysis in SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science), the priority exploitation ranking of the 184 species of wild ornamental plants (belonging to 107 genera and 47 families) was done. And it will guide protection and utilization wild ornamental plants in Mt. Shergyla.
Phenotypic Diversity in Natural Populations of Styrax tonkinensis
LIU Xin-hong, LI Yin-gang, ZHAO Xun, SHI Cong-guang, SHENG Wei-tong
2011, 24(6): 694-700.
Abstract:
14 phenotypes from 9 populations were investigated and the phenotype diversities within and inter-populations were analyzed by adopting the methods of nested analysis of variance, coefficient of variation, correlation analysis and cluster analysis. The results are as follows: The phenotypes of Styrax tonkinensis present abundant variations within populations and groups; the phenotypic differentiation coefficient is 59.08% within populations, which is higher than that within groups; The average coefficient of variation of 4 kinds of phenotypes, collateral, leaves, fruits and seeds, are 31.02%, 16.85%, 8.2% and 6.6% respectively, it appears that seed stability is the highest, while the collateral stability is the lowest; Seed 1000-grain weight has very significant positive correlation with individual traits of collateral, leaves, fruits and seeds, while significantly negative correlation with shape index of leaves, fruits and seeds .Among the 14 phenotypes, only leaf length, leaf area and seed length, seed aspect ratio present one-way variation pattern of latitude and longitude; 9 natural groups of species Styrax tonkinensis could be divided into 3 classes through the clustering analysis of phenotypes.
Establishment of an Efficient Regeneration System of Populus cathayana Rehd.var. Qinghai
DU Xiao-yan, HAN Su-ying, LIANG Guo-lu, QI Li-wang
2011, 24(6): 701-706.
Abstract:
The shoots of Populus cathayana Rehd. var. Qinghai were used as explants for tissue culture to study the effects of different hormone concentrations on the plant's regeneration system and a high-efficient tissue culture regeneration system of P. cathayana Rehd. var. Qinghai was established. It was found that P. cathayana Rehd. var.Qinghai was very sensitive to hormone concentration. The concentration of hormone had great impact on their growth in various stages. The best culture medium for induction and differentiation of P. cathayana Rehd.var. Qinghai was 1/2MS+6-BA 0.5 mg·L-1+NAA 0.05 mg·L-1, on which the differentiation rate was 82.0%; The best culture medium for bud growth was MS+NAA 0.005 mg·L-1 ;The best culture medium for proliferation was MS+6-BA 0.1 mg·L-1+NAA 0.3 mg·L-1; The best culture medium for rooting was 1/2MS+IBA0.3 mg·L-1.
Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Genetic Relationships of Castanea henryi Native Varieties
LIU Guo-bin, GONG Bang-chu, LAI Jun-sheng, GU Jia-long, XIE Zheng-cheng
2011, 24(6): 707-712.
Abstract:
ISSR was used to study the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 37 Castanea henryi native varieties. 13 ISSR primers were selected from 65 universal primers. The number of bands produced by each primer varied from 9 to 16, the average was 12. A total of 156 bands were produced, in which 129 were polymorphic, the percentage of polymorphic loci was 82.69%, in average 9.9 polymorphic bands produced by each primer,and a relatively high level of genetic diversity was revealed by the result. The Observed number of alleles was 1.826 9, the effective number of alleles was 1.509 7, Nei's gene diversity was 0.292 3, Shannon information index was 0.434 4. 37 cultivars were distinguished by 13 ISSR primers. A dendrogram showed that the genetic relationship was constructed through an unweighted pair group method (UPGMA) based on the genetic identity and 37 cultivars were clustered into 2 main groups and 7 subgroups.
Growth Rhythm and Individual Models of Wine Bamboo Plantation, Oxytenanthera braunii
LI Wei-cheng, WANG Shu-dong, ZHONG Zhe-ke, SHENG Hai-yan, ZHOU Yan
2011, 24(6): 713-719.
Abstract:
The authors studied the shoot growth rhythm of wine bamboo, Oxytenanthera braunii, which is of great economic importance in Tanzania and has been introduced to China recently. And also, individual-based model was used to delineate and capture the essence of the shoot growth system well enough addressing specific characteristics of parameters about the system. The results showed that the power function could be used to set up the relationship between leaf number and node number, which was the same as branch number after truncating. Compensation effect of mother individuals after transplanting was important for wine bamboo adapting to the semi-arid area in southwest China. The quadratic function could be used to express the relationship between the number of residual nodes with branch and the percentage of branch number contributing to the total number of the individual without truncating which was also shown by the percentage of leaf number. The probability distribution function such as Weibull and Gamma were used to simulate the distribution of branch and leaf number on each culm node after truncating and transplanting with stump. Results indicated that distribution curve was successfully simulated, and Weibull and Gamma functions gave the best answer compared with normal distribution. Repression models based on DBH (diameter at breast height) showed that the fitted curve of power functions was more significant than others except the groups of one-year-old culm and two-years-old branch. The height growth and dynamic germination process of shoots fitted to the sigmoid curve, which could be well described by Logistic equation. And both the processes of different levels were divided into three sub-periods like beginning, flourish and end periods according to the first and second order derivatives of Logistic equation. The shoots germination period lasted about 150 days, which was about from May to October and coincident with the local rain season essentially. The beginning sub-period finished at the 48-51 days, and flourishing sub-period arrived at the 69-72 days, then the germination speed was down and the end sub-period showed at the 90-93 days similarly, following the rules of slow-quick-slow, shoot individuals displayed Logistic growth and showed a significant plastic growth rhythm responding to the local rain season. Height growth of shoot lasted longer at beginning sub-period and spent more time before entering fast growth stage. Meanwhile, the slow growth stage lasted only 12 days. And the shoots in the end sub-period displayed the contrary behavior, which was threatened by the decreasing rainfall and low humidity. There were only two stages for shoots in the flourishing sub-period which was no initial stage and shoots entered the fast growth stage directly. The whole growth period was the shortest. So humidity was the main ecological factor influencing the growth of bamboo shoots. Understanding the advantage of plasticity response and its limits is of critical importance for numerous issues in ecology and evolution for O. braunii.
Study of the Dominant Height for Chinese Fir Plantation Using Two-Level Nonlinear Mixed Effects Model
FU Li-yong, LI Yong-ci, LI Chun-ming, TANG Shou-zheng
2011, 24(6): 720-726.
Abstract:
Nonlinear mixed effects model (NLMEM) is built on the relationship of the fixed and random effects in the regression function. The NLMEM has an obvious comparative advantage in analyzing the longitudinal data, repeated measures data and multilevel data. Two-level NLMEM is used to analyze the dominant height for Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). The authors outline the two-level NLMEM and introduce the parameters estimation method of the model. Based on five common Richard and Logistic models, the mixed model is built. The modeling data are used to calculate and compare with 19 models derived from each based model, and 5 optimal mixed models are built. Compared the 5 optimal mixed models with traditional regression models, it is showed that the two-level NLMEM has a better fitting effect than the regression models.
The Community Characteristics of Endangered Species Cephalotaxus oliveri Mast
LANG Xue-dong, SU Jian-rong, ZHANG Zhi-jun, LI Shuai-feng, LIU Wan-de, MIAO Ying-chun
2011, 24(6): 727-735.
Abstract:
Applying the phytosociological methods, eight communities of Cephalotaxus oliveri distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou and Jiangxi provinces were investigated. The results showed that there were 336 species of vascular plants belonging to 235 genera of 108 families, and generally, Cephalotaxus oliveri has became common dominant or frequent species in the dominant layer of these communities. Lauraceae was the most dominant family, Lindera was the most dominant genus, and Itoa orientalis , Bothrocaryum controversa , Litsea pungens, Alangium chinense , Macropanax rosthornii z Chimonobambusa grandifolia and Phyllostachys heterocycla (Carr.) Mitford cv."Pubescens"were the main dominant species in the community composition. The community physiognomy of Cephalotaxus oliveri was very similar to that of Subtropical evergreen broad-leaf forest, according to Raunkiaer' life form system, the ratios of phanerophytes, chamaephytes, hemicryptophytes, cryptophytes and therophytes were 62.78%,12.67%,9.73%,12.29% and 2.53% respectively. The study of leaf types indicated that the compositions of leaf was made up for nanophyll of 68.49%, without macrophyll and megaphyll. For leaf texture, the papery leaf took the largest proportion (55.89%) and that of membranous leaf the least (4.93%). The proportion of simple leaves was 76.99% and that of compound leaves was 23.11%, the entire leaves took 49.04% and no-entire leaves took 50.06%. And the spatial pattern of individual distribution in all communities belonged to be clumped. The characteristics of vertical structure of communities indicated that the layer higher than 3.5m, with 68.71% of mean value of coverage, was the dominant layer in the communities. Also the statistics of static life table explained that the populations growing in Daozhen, Jiangkou, Taijiang and Zhenyuan counties belonged to expanding populations, but the populations in Luxi, Kaili, Pinbian and Xinping counties were stable populations. In addition, the species diversity in different communities also existed significant differences and the similarity between communities was not significant.
Litter's Reserve and Water-Holding Capacity for Major Secondary Forest Communities in Changbai Mountains
ZHENG Jin-ping, GUO Zhong-ling, XU Cheng-yang, FAN Chun-nan, PANG Sheng-jiang, LI Bing
2011, 24(6): 736-742.
Abstract:
The litter's reserve and water-holding capacity were investigated by the methods of field survey and litter soaking experiments for major secondary forest communities in Bajiazi Forestry Bureau of Yanji, Jilin Province. The results showed that the litter reserve of all communities ranged form 4.67 t·hm-2 to 5.13 t·hm-2, with a rank of deciduous broad-leaved forest >Asian white birch forest > Korean pine broad-leaved forest > mixed forest. The reserves of the undecomposed litter were more than that of the semi-decomposed litter, and occupied about 60% of the total. The water absorption strength varied significantly among different litter types, the fastest was the semi-decomposed litter, followed by broad-leaved litter, needle-branches litter, and grass litter, while that of the broad-branches litter, miscellany litter, needle-leaves were relatively slow. The maximal water-holding rate and the maximal water-holding capacity were significant different among different litter types, and the maximal water-holding rate followed the order of miscellany > grass > coniferous needles > broad-leaves > semi-decomposition > coniferous branches > broad-branches, and the maximal water-holding capacity followed the order of semi-decomposition > broad-leaved > broad-branches > coniferous needles > coniferous branches > miscellany > grass. The maximal water-holding rate of all communities ranged from 291.53% to 364.56%, and water-holding rate followed the order of Asian white birch forest > deciduous broad-leaved forest > mixed forest > Korean pine broad-leaved forest. The maximal water-holding capacity of all communities ranged from 13.64 t·hm-2 to 18.00 t·hm-2, and with the same order for water holding rate. The litter soaking experiments showed that the water-holding rate and water-holding capacity increased with the soaking time, following a logarithmic curve (W=alnt+b), and fitting results were very significantly.
Development of Polymorphic Simple Sequence Repeats Markers in Phyllostachys edulis by Magnesphere
PENG Zhen-hua, LIU Guan-shui, LI Lu-bin
2011, 24(6): 743-748.
Abstract:
The objective of this work is to seek SSR markers for Phyllostachys edulis. Magnesphere method was used to conentrate SSR containing sequences from Ph. edulis Genomic DNA AFLP fragments. Three SSR-enriched libraries (GT, AG, and CCA) were constructed. The Clone-PCR method was used to screen positive clones, 1 080, 620, 630 clones were screened in GT, AG, CCA libraries, and 137, 73, 41 SSR-containing sequences were obtained, at concentration rate of 12.7%, 11.8%, 6.5% respectively. The result showed that the concentration rate of dinucleotide repeat libraries is higher than trinucleotide libraries. After sequences analyzing, 53 pairs of SSR primers were designed, 31 of which amplified the objective fragment in Ph. edulis at the rate of 58.9%.
Rooting Response of Catalpa bungei Softwood Cutting to Different Hormone Treatments and Medium Mixture
ZHANG Bo, LAN Zai-ping, MA Ke, HU Hai-zi
2011, 24(6): 749-753.
Abstract:
A study was conducted on softwood cutting of Catalpa bungei considering the rooting rate and rooting trait by using Yuanjichangguo (Long-fruit and round-base) Catalpa as cutting material in automatic control greenhouse, with controlled air temperature 18-28 ℃ and humidity of 90%-95% during the rooting period. Two kinds of hormones of ABT-1 and NAA were used in different concentrations, treating methods and treating durations, and four kinds of mediums of peat, perlite, sand and vermiculite were adopted in different mixing proportions for the study. The results showed that high rooting rate and good rooting trait were achieved when softwood cuttings were treated with quick dipping of 1 000 mg·kg-1 ABT-1 or 1 000 mg·kg-1 NAA hormone with talc powder mixture, and when the medium mixture of peat∶perlite = 1∶1 was employed. The highest rooting rate of 83% was achieved from the best combination of appropriate hormone treatments and medium mixture for the softwood cutting of C. bungei. The study results can be important references to promote the rooting rate in developing rooted cutting plants of Catalpa bungei.
Effects of Land Uses on Soil Organic Carbon and Carbon Pool Management Index
TANG Guo-yong, LI Kun, SUN Yong-yu, ZHANG Chun-hua
2011, 24(6): 754-759.
Abstract:
Carbon management index (ICM) is used to evaluate the scientificity of soil management. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and readily oxidized carbon (ROC) contents under Leucaena leucocephala stand, Acacia glauca stand, Acacia auriculiformis stand, Azadirachta indica stand, wasteland and dry cropland were determined and their ICM were calculated. The results showed that the SOC and ROC contents under the 6 land use types were 4.22-5.92 g·kg-1 and 1.34-2.33 g·kg-1, respectively. No significant differences in SOC contents among these land uses were observed. The ROC contents under the 4 types of woodland, however, were significantly higher than these under dry cropland or wasteland (PPR2 is 66.3%) with SOC. Compared with wasteland, the ICM ranged from 1.77 to 2.36 under these woodlands, and 0.99 under dry cropland. It is revealed that the litter quantity and land management under these land uses may be the key factors resulting in the variation of ROC. At ecological fragile region of Dry-hot Valley, closure management is useful to sequestrate C in woodland soils. However, the management systems for soil carbon pool under dry cropland are not in a sound way.
Preliminary Study on Drought Resistance of Four Broadleaved Seedlings under Water Stress in South China
SHI Xiao-ling, XUE Li, REN Xiang-rong, FENG Hui-fang, ZHENG Wei-guo, FU Jing-dan
2011, 24(6): 760-767.
Abstract:
The drought resistance of Michelia macclurei, Elaeocarpus sylvestris,Schima superba and Castanopsis fissa seedlings was studied under artificial simulated water stress by using PEG-6000. The results are as follows: With the water stress increasing, the decrease of relative water contents in leaves of M. macclurei and S. superba seedlings was relatively small, followed by E. sylvestris, whereas that of C. fissa was the largerest. The relative conductivities of leaves of M. macclurei and S. superba seedlings increased slightly, followed by E. sylvestris, whereas that of the C. fissa increased greatly. The contents of free proline in leaves of M. macclurei and S. superba changed a little, whereas those of E. sylvestris and C. fissa increased significantly compared to the controls. The contents of soluble sugar in leaves of the four seedlings tended to increase with increasing stress intensity;the chlorophyll contents in leaves of the four seedlings fluctuated slightly with increasing stress intensity; the activities of SOD in leaves of M. macclurei and S. superba seedlings were significantly greater than that of the controls, and that of E. sylvestris was significantly smaller than the control, whereas that of C. fissa seedling was close to the control under severe stress with 36 hours. The content of MDA slightly increased for M. macclurei seedling, significantly increased for E. sylvestris seedling, kept steady for S. superba seedling and greatly increased for C. fissa seedling. The drought resistance of the four seedlings was evaluated with principal component analysis, indicating that their drought resistance was in the order of t S. superba>M. macclurei>E. sylvestris>C. fissa.
Hazard Analysis of Anoplophora chinensis and Early Comprehensive Selection of Betula alnoides Provenances in Northern Guangdong Province
ZHAO Zhi-gang, ZHANG Chao-bin, QIU Ying-hua, GUO Jun-jie, HE Yong-jia, WENG Qi-jie, ZENG Jie
2011, 24(6): 768-773.
Abstract:
Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham. Ex D.Don is a fast-growing and precious tree species in tropical and warm subtropical regions. The wood borer damage has recently been one of key factors limiting the large-scale expansion of B. alnoides plantations. A trial including 26 provenances and 322 families were established at Shaoguan State-owned Forest Farm in northern Guangdong Province, which were suffered from heavy damage of wood borers within two years after planted. The growth performance and resistances to wood borers of B. alnoides were investigated for the purpose of early selection of germplasm. The results showed that there were significant differences among provenances in height and base diameter (PB. alnoides. Anoplophora chinensis (Förster) was the principal species of wood borer, which damaged trunk within the height of 20 cm above stem base. 1-5 larva of this species were found on each tree attacked, and the attack rate by A. chinensis was significantly and positively related to the diameter growth (P<0.05). The attack rate showed no significant difference among provenances (P>0.05), and the mean attack rates for one-year-old and two-year-old B. alnoides trees were 48.21% and 36.27%, respectively. Early selection of B. alnoides provenance was carried out based on its growth performance and the attack rate by the wood borers. These findings could be contributive to understand the occurrence of A. chinensis, protect from its damage, and provide evidences to select germplsm of B. alnoides with good growth performance and strong resistance to A. chinensis in northern Guangdong and surrounding areas with similar environment.
Fruits Diversity of Elaeagnus mollis Natural Populations in Shanxi Province
ZHAO Han, ZHANG Hua-xin, LI Feng-ming, LIU Zheng-xiang, ZHANG Ting-yi, DU Xiao-yang
2011, 24(6): 774-778.
Abstract:
The fruits and seeds from four Elaeagnus mollis natural populations were collected in Pinglu, Xipo, Yaxia, and Ganquan as materials. The nested design was used to analyze the variation law and pattern of six phenotypic traits of E. mollis fruits and seeds from four natural distributed provenances. It showed that extremely significant differences were found among provenances in fruits length, seeds length, fruits length/fruits width and seeds length/seeds width. Difference in fruits width and seeds width were not remarkable among populations. The phenotypic differentiation coefficient of populations were 8.51% (fruits length), 0% (fruits width), 24.46% (seeds length), 1.61% (seeds width), 16.67% (fruits length/fruits width), and 29.41% (seeds length/seeds width), less than that among families in each trait. The traits of variation mainly come from the individuals.
Simultaneous Determination of Paclitaxel in Hazelnut by HPLC-MS/MS
LUO Fan, FEI Xue-qian, TANG Fu-bin, LI Xin-lei
2011, 24(6): 779-783.
Abstract:
Established method by reverse phase HPLC and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) analysis and hazelnut extract trace of taxol. Through the research, seven mass spectrum characteristics of taxol compounds were contested, and the taxanes database was initially established. It was found that the paciltaxel contents were 23.65 μg·mL-1 and 4.09 μg·mL-1 in leaves and stems respectively. The paciltaxel contents in different parts of hazelnut was slightly different, which were 0.61, 0.23 and 0.35 μg·mL-1 in hazel branch, leaf and leather. With these data it can quickly identify the known paclitaxel compounds in hazelnut extract, and can perform the unknown structure analysis to certain degrees. This analysis method is confirmed sensitive, reliable and fast.
Economic Benefit Analysis of 28-year-old Mytilaria laosensis Plantations in Daqingshan, Guangxi of China
BAI Ling-hai, TANG Ji-xin, MING An-gang, CAI Dao-xiong
2011, 24(6): 784-787.
Abstract:
In this paper, on the basis of the survey of 3 standard sample plots and the stem analysis of 7 trees, and collecting the local technical economic indicators, the replacement cost method was used and the economic indicators of average annual profit, net present value and internal rate of return were selected to evaluate the economic benefits of 28-year-old Mytilaria plantation in Fubo Experimental Field, Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry, which locates at Pingxiang city of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The results showed that: With the increase of forest age, the annual profits could increase every year, the average annual profit and revenue of the 28th year were respectively as high as 155 366 yuan·hm-2 and 5 549 yuan·hm-2; the investment became profitable in the 15th year, as a whole net present value increased at first then declined, the peak appeared in the 23rd year; the movement of internal revenue was similar to that of the net present, rising firstly and then declining, the peak appeared in the 18th year; based on the maximum net present basis for determining, the economic maturity age of Mytilaria plantation was in the 23rd year, when the average annual profit, net present value and internal rate of return were respectively reached 4 593 yuan·hm-2, 11 392 yuan·hm-2, and 11.4%. This means the management of Mytilaria plantation can obtain higher economic return.
Effects of Root-inducing Regulator, Propagation Medium and Season on Rooting of Betula alnoides Cuttings
GUO Wen-fu, MENG Cai-lan
2011, 24(6): 788-791.
Abstract:
The cuttings from scion plucking orchard were used to test the combinations of cutting shoots with root-inducing regulators, media and cutting seasons in order to study the effects of different root-inducing regulators (ABT6 and IBA) and their concentrations, the lignifying degree of cutting shoots, the media types and propagation seasons on rooting ability, rooting number per shoot and rooting length of Betula alnoides. The result showed that tremendous significant differences were observed among different treatments, and the rooting percentage could be higher than 96.67% under the optimal cutting measure when conducted in the season of summer or autumn by using young shoots with apical bud as cutting shoots, treated with a higher concentration of ABT6 and IBA (800-1 000 mg·kg-1), and planting in the organic light medium which consisted of 80% carbonized pine bark.
The Biology of Troides helena spilotia Rothschild and the Preliminary Study of Its Large-scale Breeding
CHEN Ren-li, CAI Wei-jing, ZHOU Tie-feng, ZHAO Can-nan, DU Wen-chang, GU Mao-bin
2011, 24(6): 792-796.
Abstract:
The largest and most precious Chinese butterfly Troides helena spilotia Rothschild is occurring all year round with overlapping 6 generations in Hainan Jianfengling forest each year. The appropriate growth temperature for it is 25-30 ℃, and the humidity is 70%-80%. Large-scale artificial breeding of Troides helena spilotia Rothschild need to comply with the requirements of their breeding rooms by planting host plants for their eggs. Dilution of the concentration of honey and water is 10%-15% in summer and 5% in winter; the eggs should be moisturizing when collecting indoor and outdoor. The larvae should be transferred to the host plants planted in the field with net bags; and transfer them to different host plants timely according to their instars and food intake; the indoor population density should be controlled. Due to the 4-5 instars larvae will ingest a great deal of food, they need to be fed 3 times a day in the morning, afternoon and the evening. The ways to suspend the pupa when feeding indoor and outdoor vary according to the breeding facilities. The pupa should be collected and put in the emergence room and hung them up according to their natural shape. The suitable temperature for it is 25-28 ℃, and humidity is 60%-80%.