• 中国中文核心期刊
  • 中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库来源期刊
  • 中国科技论文统计源期刊(CJCR)
  • 第二届国家期刊奖提名奖

2014 Vol. 27, No. 3

Display Method:
Genetic Diversity of Populus laurifolia and Populus nigra Along Erqis River
ZHENG Shu-xing, ZHANG Jian-guo, HE Cai-yun, BAO Er-jiang, DUAN Ai-guo, ZENG Yan-fei, SAI Li-ke
2014, 27(3): 295-301.
Abstract:
The genetic diversity and population genetic differentiation of Populus laurifolia and P.nigra distributed along Erqis River were studied by using nuclear microsatellite markers (SSR). The results showed that the P. laurifolia and P. nigra populations had an abundant genetic diversity, especially P. laurifolia. Higher gene flow (Nm=10.0585) was found in P.nigra than in P.laurifolia, which prevented the genetic differentiation among populations. It was found that 97.57% genetic variation resulted from intra-populations. In addition, there existed a higher heterozygosity in P. laurifolia and P. nigra populations, and many genetic coefficients of populations were smaller than those of species. The inbreeding coefficients among populations were negative, indicating that all SSR loci investigated were deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at the level of individuals and populations, which suggested that excess of heterozygotes was present in the population.
Uniform Angle Index (W) Confidence Interval of the Random Distribution and Its Application
HU Yan-bo, HUI Gang-ying, WANG Hong-xiang, LI Yuan-fa, ZHAO Zhong-hua, LIU Wen-zhen
2014, 27(3): 302-308.
Abstract:
The Uniform angle index(W) method is a parameter analyzing forest spatial structure through describing the evenness of neighboring trees around reference tree to judge the distribution pattern of trees. 80 000 simulated randomly distributed stands were analyzed, and it was found that the standard deviation of the mean value of the W (W) of those stands was mainly influenced by the tree number of simulation (N), while the simulation window size was not so important for the result. The tree number of simulation related closely to the standard deviation of W, the fewer the former are, the larger the latter will be. Moreover, the standard deviation decreased with the tree number of simulation. Such relationship can be well expressed by the power function σW=0.210 34N-0.488 72, and the correlation index R2 was up to 0.998. Based on the normal distribution principle in statistics, a confidence interval was established for the W of the Random Distribution stands, and the 95% confidence limit is 0.5±1.96σW=0.5±1.96×0.210 34N-0.488 72, while the 99% confidence limit is 0.5±2.58σW=0.5±2.58×0.210 34N-0.488 72. When the σW of a stand or a specific population is within the established confidence interval [WLd, WLu], then it should be described as a random distribution on relevant confidence level, and clustered distribution should be judged if W > WLu, while uniform distribution if W WLd.
Study on Mean Forest Canopy Height Estimation Based on ICESat-GLAS Waveforms
LIU Mei-shuang, XING Yan-qiu, WU Hong-bo, YOU Hao-tian
2014, 27(3): 309-315.
Abstract:
Taking Wangqing Forestry Bureau of Jilin Province as the study area, a regression model for mean forest canopy height was established using ICESat-GLAS (the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation-Geoscience Laser Altimeter System) waveform metrics, with the predicted accuracy of 84.05%. By the method of inverse distance weighted (IDW), the interpolation calculation for ICESat-GLAS estimated mean forest canopy height was carried out and the preliminary CHM (Canopy Height Model) was achieved accordingly with continuous spatial distribution. The adjusted CHM was produced by corrected and smoothed preliminary CHM using slopes and differential filter (with 3×3 windows) respectively, and the predicted accuracy was up to 91.52%. The study results indicated that the method of slope correction and differential filter was able to reduce the influence of slope and remove the outliers effectively for CHM, and improve the predicted accuracy consequently.
Family Variation and Selection of Growth and Quality Characteristics of 5-Year-Old Schima superba Seedlings
XIN Na-na, ZHANG Rui, FAN Hui-hua, CHEN Kang, XU You-ming, ZHOU Zhi-chun
2014, 27(3): 316-322.
Abstract:
The family tests including about 140 Schima superba families at the age of five were conducted at Jian'ou of Fujian and Yongfeng of Jiangxi to reveal the genetic variation and the interaction of family and site for the growth and stem form quality characteristics. The result of variance analysis showed that there existed significant differences in growth and stem form quality characteristics among the families tested. The differences in the interaction effect of family and site were also significant except for the biggest branch angle in the third group. The tree height, DBH and crown width in two locations were under moderate to strong genetic control, and the family heritability was 0.36-0.87. The family heritability of other characteristics were relatively low in the overall level and under moderate to weak genetic control. There was an extremely significant positive correlation among tree height, DBH, and crown width. The genetic correlation coefficient was 0.572-0.928. The biggest branch size also had an extremely significant positive correlation with tree height and DBH, so it is needed to strengthen the pruning in the early period of forest management to cultivate high quality timber. Based on the tree height, 24 Schima superba families from Jian'ou of Fujian and 17 families from Yongfeng of Jiangxi were selected as early-fast-growing families.
Cloning and Expression Characteristics of Pinus massoniana pmCaM Response to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Infection
XU Liang, LIU Zhen-yu, LÜ Quan, LIANG Jun, ZHANG Xing-yao
2014, 27(3): 323-328.
Abstract:
Pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is believed to be the most destructive disease of pine species, causing significant economic and ecological losses around the world. Calmodulin (CaM) is a major calcium-binding messenger protein expressed in all eukaryotic cells. A cDNA sequence of CaM was cloned from Masson pine (P. massoniana) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods, and named as pmCaM. And the pmCaM expression characteristics response to pine wood nematode infection was checked by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The sequence analysis showed that the pmCaM consisted of an opening reading frame of 450 bp, encoded a protein of 149 aa containing four EF-hand domains and having the typical features of calmodulin. The comparison analysis showed that pmCaM shared high homology with CaMs from other plants. Real-time PCR analysis showed that 30 180 min post-PWD inoculation, pmCaM genes in root, stem and leaf of pine seedling were all down-regulated expression, but the times for significantly down-regulated expression of pmCaM were difference among different organs; specific fluctuate characteristics of pmCaM expression amount along with time development were appeared in root, stem and leaf, and the pmCaM expression amount peaked in root and stem 45 min post-PWD inoculation. This study showed that the expression of pmCaM was response to PWD infection, and inferred that the pmCaM in pine may play an important role in the regulation of calcium signal response early interaction between pine wood nematode with Masson pine.
Visualized Simulation of Interactive Thinning in Chinese Fir Plantation Based on Workflow Technique
LI Yong-liang, JU Hong-bo, ZHANG Huai-qing, JIANG Xian, LIU Hai, QIN Yang-ping
2014, 27(3): 329-334.
Abstract:
Huangfengqiao State-owned Forest Farm in Hu'nan Province was selected as a test zone, and a Chinese fir plantation as the research object. The DBH, height, crown width and location were measured. Based on defining the growth models, analyzing forest structure and establishing thinning models with workflow technique, a visualized workflow model which could express the interactive relationship among stand growth, stand structure and stand thinning was built in graphical form by using human-computer interaction mode based on the workflow technique and realized the visual simulation of the interactive thinning. The stand structure, 2-D state and 3-D scene were simulated by using the GDI+ method and the MOGRE technique. The results showed that the interactive relationship among stand growth, stand structure and stand thinning was intuitively simulated and the operability of this method designed for the manager was better, and that the stand structure, 2-D state and 3-D scene were realistically simulated around thinning time. The visual simulation of the interactive thinning can visually simulate the process and effect of thinning and the future state of stand, and can monitor the thinning in real time and promote the computerized management of thinning.
Small RNA Analysis Using High-Throughput Sequencing and Virus Investigation in Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)
FAN Chun-jie, WANG Hui, LU Meng-zhu
2014, 27(3): 335-340.
Abstract:
The leaves of Phyllostachys edulis were harvested for RNA extraction, a sRNA library was constructed and sequenced by using the Solexa high-throughput sequencing technology. Bioinformatics was performed to identify the sRNAs and viruses. RT-PCR and RACE techniques were explored to identify and confirm the viruses or viroid in bamboo. The assembly of sRNA in all samples revealed that a sequence which covered 91.0% of rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) genome existed widely in bamboo samples. Meanwhile, 1 992bp DNA sequence which covered 24.9% of RTBV completed genome was amplified and no polymorphism was observed in this samples. It concluded that RTBV virus may exist in planta in ancient time and was late integrated into the plant genomes against the RTBV infection.
High Carbon Content Larch (Larix olgensis) Provenances Selection
JIA Qing-bin, ZHANG Han-guo, YAO Yu, ZHU Hang-yong
2014, 27(3): 341-348.
Abstract:
Taking 31-year-old larch (Larix olgensis) provenance test plantation as object, the non-destructive sampling method was used to compare the carbon content of wooden core sample at the height of 1.3 m and the average carbon content of the whole trunk. It was found that there was an obvious linear relationship between them. By regression analysis, a linear equation, y=0.908 2x+4.379 4, R2 is 0.842 5, was derived. The fitting degree of the equation reached the desired level. The result showed that the average rate of carbon content in trunk could be calculated by using the carbon content of wood core sample at the height of 1.3 m. The analysis methods used in this study include variance analysis, multiple comparisons and correlation analysis. The superior provenances of high carbon content were selected and the variations in growth traits, timber characters, biomass of trunk and carbon content were analyzed. The results showed that variation in biomass and carbon content of the wood were significant, the coefficients of variations for both were 21.33% and 21.30%. The results of correlation analysis showed that the carbon content was significantly and positively correlated with the growth traits and biomass. According to these results, the authors analyzed the data by the theory of variance analysis and Duncan method. Two provenances, XBH and BDS, were chosen as the best provenances. The mean carbon content values of XBH and BDS were 74.38 kg and 69.27 kg respectively, and the mean value of these two provenances was higher than the overall mean value by 27.83%. The carbon content of XBH was higher than that of the CK and the provenance LSH (with the least carbon content) by 60.00% and 47.8%, and higher than the mean value of all the provenances by 28.3%.
Association Analysis of Polymorphisms in PnEXPA1 Gene with Carbon Isotope Ratios in Black Poplar (Populus nigra L.)
ZHANG Wei-xi, CHU Yan-guang, HUANG Qin-jun, ZHANG Bing-yu, DING Chang-jun, SU Xiao-hua
2014, 27(3): 349-355.
Abstract:
The authors report an association study of SNP polymorphisms in a α-expansin gene PnEXPA1 with stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) in Populus nigra. In total, 11 SNP loci were genotyped with SNaPshot technology which indicates that homozygous genotype is more commonly ocurred for each individul with higher allele frequency. Association analysis under ANOVA and GLM methods revealed that SNP8 and SNP12 were associated with δ13C values. SNP8 was a synonymous mutation located in exon 1 and could explain 6.620% of genetic variation of trait, while SNP12 positioned in intron1 and contributed to 6.613% of genetic variation of trait. These two SNPs, together with SNP 9 and SNP13, were located in a haplotype block with higher LD levels. Clones with TT homozygous at SNP8 and SNP12 were found to have higher values of δ13C. These results provide insights into the molecular basis of the effects of PnEXPA1 on genetic variation of water use efficiency (WUE), as well as genic marker assisted breeding in poplar.
Effects of Glucose Addition on Soil Nitrogen Transformation and Net Mineralization and Nitrification in Chinese Fir Plantation
MA Hong-liang, WEI Chun-lan, LI Lei, GAO Ren, YIN Yun-feng, YANG Yu-sheng
2014, 27(3): 356-362.
Abstract:
In view of the significant role of litter played in regulating forest soil nitrogen transformation, simulating the influence of matrix carbon sources on nitrogen transform in the subtropical coniferous forest acid soil is helpful to deeply understand the mechanism between carbon and nitrogen. The effects of glucose addition (as C of 0, 100, 300, 1 000, 2 000, and 5 000 mg·kg-1) on soil nitrogen content, nitrogen mineralization and nitrification were studied in the soil under subtropical Chinese fir plantation. The results showed that the glucose addition reduced the soil inorganic nitrogen content and proportion in total soluble nitrogen, and the nitrate nitrogen decreased more than ammonium nitrogen; but the decrease of soluble organic nitrogen (SON) and pH was not found, even the ratio of SON in total soluble nitrogen increased. Glucose addition decreased the net nitrogen mineralization and the nitrification rates for nitrogen mineralization were inhibited. The results showed that hydrophilic nitrogen proportion decreased significantly with the addition of glucose, which was related to nitrogen immobilization and transformation to result in the enhancement of SON proportion. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significantly negative linear relationship (R2 = 0.902) between the proportions of nitrate and dissolved organic nitrogen in the total nitrogen of the extract from soil, which indirectly give a evidence of glucose likely promoting the nitrate retaining and transformation by microorganisms involved in soil. The research discovered that the glucose amount (as C) of 1 000 mg ·kg-1 was the threshold affecting the nitrogen transforms in forest soil under subtropical Chinese fir plantation.
Canopy Shape Simulation of Chinese Fir Plantation Based on Simple Competition Index
QIN Yang-ping, ZHANG Huai-qing, CHEN Yong-fu, JIANG Xian, LI Yong-liang
2014, 27(3): 363-366.
Abstract:
The middle-aged Chinese fir stands of Huangfengqiao State-owned Forest Farm in Youxian County of Hunan Province were studied. In order to simulate the shape of individual tree canopy, stepwise regression method was used to build an estimation model. In the model, a function taking individual tree size and individual tree competition index as variables, the crown width and crown length as dependent variables was involved. The result showed that when simulating the shape of Chinese fir canopy, the determination coefficient (R2) of competition-related crown width model and competition-related crown length model were 0.771 and 0.872, which were significantly higher than that of competition-unrelated model (which were 0.729 and 0.811), which indicated that the competition had a significant effect on the growth of canopy.
Research on Branching and Photosynthetic Utilization of Oil-tea Camellia with Different Tree Shapes
CAO Yong-qing, YAO Xiao-hua, WANG Kai-liang, LONG Wei, LIN Ping, REN Hua-dong
2014, 27(3): 367-373.
Abstract:
The branching, photosynthetic utilization and the response to pruning of oil-tea camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel.) with different tree shapes were studied. The results showed that the tree shape index of selected oil-tea camellia clones was between 0.72 and 1.33 in the sequence of ‘changlin175’>‘changlin40’>‘changlin53’>‘changlin4’>‘changlin46’. The tree shape of ‘changlin175’ and ‘changlin40’ belonged to upright type due to their higher tree shape index and the‘changlin4’and‘changlin46’ were open type. "changlin53" was moderate. The branching number, length of shoot, new leaves ratio, net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency (WUE) were higher in the upper layer of canopy than that in lower and inner layer of canopy. With the increase of tree shape index, the length of shoot, new leaves ratio, net photosynthetic rate and WUE increased at initial stage and then decreased, and the difference of branching number, new leaves ratio among different parts of canopy became bigger, while the difference of shoot length became smaller. The length of shoot, new leaves ratio, net photosynthetic rate were the highest in ‘changlin53’ whose tree shape index was moderate. The diurnal variation of PAR reflectivity in oil-tea camellia showed an upward trend after the first drop and the diurnal variation of PAR interception rate was opposite. The upright type ‘changlin175’ showed higher PAR reflectivity and lower PAR interception rate than that of open type ‘changlin4’. The branching number of upright type oil-tea camellia clones decreased significantly, while the branching number and shoot length of inner layer canopy of open type oil-tea camellia clones increased significantly after the treatment of pruning. The PAR interception rate decreased and the net photosynthetic rate and WUE of inner layer canopy increased apparently after pruning treatment.
Cloning and Expression Analysis of Full Length cDNA of Actin Gene from Camellia lipoensis
XIAO Zheng, LI Ji-yuan, FAN Zheng-qi, YIN Heng-fu
2014, 27(3): 374-380.
Abstract:
In this study, the actin gene was cloned from the stems of Camellia lipoensis using RT-PCR and RACE methods. The full length of the actin gene, named ClActin1, was 1 631 bp (GenBank accession No.KF366912), which contains a 1 134 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 377 amino acid residues, contains a 5'-UTR with 90 bp and 3'-UTR with 407 bp. The putative protein molecular weight is 41.69 kD and its theoretical isoelectric point is 5.31. The sequence includes actin superfamily domain and the characteristic actin family signature sequences. Homologous alignment shows that it shares over 82% of nucleotide identities and over 97% of amino acid identities with actins from other plants in GenBank. The phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of amino acid sequences suggests that the relationship of actins from C. lipoensis is most intimate with that from C. sinensis and Populus trichocarpa. The results from the analysis on tissue specific expression show that the endogenous actin gene expression level in the root, stem, leaf and seed of C. lipoensis is identical. It can be served as inner control to determine the relative expression amount of target genes from Camellia plants.
Effects of Water Stress on Seedling Growth and Biomass Allocation of Toona ciliata var. pubescens
SUN Hong-gang, LIU Jun, DONG Ru-xiang, JIANG Jing-min, DIAO Song-feng, LI Yan-jie
2014, 27(3): 381-387.
Abstract:
Toona ciliata var. pubescens is a native and widespread dominant deciduous broad-leaf tree in the subtropical region of China. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of water stress on the growth, biomass partition and root characteristic index of 1-year-old T. ciliata var. pubescens seedlings. The seedlings grew under well-watered and water stressed conditions which were imposed by controlling the water supply. The results showed that the water stress had a negative significant effect on the root growth, but no effect on the growth of ground diameter was found. The root mass ratio increased in the beginning, and then decreased. The leaf mass ratio increased at the early and medium water stress period, and decreased at later and terminal water stress period. The shoot mass ratio increased from beginning to end. The average root diameter decreased gradually from the medium to the later water stress period, and then increased at terminal water stress period. However, the ratio of fine root to total root length increased gradually from the medium to the later water stress period, and then decreased at terminal water stress period. The water stress has a significant effect on the root tip numbers. Therefore, the water supply is satisfied with the aboveground organ growth demand as the priority at the cost of limiting root growth under the water stress conditions. Defoliation and the secondary root growth were used to alleviate water stress pressure and improve water absorption efficiency.
Immunomodulatory and Antitumor Activities of Polysaccharide from Chinese White Wax Scale
FENG Ying, HE Zhao, LI Xian, CHENG Zhi-yong, SUN Long
2014, 27(3): 388-392.
Abstract:
The immunomodulatory and antitumor activities of crude polysaccharide (Cwps) and purified polysaccharide(Pwps)extracted from Chinese white wax scale were investigated in vivo and in vitro. The immunomodulatory effect of Cwps and Pwps were evaluated by carbon particle clearance index, thymus index and spleen index in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. The inhibition rates of Chinese white wax scale polysaccharide on sarcoma 180 tumor in vivo and human leukemia, lung cancer, gastric cancer and hepatoma cell lines in vitro were observed. The results showed that both the Cwps and Pwps could increase phagocytic index significantly, but had no influence on thymus index and spleen index. The growth of S180 cell was significantly inhibited by Cwps in vivo, but both Cwps and Pwps didn't exhibited direct cytotoxic activities for four kinds tested tumor cells in vitro. The result indicated that antitumor properties of Chinese white wax scale polysaccharide might be achieved by improving immune response in vivo.
Studies on Fundatrix Emergence Period, Quantitative Change and Autumn Migrant Reproductivity of Chinese Horned Gall Aphid, Schlechtendalia chinensis
TANG Yi-feng, YANG Zi-xiang, MA Lin, LIU Ping
2014, 27(3): 393-399.
Abstract:
Chinese horned gall aphid, Schlectendalia chinensis, is a major species of Chinese gallnut aphids. Like other Rhus gall aphids, S. chinensis has six forms in its life cycle, including autumn migrant, overwintering larva, spring migrant, sexuale, fundatrix, and fundatrigenia. The spring migrants produce sexuale then fundatrix after mating in the processing of gallnut aphid artificial rearing. The fundatrix performs key role since it is the gall former among all forms. Its emergence periods and quantitative changes were observed in different preservation conditions. The results showed that the fundatrices emerged from April 19th to 22nd, March 31st to April 4th and April 7th to 10th, when the spring migrant bags were preserved in Emei (the natural distribution area), laboratory and basement of Kunming under room temperature, respectively. There were 19 days and 12 days ahead of time comparing to its natural distribution area when they were preserved respectively in laboratory and basement of Kunming. Generally, the fundatrix emergence period lasted for 4 or 5 days and the emergence amount within the middle 1 to 2 days may constitute more than 70% of the whole amount. The peak emergence time happened at 10:00-16:00 and its amount may account more than 80% of the daily emergence amount. Furthermore, new fundatrix has phototaxis to both the sunshine and light. In addition, the autumn migrant also plays an important role because it is the transfer type from its primary host, Rhus chinensis, to the secondary host, Plagiomnium maximovicgii. The results of the experiments indicated that the density, oviposition amount and fecundity of autumn migrant of middle size gall with the average size of 28.2±0.8 cm3 were 387.7±52.3 adults·cm-3, 26.4±3.8 larvae and 27.6±4.2 eggs, increased by 46.7%, 24.5% and 23.8% respectively compared to the small size gall with the average size of 5.4±0.3 cm3. The producing time of autumn migrant were more concentrated and lasted shortly when its winter host mosses were presented. The autumn migrants flying at 14:00 and 18:00 began to produce larvae after migration, then reached to the peak after 4 hours and the whole producing times lasted for 30 hours and 28 hours, respectively. However, the migrants flying at 8:00 began to produce larvae 2 hours after migration, then reached to the peak after 16 hours and the whole producing time lasted for 36 hours.
A New Species of Acantholyda Costa (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) from China
WU Xing-yu, XIN Heng, YANG Qi-qing
2014, 27(3): 400-402.
Abstract:
Acantholyda xanthogaster Wu & Xin, sp. nov., a new species of Pamphiliidae is described from Qinghai Province, China. The type specimens of the new species are respectively deposited in the Insect Collection of Forest Diseases and Pest Control & Quarantine Station of Qinzhou District, Gansu, China and the Insect Collection of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hu'nan, China.
Stigma Receptivity and Characteristics of Pollen Tube Growth of Corylus kweichowensis
HUO Hong-liang, ZHANG Ri-qing, MA Qing-hua, ZHAO Tian-tian, LIANG Li-song, WANG Gui-xi
2014, 27(3): 403-409.
Abstract:
This study is to determine the optimum receptive period of the stigma, the feasible pollination method, the suitable pollination environment for the cross breeding of Corylus. Taking C. kweichowensis as experiment material, C. heterophylla and C. heterophylla × C. avellana as control groups, the female inflorescences were pollinated with mixed pollen of C. kweichowensis, C. heterophylla and C. heterophylla × C. avellana at different blooming periods, using different pollination methods and under different environments. The pollinated female inflorescences were excised at different time, the pollen adhesion number, germination rate and the pollen tube were observed by fluorescent microscopy. The results showed that the descending order of the stigma receptivity of C. kweichowensis in different blooming periods was florescence period > terminal florescence period > red dot period. The stigma receptivity of loose inflorescences was higher than that of the straight cluster inflorescences. The method of parallel brush pollination was more efficient than the method of point pollination. When the pollinated inflorescences were incubated in a petri dish with double-layer wet filter paper, both the germination and growth speeds of pollen tubes were faster than that in the greenhouse and the field, indicating that humid and mild environment was more suitable for the adhesion and germination of the pollen, as well as the pollen tube growth of C. kweichowensis. The temperature and humidity and the germplasm of the pollinated inflorescences had important effects on the germination of the pollen. The speed of pollen tube growth was strongly influenced by environmental temperature and humidity, but had nothing to do with germplasm.
Study of Litter Layers’ Water Retention Capacity under Different Forest Communities in the Lashi Lake Catchment, Lijiang City, Yunnan Province, China
ZHAO Yi-he, LAI Jian-dong, YANG Yu-ming, YANG Shi-yu, TIAN Kun, GUAN Wei, WANG Zhi-hui
2014, 27(3): 410-416.
Abstract:
The volumes and water retention capacity of the litter layers under six forest communities in the Lashi Lake Catchment, Li Jiang City, Yunnan Province were measured. The result showed that Quercus pannosa forest had the highest litter volume (22.45 t·hm-2); and the Pinus yunnanensis forest had the lowest (6.54 t·hm-2). For all the six forest types, the litter volumes of decomposed and semi-decomposed layers were generally higher than that of the un-decomposed layer. The same was true for water retention capacity except the Populus yunnanensis forest, which was in descending order the Quercus pannosa forest, the Picea likiangensis forest, the Pinus yunnanensis+Quercus pannosa+rhododendron mixed forest, the Quercus aquifolioides forest, the Populus yunnanensis forest and the Pinus yunnanensis forest. The water absorption rates of litter would gradually decrease over waterlogging time. And the processes would significantly slowdown after 2-4 hours and eventually reach saturation. The water absorption rates and water storage capacity of the decomposed and semi-decomposed layers were also larger than that of the un-decomposed layer. The water storage capacities of litter layer of the six forests were in the order from high to low: the Quercus pannosa forest, the Picea likiangensis forest, the Pinus yunnanensis+Quercus pannosa+rhododendron mixed forest, the Quercus aquifolioides forest, the Populus yunnanensis forest and the Pinus yunnanensis forest. And their depths of rainfall storage were respectively 6.70, 4.12, 3.68, 3.30, 2.12 and 1.66 mm.
Hydrological Effects of Litters and Soil under Different Forests in Jiulongshan of Beijing
WU Di, XIN Xue-bing, ZHAO Ming-yang, PEI Shun-xiang, KONG Ying
2014, 27(3): 417-422.
Abstract:
The hydrological effects of litter layer and soil water of three kinds of pure forest stands in Jiulongshan were studied. The results showed that the total litter storage capacity of Cotinus coggygria pure forest was the largest (13.15 t·hm-2), followed by Pinus tabuliformis pure forest (12.50 t·hm-2), while that of Platycladus orientalis pure forest (9.53 t·hm-2) was the minimum. The maximum water-holding capacity and the modified interception amount of C. coggygria pure forest were 28.73 t·hm-2 and 23.17 t·hm-2 respectively, while that of P. orientalis pure forest were only 12.67 t·hm-2 and 10.17 t·hm-2 respectively. The water-holding capacity of undecomposed litter got saturated in 10 hours, while the duration of semi-decomposed litter was 8 hours. The water absorption rate of the litter in undecomposed and semi-decomposed layers kept the highest for the initial 2 hours, and got stabilized after 4 hours. The water-holding capacity and immersion time of different litter layers followed a functional relation, so as the litter layers water absorption rate and the immersion time. The average soil bulk densities of P. orientalis pure forest, P. tabuliformis pure forest and C. coggygria pure forest were 1.30 g·cm-3, 1.23 g·cm-3, and 1.08 g·cm-3 respectively. The total soil porosities of C. coggygria pure forest, P. tabuliformis pure forest and C. coggygria pure forest were 49.63%, 49.49%, and 47.44% respectively. The soil effective water-holding capacities of, P. orientalis pure forest, P. tabuliformis pure forest and C. coggygria pure forest were 96.53 t·hm-2, 88.23 t·hm-2, and 69.00 t·hm-2. The relationship between soil infiltration rate and infiltration time was studied by fitting analysis, and the results showed that the relationship could be described by using the power function and all values of R2 were greater than 0.90.
Effects of Drought Stress on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Aegiceras corniculatum
DIAO Jun-ming, ZENG Xian-lu, CHEN Gui-zhu
2014, 27(3): 423-428.
Abstract:
Taking 3-year-old Aegiceras corniculatum as test material, and 4 gradients of simulated soil drought (soil moisture 100%, 70%—80%, 40%—50% and 20%—30%,) were set to study the effect of drought stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of A. corniculatum. The results indicated that as the severity of drought increased, the number of fallen leaves increased significantly while the survival rate of A. corniculatum decreased significantly; the activity of nitrate reductase declined gradually, the contents of free proline, soluble protein, malondialdehyde and membrane permeability in leaf all showed a trend of rise with the increase of drought stress severity, whereas the chlorophyll content, SOD activity, POD activity and root activity showed a trend of rising first then declining. In conclusion, A. corniculatum is able to grow well on freshwater land with a range of soil moisture of 70%—80%, but its growth and physiological characteristics will be significantly impaired by drought stress when soil moisture is below 50%.
Forest Volume Growth Prediction of Main Forest Types in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area
FU Tian, ZHU Jian-hua, XIAO Wen-fa, ZENG Li-xiong
2014, 27(3): 429-434.
Abstract:
Based on the optimal model of Richards, Logistic and Korf growth function, the age-volume growth models of main forest types in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area were estimated using nonlinear regression. By comparing the results of model-fitted statistics and accuracy test, the most suitable models for every forest type were determined. It shows that the Richards growth function has a strong adaptability, which is most suitable for Masson pine forest, Chinese fir forest, cypress forest, temperate pine forests, deciduous broad-leaved forest, coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest and mixed coniferous forest; while the Logistic or Richards model is applicable for evergreen broad-leaved forest. All the curves of forest types showed good fitting results. These results can provide references for stand growth prediction and forest management in this region.
Provenance Trial and Early Selection of Casuarina glauca in Hainan
MA Ni, ZHANG Yong, ZHONG Chong-lu, JIANG Qing-bin, CHEN Yu, CHEN Zhen, HU Pan, WANG Ren-kai
2014, 27(3): 435-440.
Abstract:
According to genetic analysis on 6 traits of 4-year-old Casuarina glauca in provenance trial which established in Lin'gao County, Hainan Province, there were significantly differences among height (H), diameter at breast height (DBH), individual volume (VOL), stem straightness(SS) and survival percentage (SP) (pppC. glauca provenances. The genetic correlation among the three growth characteristics, H, DBH and VOL was highly significant, but not among quality traits, SA, SS and SP, which showed that the three quality traits were independent from each other. In another aspect, the coefficient of variation varied from 31.5% (survival percentage) to 91.8% (height). Additionally, the mean genetic gains in the five traits were 2.1%, 1.4%, 2.2%, 0.2%, 0.2% and 6.2% respectively. By means of Smith-Hazel Index Selection and 20% selective ratio, five seedlots, G03, G02, G19, G07 and G25 were screened out as superior provenances for further tree breeding research.
Nutrient and Medicinal Components in Gnetum parvifolium Seeds
LAN Qian, LIU Jian-feng, SHI Sheng-qing, CHANG Er-mei, DENG Nan, JIANG Ze-ping
2014, 27(3): 441-444.
Abstract:
The contents of water, sugar, fatty acid, amino acids, stilbenoid and flavonoid in the seeds of Gnetum parvifolium (Warb.) C. Y. Cheng were measured. The results show that the seeds of G. parvifolium contain abundant nutritional materials. The seeds are oblong and thousand kernel weight is (2 525.67±44.54)g. The water content is (373.5±0.82)g·kg-1, the total sugar content is (496.8±4.78)g·kg-1, the total fat content is (29.1±0.21)g·kg-1, the total amino-acid content is (73.9±1.05)g·kg-1, the total flavone content is (123.2±1.73)g·kg-1; the resveratrol, isorhapontigenin and gnetol contents are (2 231.0±1.65) mg·kg-1, (1 471.7±0.72) mg·kg-1 and (212.0±1.47) mg·kg-1 respectively. The seeds contain almost all kinds of amino-acid, including 8 kinds of essential amino acids. But cystine is not found. The index of unsaturated fatty acid and the polysaccharide are high while the disaccharide, glucose and fructose in that are low. There are high contents of isorhapontigenin and total flavone in the seeds of G. parvifolium.