• 中国中文核心期刊
  • 中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库来源期刊
  • 中国科技论文统计源期刊(CJCR)
  • 第二届国家期刊奖提名奖

2015 Vol. 28, No. 2

Display Method:
A New Design of Field Trial for Forest Management Based on Stand Characteristics
ZHANG Gong-qiao, HUI Gang-ying
2015, 28(2): 145-151.
Abstract:
The traditional designs of field trials for forest management, such as sequential design, Latin square design and RBD, consider mainly on the differences in soil and other site conditions, but seldom the conditions of the stand itself. This paper proposes a new design-completely random and optimization design, which removes away the limit on randomization and provides optimization using a quantitative objective function. The design has been applied to a Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata natural forest in Xiaolongshan, Gansu Province. The difference of stand characteristics among treatments in the new design was less than 5%. This indicates a better consistency of stand state characteristics than the traditional designs. R language was used to achieve the optimal design and automatically generated the best arrangement scheme by computer. The new design can improve the accuracy of field trial for forest management and provides some references for forest management trials.
SRAP Analysis on the Effect of Geographic Isolation on Population Genetic Structure of Populus davidiana in Tibetan-inhabited Regions in Southwest China
HE Cheng-zhong, LI Jia-man, YUN Tao, ZONG Dan, ZHOU An-pei, OU Guang-long, YIN Wu-yuan
2015, 28(2): 152-157.
Abstract:
130 individuals of 9 Populus davidiana populations collected from 3 Tibetan-inhabited regions in southwest China were examined by sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers to determine the genetic structure. 99 polymorphic loci were obtained from the 9 populations using 7 selected primers, and its percentage was 59.28%. As analyzed by POPGENE soft, the average percentage of polymorphic loci (PPB=33.80%), Nei's genetic diversity (H=0.130 9) and Shannon's information index (I=0.213 7) indicated that P. davidiana distributed in Tibetan-inhabited regions in Southwest China held a lower level of genetic diversity than that of P. davidiana distributed in Northeast China. The coefficient gene differentiation (Gst) was 0.325 5, indicating more variation existed in the individuals of the populations. A weak correlation was found between geographic distance and genetic distance (r=0.349, P=94.5%), which indicated that the mountain barriers strongly influenced genetic differentiation among populations. Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetical averages cluster analyses (UPGMA) revealed that the Weixi population from Diqing region had grouped with the four populations from Ganzi region, while the Deqin and Xianggelila population from Diqing region had grouped with the two populations from Changdu region. According to the analysis on genetic structure of P. davidiana populations, it is proposed that natural population should be protected in situ, and the germplasm resources should be constructed to enhence the gene flow.
A Phylogenetic and Biogeographic Study of Acacia s.l. Species Current Distribution in China
CHENG Bei-bei, YU Xue-dan, ZHENG Yong-qi
2015, 28(2): 158-165.
Abstract:
Based on Sequences analysis of ITS-rpl16, the taxon relationships among the existing 14 species of the genus Acacia s.l. in China were examined. All the species tested were clustered into three categories. Three species native to China falled into one clade, indicating that A. instica and A. pennata are closely related and from a sister group together with A. catehu. Based on sequences analysis of matK, the taxon relationships among 40 species of the genus Acacia and 1 outgroup species were examined, indicating that: 1.The subgenera Acacia and Phyllodineae are monophyletic, while the Subg. Aculeiferum is polyphyletic. 2.The species native to China were clustered together with the African species, indicating closer relationships among them.
Screening, Identification and Security Test of Camellia oleifera Rhizosphere Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria
WANG Shu, ZHANG Lin-ping, HAO Fei-fei, ZHANG Yang, HU Dong-nan
2015, 28(2): 166-172.
Abstract:
Twenty strains of inorganic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were isolated from Camellia oleifera rhizosphere using phosphate-solubilizing circle and the molybdenum-anti-spectrophotometric method. The phosphate-solubilizing capacity was investigated from 20 strains based on qualitative and quantitative test. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between the phosphate solubilizing capacity and the pH medium(PBacillus aryabhattai. The virulence of NC285 was tested on Allium cepa and Medicago sativa seedlings, and the cblA virulence genes. No cblA gene was detected on NC285 in the test, so this strain is safe for A. cepa and M. sativa.
Microclimate Variation of Forest Gaps and Uprooted Microsites in Windthrow Area of Spruce-fir Forest
WANG Jin-ling, DUAN Wen-biao, CHEN Li-xin, WANG Ting, JING Xin, WEI Quan-shuai, DU Shan, ZHAO Ying
2015, 28(2): 173-182.
Abstract:
Three representative large, medium, and small forest gaps with pit and mound microsites formed by uprooted trees were selected within 1.5 hm2 sample plot in windthrow area of spruce-fir forest in Liangshui National Nature Reserve in Xiaoxing'anling Mountains. HOBO automatic weather stations were installed in the center of each gap. The total radiation, PAR, air temperature and relative humidity in the gap center, mound top and pit bottom of different gaps were measured between July and September, 2013, and the clearing and closed forest were set up as controls. The differences of microclimate and its dynamics change during the growing season among different gaps, as well as the mound top and pit bottom within the gaps were analyzed. The results showed that the total radiation, PAR and air temperature in the center of each gap were in the order of large gap > medium gap > small gap. In the same gap, the total radiation, PAR and air temperature on the mound top were higher than those in the pit bottom, but the air relative humidity was lower at the mound top than at the pit bottom. The monthly mean air temperature and PAR ranked in a decreasing order of July, August, and September, and mostly decreased in the order of clearing, large, medium, small and closed forest from July to September, but the air temperature of small gap was higher than that in the medium gap in September only. In the same gap, the mean daily range of air temperature ranked in a decreasing order of July, August, and September. On the same microsite (gap center, mound top, pit bottom), the mean daily range of air temperature was in a decreasing order of large gap, middle gap, and small gap. On the same month, the mean daily range of air temperature was higher on the mound top than that in the pit bottom. The mean relative humidity in all gaps decreased in the order of August, September, and July, increased in the order of clearing, large gap, medium gap, small gap, and the closed stand. The total radiation and PAR of large gap in July were significantly different compared with that in August and September. The total radiation and PAR of different-sized gaps were not significant different in September. The relative humidity in the center of large gap and the small gap from July to September were significantly different. In the same month, the differences of PAR, air relative humidity between the mound top and the pit bottom in the same gap were significant, but the differences of air temperature was not significant. Significant difference was observed in the air relative humidity, while the difference of air temperature was not significant. Whether in the same gaps or on the mound top and pit bottom, the difference of air temperature were significant.
Genetic Variation and Selection of 14-year-old Liquidambar formosana Progeny
CHEN Xiao-chou
2015, 28(2): 183-187.
Abstract:
A progeny test containing 53 open-pollinated families of Liquidambar formosana from Huangshan, southern Anhui Province, was established in Yangkou Forest Farm of Fujian Province. Base on data collected from the progeny test, the genetic variation in growth and wood quality traits of the L. formosana families were estimated, and the superior families and individuals were selected. The mean height, DBH and volume of the 14-year-old trees were 8.05 m, 6.30 cm and 0.014 93 m3, respectively. The family heritabilities for growth traits were moderate, ranging from 0.437 to 0.576. The heritabilities of individual tree for growth traits were low, ranging from 0.113 to 0.195. The family heritabilities for wood quality traits were moderate, ranging from 0.507 to 0.591. The heritabilities of individual tree for growth traits were moderate, ranging from 0.360 to 0.500. The mean tree growth of height, DBH and volume of 9 selected fast-growing families were 8.85 m, 7.22 cm and 0.021 49 m3, respectively, and their genetic gain were 2.86%, 5.47% and 13.4%. Seven families with both fast-growing and good wood properties were selected from families with wood basic density over 0.500 g·cm-3. The mean height, DBH, volume and wood basic density of the 7 families were 8.34 m, 6.79 cm, 0.018 58 m3 and 0.518 g·cm-3. The selected fast-growing families and selected families with both fast-growing and good wood properties were superior breeding material of L. formosana for plantation establishment on a large scale.
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Nests and Population of Crematogaster macaoensis Wheeler in Mutualistic Relationship
LI Ke-li, CHEN You-qing, LU Zhi-xing, ZHANG Wei, WANG Si-ming
2015, 28(2): 188-193.
Abstract:
Crematogaster macaoensis Wheeler and Kerria yunnanensis Ou et Hong form a mutualistic relationship in lac plantation. In order to explore the distribution patterns of ant nests and the spatiotemporal dynamics of ant populations, the numbers, coordinates and sizes of ant nests were investigated, and the numbers of ant nests and numbers of total workers in different months were recorded in lac plantations and controlled plantations from November 2009 to July 2010 in Yayi Town, Mojiang County, Yunnan Province. The results showed that both the numbers of ant nests and workers in lac plantation were higher than that in the controlled plantations. There were aggregated, random and over-dispersed patterns of nests in sampling sites. The frequency of random pattern in lac plantation was more than that in controlled plantation. The number of workers in lac adulthood was a little more than that in larval phase. These results suggested that the nest distribution patterns were changed, and the quantity of ant population was increased under mutualistic relationship. This research could provide a scientific reference to utilize Crematogaster macaoensis Wheeler for biological control of pests.
Growth and Physiological Response of Nitraria tangutorum to Salt Stress
NI Jian-wei, YANG Xiu-yan, ZHANG Hua-xin, WU Hai-wen, XU Xiu-yu, LIU Tao
2015, 28(2): 194-201.
Abstract:
Taking Nitraria tangutorum suspension cells as material and treated by different salt concentrations (0, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mmol·L-1 NaCl), the growth characteristics of cells and the dynamic changes and correlations of physiological indexes with time, including soluble protein, soluble sugar, proline, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA), were analyzed. The results are as follows. (1)Salt treatment could significantly affect the growth of suspension cells, the cells growth conform to the Logistic growth curve model and the growth of suspension cells treated by 100 mmol·L-1 NaCl was the fastest, and with the salt concentration increasing the growth were inhibited. (2)Salt treatment could significantly affect the physiological indexes, and at the early stages of culture all the indexes increased with the salt concentration increasing. While this trend decreased gradually with the extending of incubation time and the Proline, SOD, MDA increased in initial stage and then decreased with the salt concentration increasing in the later period of culture. Under same salt concentration, the soluble sugar got to the maximum at first in the osmotic adjustment index and the SOD got to the maximum in initial stage in the antioxidant enzymes index. And they are the first line of defensing the salt stress in osmotic adjustment and antioxidant enzymes respectively. (3)The fresh weight of suspension cells was significant and fearfully significant negatively correlated with the contents of soluble sugar and MDA. All the physiological indexes showed a significantly positive correlation. It indicated that the balance of cells internal physiological metabolic processes was regulated by various substances synergies under the salt environment.
Effect of Close-to-Nature Management on Species Diversity in a Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantation
SUN Dong-jing, WEN Yuan-guang, LUO Ying-hua, LI Xiao-qiong, ZHANG Wan-xing, MING An-gang
2015, 28(2): 202-208.
Abstract:
The study was conducted in a Cunninghamia lanceolata stand under close-to-nature management, with three different thinning densities (75%, 55%, and 35%) and three repetitions, in the Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, Pingxiang, Guangxi. Four broad-leaved species Castanopsis hystrix, Mytilaria laosensis, Castanopsis fissa and Machilus pingii were randomly inter-planted into the Cunninghamia lanceolata stand. The impact of close-to-nature management with different thinning densities on community composition, species diversity and growth status were studied. The results showed that after five years of the close-to-nature management, the number of species in tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer highly increased. The dominant species in shrub layer and herb layer varied before and after thinning operation, but they were mostly the same in different thinning intensities. In the shrub layer, there was no significant difference in diversity indexes between the thinning stands and the unthinned pure stands. In the herb layer, the diversity indexes in the thinning stands were higher than that of the unthinned pure stands, while the Simpson index and Pielous evenness index were significantly higher than the pure stand. The average DBH of Cunninghamia lanceolata was significantly increased with the thinning intensities, but no significant difference was found in tree height. The DBH and height of the broad-leaved trees grew as the thinning density increasing. Significant differences were found in the DBH and height of Castanopsis fissa and Castanopsis hystrix in different thinning intensities. Intolerant species such as Castanopsis fissa and Mytilaria laosensis, as well as neutral species Castanopsis hystrix were good for inter-planted in high thinning intensity during close-to-nature management in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation, while the shade tolerant species like Machilus pingii performed better in medium thinning stands.
Observation and Comparison of Flowering Phenology of Different Carya illinoensis Clones
CHEN Fen, YAO Xiao-hua, GAO Huan-zhang, CHANG Jun, WANG Kai-liang, Liu Qu
2015, 28(2): 209-216.
Abstract:
Flowering phenology of thirty-two Carya illinoensis clones was observed and compared. The results showed that there exited some differences in flowering phonological phase from 2011 to 2014 and the duration of blossom process of all the thirty-two clones was from April 24 to May 21 in 2013. The lasting days of male flower of the thirty-two clones were 11-18 days and the whole flowering period of female flower were 9-17 days in 2013. The duration of receptivity stage of female flower and pollen shedding stage of male flower of thirty-two clones were all 3-8 days. According to the time order of blossom of male and female flowers, sixteen clones could be determined as protogynous type, ten clones were protandrous type and six clones the homogamic type. Eighty-six feasible pollination combinations could be selected according to the observation results. The best configuration scheme of clones was proposed. No significant difference was found in the length of male inflorescence among the thirty-two clones, but the differences among the clusters of male flower in a single branch, the number of pollen sac in a single male inflorescence, the total number of male inflorescence per plant, numbers of female flower per branch, numbers of male inflorescence per cluster and numbers of female flower per plant reached a significant level. The range of whole variation in the total number of male inflorescence per plant was the biggest, the coefficient of variation was 75.51%.
Studies on Anti-Browning During Tissue Culture of Musella lasiocarpa
HOU Jian-hua, LI Zheng-hong, MA Hong, LIU Xiu-xian, WAN You-ming
2015, 28(2): 217-221.
Abstract:
Callus necrosis during in vitro propagation is a large obstacles in breeding and large scale production of Musella lasiocarpa. To solve this problem, the effects of sterilizing methods of explants, the ratio of plant growth regulators and 4 kinds of browning inhibitors on callus browning were studied with the callus induced from its immature male flowers as the explants. The results indicated that the contamination rate of unsterilized explants was 0%, and its browning rate and browning index were all significantly lower than that of the explants after disinfection; 6-BA played a major role in callus induction of M. lasiocarpa. It conduced to callus induction and significantly reduced browning index when the concentration of 6-BA was 2 mg·L -1 or 3 mg·L -1. Adding VC on the surface and VC mixture of citric acid failed to suppress browning. However, Ginger and ferulic acid gave satisfactory result to reduced browning, 48.5 mg·L-1 ferulic acid could significantly reduce the callus browning and increased the rate of differentiation to17.9%, 15% higher than that of the control.
Genetic Diversity of Section Leuce in Populus Along the Erqis River
ZHENG Shu-xing, ZHANG Jian-guo, HE Cai-yun, BAO Er-jiang, DUAN Ai-guo, ZENG Yan-fei, LIU Ai-ming
2015, 28(2): 222-229.
Abstract:
Along the Erqis River, there are various natural Populus forests, which include Section Leuce in Populus, such as Populus alba, Populus canescens and Populus tremula. Clonal diversity and structure were studied using nuclear microsatellite markers. The results showed that clonal reproduction was the primary reproduction strategy of these Populus populations. The populations of P. alba and P. tremula had an abundant clonal diversity and the mean Simpson's index were 0.983 and 0.987, respectively. Compared with the P. tremula, Populus alba had lower genetic diversity and their Shannon' index were 1.068 9 and 0.324 9, Nei' index were 0.505 6 and 0.211 2, respectively. The genetic consistency was high among populations, and variation range were 0.778 1 0.954 4 in P. tremula, 0.975 1 0.994 6 in Populus alba. It suggested they had long-distance gene flow and prevented genetic differentiation among P. alba and P. tremula population. In addition, genetic diversity indicated that the genetic variation occurred within natural populations, which were 95% in P. alba, and 89.98% in P. tremula.
The Structural and Phylogenetic Analysis of Late Expression Factor 8
LUO Ji, ZHOU Guo-ying, ZHU Ji-yu
2015, 28(2): 230-235.
Abstract:
Late expression factor 8 (lef-8) gene is an early expression gene, and codes the largest subunit of RNA polymerase in baculovirus. The authors sequenced the lef-8 gene of Buzura suppressaria nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BsNPV). It had 2 634 bp coding region and encoding 877 amino acid residues. Some signal sequences were found in untranslated region (UTR): possible promoter and transcription initiation site were found in 5'-UTR, and a putative polyadenylation signal sequence was found in 3'-UTR. But whether they had substantial function needs further research. The protein sequence of lef-8 gene in BsNPV was low homologous to model NPVs. But they had nearly the same signal sequence. By phylogenetic analysis of lef-8 gene in baculovirus, it was found that the nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) and the granulosis virus (GV) was separated obviously to two branches, while the NPV broke into 4 branches. And evolutionary relationship in baculovirus was largely associated with its host.
Branch and Leaf Growth of Dendrocalamus latiflorus Response to Truncation
TONG Long, WANG Ling, XIE Jin-zhong, CHEN Li-jie, ZHANG Wei, GENG Yang-hui
2015, 28(2): 236-242.
Abstract:
In order to understand the influence of truncation on canopy biomass accumulation, distribution and branch and leaf size of Dendrocalamus latiflorus, the modular biomass, biomass ratio, leaf area and dry weight, the size of branch biomass distribution ratio and the quantity of commodity leaves of D. latiflorus with different ages were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the aboveground modular biomass of D. latiflorus was in the order of stem>branch>leaf. The leaf biomass, leaf/branch biomass ratio and leaf/stem biomass ratio showed a trend of 2a > 3a > 1a. With the increase of age, the aboveground biomass, branch biomass, stem biomass branch/stem biomass ratio of D. latiflorus followed an increasing trend. The allocation proportion of branch biomass and leaf biomass of 2- and 3-year-old D. latiflorus were significantly higher than that of 1-year-old D. latiflorus, while the allocation proportion of stem biomass of 2- and 3-year-old D. latiflorus were significantly lower than that of 1-year-old D. latiflorus. In order to improve the spatial expansion capability to intercept more light resources, the D. latiflorus stand reduced the 0-8 mm branch biomass allocation, while increased the branch biomass input of the 8-16 mm, 16 mm or above. Truncation strongly affected the biomass distribution pattern, significantly reduced the branch, leaf, stem, and aboveground biomass. After truncating, the D. latiflorus stand increased the allocation proportion of branch biomass and leaf biomass, reduced the allocation proportion of stem biomass. At the same time, it improved the single leaf area and dry weight and increased the biomass allocation proportion of 8-16 mm, 16 mm or higher branch, reduced the biomass allocation proportion of 0-8 mm branch for the purpose of balancing the growth of branch and leaf, and improve the environmental suitability of truncated D. latiflorus. After D. latiflorus stand was truncated, the biomass ratio of leaf/branch, leaf/stem, and branch/stem increased, indicating that the biomass allocation inclined to the leaf and branch. Truncation reduced the picking height, the results showed that after D. latiflorus was truncated, the commodity leaf increased by 29.68% compared with the untruncated stand, the number of commodity leaf at the bottom of canopy increased by 79.73% and that in the middle of canopy increased by 25.81%. The change of the relationship between branch and leaf showed that truncation influenced the resource utilization strategy of D. latiflorus stands in the first growing seasons after truncating. However, further studies on change regulation with the age of truncation are needed.
Effects of Potassium Levels on Fruit Characters and Yields of Camellia oleifera
HU Dong-nan, NIU De-kui, ZHANG Wen-yuan, GUO Xiao-min
2015, 28(2): 243-248.
Abstract:
In order to study the effects of potassium levels on fruit characters and yields of Camellia oleifera, six different potash level treatments were designed and tested in mature Changlin53 and Changlin27 clone strain of C. oleifera. Based on these measuring such as fruit diameter, fruit weight, dry seed rate, dry kernel rate, the oil rate of kernel and fruit, fruit number, fruit and oil yield per plant in two consecutive years, the differences of treatments and clone strains were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the responses of fruit characters and yields of the two clone strains to potassium levels were different between ‘on’ and ‘off’ year. In ‘on’ year, in addition to fruit diameter, the fruit weight and dry kernel rate, the effects of potassium levels on fruit characters and yields of two clone strains were significant. In ‘off’ year, only fruit amount, yield and oil yield per plant of the strain Changlin53 changed with different potassium levels, and no significant gradient law was found. But for the strain Changlin27, with the increasing potassium levels, the dry seed rate, oil rate of fruit increased at first and then decreased, and the fruit amount, fruit yield and oil yield declined. Whether in ‘on’ or ‘off’ year, the relationship between fruit yield and fruit amount per plant was the closest, and the yield of ‘on’ year was dominant in the production of C. oleifera. For the average yield of ‘on’ and ‘off’ year, the moderate potassium level treatment was better. With appropriate potassium, the fruit character of C. oleifera can be effectively improved and its fruit amount and yield per plant will be more in ‘on’ year. Key word:
Flowering Phenology of Camellia chekiangoleosa Clone in Low Altitude Area
LIU Qu, YAO Xiao-hua, WANG Kai-liang, REN Hua-dong, GAO Huan-zhang, TENG Jian-hua, YIN Run-fu, HONG You-jun
2015, 28(2): 249-254.
Abstract:
To study the flowering phenology of the Camellia chekiangoleosa clone in the low altitude area, 22 C. chekiangoleosa clones which came from Dongfanghong Forest Farm in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, were investigated and analyzed, including the flowering phenology, the period of flowering phase, and the flowering quantity. The results showed that the flowering period of C. chekiangoleosa clone in the low altitude area began in late January, and ended in late April. This period lasted for 62.5 days. The flowering period was relatively concentrated, but vulnerable to climate. The flowering phenology of the C. chekiangoleosa clone was significant different. The mean duration of long flowering period clone was 53.5 days; while that of the short flowering period clones was 26.5 days. There were significant differences in the flowering quantity among the 22 clones (P < 0.01). According to the test results of the study, the clones suitable to be used as ornamental varieties were recommended.
Root Distribution of Populus × xiaozhuanica cv. ‘Chifengensis’ Planted Under Low Coverage Belt-scheme
WU Xue-qiong, YANG Wen-bin, LI Wei, WU Zhi-yan, ZHANG Li, WANG Hong-xia, LI Xiang-chen, CHEN Xue-xun, CHANG Wei-dong, PENG Rui
2015, 28(2): 255-260.
Abstract:
In this study, the root drilling was used to sample the space distribution of root length density (RLD) of the Populus × xiaozhuanica W. Y. Hsu et Liang cv. ‘Chifengensis’which were planted at low coverage belt scheme, the root weight density was measured by drying method simultaneously. The results showed that the total RLD changed dramatically (P P -3. With the distance increasing from tree, the RLD increased at first and decreased subsequently, and then increased slightly again. So, environment was the key factor influencing the root distribution. Thick root mainly distributed in inner-band. The fine root system of low coverage belt scheme mainly distributed at the depth of 0-40 cm in the study area. The thick root (>2.0 mm) mainly distributed below the depth 40 cm underground. It was found that the P. × xiaozhuanica ‘Chifengensis’ mainly use natural precipitation.
Study on Canopy Interception Model and Its Parameter Characteristics of Pinus tabulaeformis Artificial Plantation in the Loess Plateau
YIN Zhun-sheng, SUN Chang-zhong, ZHAO Ming-yang
2015, 28(2): 261-264.
Abstract:
Based on the data deriving from 2008 to 2011 observed in the field, by using regression analysis, the relationship between rainfall and canopy interception of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation planted in the Loess Plateau was analyzed, and the regression parameters of the model were studied by the method of bootstrap. The results showed that both of the relationships could be analyzed by the nonlinear model I=aPb, which could be exactly expressed by I=0.584P0.576. This model not only had high fitting accuracy, but also the fitting parameters had good stability. The model could meet the requirement for significance, so it is feasible to be applied for the study areas.
Monitoring and Analysis of Vegetation Fractional Cover in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Core Region Based on Remote Sensing Data
LI Yi, YANG Ren-bing, WU Ge-zhi, BI Jun-ping, YI Min, HU Wen-min
2015, 28(2): 265-270.
Abstract:
Based on current status and temporal dynamics of the vegetation fractional cover in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan (CZT) core region, the factors leading to the change and the direction of the evolution of the vegetation fractional cover were discussed. The Landsat 5/8 data in 2000 and 2013 were used to derive the vegetation fractional cover in CZT core region. And through image analyzing and processing, the NDVI values of pure vegetation and pure soil in such two periods were obtained. Then the vegetation fractional cover distribution maps in 2000 and 2013 were got by conducting the pixel dichotomy model. At last, the temporal and spatial changes of vegetation fractional cover, such as transfer matrixes, the vegetation improvement/degradation and the driving forces which lead to such changes were analyzed. The conclusions of quantitative analysis showed that the mean vegetation fractional cover of CZT core region has been improved from 0.573 9 in 2000 to 0.601 5 in 2013. Most of vegetation degradation occurred in Changsha, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan and the surrounding area. In particular, the vegetation fractional cover in Green-core of CZT declined a little bit. The driving forces analysis showed that the changes of vegetation fractional cover in CZT core region were correlated with the climate change, while the population growth, land-use change, urbanization and policy were the key factors influencing the vegetation fractional cover.
Response of Soil Microbe Flora to Simulated Nitrogen Deposition at a Plantation of Cunninghamia lanceolata
LIU Cai-xia, JIAO Ru-zhen, DONG Yu-hong, SUN Qi-wu, LI Feng-qing, ZHOU Xin-hua
2015, 28(2): 271-276.
Abstract:
The response of soil microbe amount to simulated nitrogen deposition was analyzed by spread plate method. Nitrogen loadings were designed at 2 nitrogen form and 5 levels as N0, N1, N2, N3 and N4 at the doses of 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg ·hm-2·a-1, respectively. The results indicated that: The first year of nitrogen deposition, high nitrogen level had more significant effect on the amount of microbial, the change range of others was larger. The second year of nitrogen deposition, there was no remarkable difference between treatments and the change range was smaller. There was no remarkable difference between all treatments and the change range was smaller in December, so when we research the changing of total microbial, we should not collect soil samples in December. The nitrogen deposition affect microorganisms. In general, low concentration of nitrogen deposition had promoting effect on the growth, while the highest concentration inhibited it NH4+-N2 or N3 and NO3-N3 were the optimal concentrations for the growth of total microbial. The microbe amount responded to N treatment in all groups of microbes, but varied because of different bacteria group and nitrogen treatment level. The changing of bacterial is consistent with total microbial. At the beginning of natural nitrogen deposition, nitrate nitrogen deposition had greater effects on the amount of bacteria than ammonium did.N2 and N3 were the optimal concentrations for the growth of bacteria. The low concentration of nitrogen deposition had promoting effect on the growth of fungi, while high concentration inhibited it. NH4+-N1 and NO3-N3 were the optimal concentrations for the growth of fungi. Ammonium nitrogen deposition had greater effects on the amount of fungi than nitrate did. After one year of nitrogen deposition, high nitrogen slightly promote the growth of actinomyces.
Studies on Organic Carbon Content and Fractal Features of Soil Aggregates with the Process of Natural Restoration of Karst Forest Vegetation
HUANG Zong-sheng, FU Yu-hong, YU Li-fei, YANG Rui
2015, 28(2): 277-283.
Abstract:
To study evolution of the characteristics of the soil aggregates organic carbon content and its fractal in the karst region of Maolan with the process of natural restoration of karst forest vegetation, the concept of space as a substitute for time was adopted. The results are as follows. The soil aggregate mass percentage(4.74% 52.37%) and its organic carbon contribution rate(2.87% 59.98%) in 1 2 mm and 0.5 1 mm soil aggregate were higher than that in 0.25 0.5 mm, -1, 1.34 22.12 g·kg-1) were more than that >20 cm layer (14.36 36.80 g·kg-1, 0.57 11.93 g·kg-1) and increased with the process of the restoration and decreased with soil depth at the same restoration stage. The organic carbon content in 1 2 mm soil aggregate (16.90 53.43 g·kg-1) was the lowest but the organic carbon content of 1 2 mm soil aggregate mass percentage (5.24 22.12 g·kg-1) was the highest among all soil aggregates. The soil aggregate fractal dimension increased in the surface layer (0 10 cm layer, 2.01 2.16) but decreased in the low layer(>20 cm layer, 2.04 2.24) along with the process of the restoration. The evolution of soil structure may be that the surface layer soil aggregates turned thin but the low layer soil aggregates turned thicken along with the process of the restoration. The soil structure was improved along with the process of the restoration. The soil aggregate fractal dimension can be used as a comprehensively quantitative index to evaluate the soil organic carbon during the process of natural restoration; It is, therefore, essential to take strong measures to preserve karst forests and let them restore naturally, which can helps improve the soil structure, less soil erosion and accumulate organic carbon.
Main Component Analysis of Essential Oil, Fat and Other Substances in Chinese Spicehush
LUO Fan, FEI Xue-qian, CHE Yun-shu, WU Dong-shun, XIN Cheng-lian, LI Kang-xiong
2015, 28(2): 284-288.
Abstract:
The components of essential oil and fat in different parts of Chinese spicehush (Lindera communis) were extracted and analyzed. By comparing the essential components, it was found that the essential oil content in different parts of the tree was peel > fruit > twig> branch > leaf > kernel, and the highest content was up to 8.0 mL·kg-1 in peel. The glaucic acid, 1H-Cycloprop [e] azulene, decahydro-1, 1, 7-trimethyl-4-methylene-, [1aR-(1a.α., 4a. α., 7.α., 7a.β), 7b.α.)] and caryophyllene oxide were the major components of the essential oils. The oil contents of the fruit, peel and kernel were 45.2%, 39.1% and 60.4% respectively. The main fatty acid compositions of the fruit were lauric acid (44.77%), decanoic acid (12.92%), oleic acid (10.91%), 11-oleic acid (9.84%), palmitic acid (6.91%), and linoleic acid (5.12%). The unsaturated fatty acid content in the peel is higher, and the total content of 11-oleic acid (28.06%), oleic acid (27.02%), linoleic acid (13.50%), palmitoleic acid (7.84%) is 76.42%. Lauric acid (72.07%) and decanoic acid (21.13%) were the two main fatty acid compositions in kernels, which were accounted for 93.20% of total fatty acids. After the oil was extracted, the protein was richer in kernel cake than in other samples, and the content was 41.56 g·100 g-1. In this paper, the main oils from L. communis were analyzed, and the results could be used to lay a basis for the comprehensive utilization of L. communis.
Phenotypic Diversity of Leaf and Fruit Traits of Natural Gardenia jasminoides Population
DENG Shao-yong, CAO Quan, YU Lin, ZHU Pei-lin, WANG Xian-rong
2015, 28(2): 289-296.
Abstract:
In order to study the phenotypic variation patterns of the leaf and fruit traits of natural Gardenia jasminoides populations in different distribution areas, an investigation was made on the leaf and fruit traits of 25 natural G. jasminoides populations distributed in nine provinces of China. The results are as follows. The phenotypes of G. jasminoides present abundant variations within populations; the phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 85.97% within populations, which was higher than that within groups, suggesting that the variance among populations was the main part of the phenotypic variation. The most unstable phenotypes among different regions were fruit traits, such as size, length, longitudinal rib width, and peduncle length. The leaf traits of G. jasminoides were negatively correlated with fruit traits. The fruit size had very significant positive correlation with other fruit traits, while negatively correlated with leaf traits. The longitude was negatively correlated with leaf traits, while positively correlated with fruit traits. The fruit size had very significant negative correlation with latitude, and the length had very significant positive correlation with altitude. The annual average temperature and the average temperature in January were positively correlated with leaf traits, while negatively correlated with fruit traits. The annual rainfall was negatively correlated with fruit traits too, but the annual average sunshine had very significant positive correlation with the peduncle length. Twenty-five natural populations of G. jasminoides could be divided into six classes through the clustering analysis of phenotypes.
Study on Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Activity from Twelve Clones of Catalpa bungei Leaves
XU Hong-yu, WANG Jun-hui, HUANG Xiao-hua, LEI Ming, DONG Juan-e, WEI Qin
2015, 28(2): 297-301.
Abstract:
In this study, the antioxidant activity of 12 Catalpa bungei clones extracted from He'nan and Gansu was evaluated in order to find the most effective ones with higher antioxidant activity as well as total phenol content. The results showed that CA6 from Gansu Province was the most effective one in reducing ability (41.61%), DPPH radical scavenging activity (the reciprocal of IC50), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (the reciprocal of IC50) and the highest total phenol content (31.73 mg·g-1) among the 12 clones. The reducing ability and total phenol content determined in 6 clones in Gansu were significantly higher than that in He'nan Province. In addition to CA3, the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the other 5 clones in Gansu were significantly higher than in that He'nan Province. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate fraction in CA6 leaves was the highest, followed by n-butanol, petroleum ether, and the water fractions was the lowest.