2023 Vol. 36, No. 3
Display Method:
[Abstract]
[FullText HTML]
[PDF 79975KB]
2023, 36(3): 0-0.
Abstract:
2023, 36(3): 1-10.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20230015
Abstract:
Objective To explore the impact factors of productivity and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) of plantation and their responses to climate change. Method Biome-BGC, a process-based model, was used to simulate the net primary productivity (NPP) of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation (NPPs) in Baishui County (BS) and Minquan County (MQ) in China and the simulation results were verified with the measured NPP (NPPm). The intrinsic water use efficiency of the ecosystem was calculated according to the simulation results(iWUEs). The differences of the variation of iWUE between the ecosystem and tree-ring(iWUEm) of R. pseudoacacia plantation at two sites were also analyzed. Results Annual biomass of both sites increased rapidly with age at first time, with obvious juvenile effect, and then fluctuated within a certain range. Without the young forest data, the NPPs and NPPm of R. pseudoacacia plantation at the two sites showed a significant positive correlation (P<0.01). The iWUEs and iWUEm of BS showed a highly significant negative correlation (P<0.01), while a reverse pattern was observed at MQ site (P<0.05). Conclusion Temperature is the key factor affecting iWUEm, and annual precipitation and atmospheric CO2 concentration are the important factors affecting biomass. Biome-BGC model can well simulate the NPP of R. pseudoacacia plantation after the young stage. The growth relationship of R. pseudoacacia plantation is consistent between sites with different humidity levels in semi-humid regions, but the relationship between carbon and water is more complex.
2023, 36(3): 11-21.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20220616
Abstract:
Objective In this study, we developed two tree-ring chronologies using samples of Schrenk spruce (Picea schrenkiana) that were collected from the upper and lower treeline in the middle of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains, and analyzed the radial growth characteristics of trees. Method According to the tree ages, the lower treeline spruce was divided into young, middle-aged and old groups. The ARIMA model was established to simulate the radial growth of spruce at different ages based on basal area increment. Results The analysis results showed that the tree-ring width chronology of the lower treeline contains more climate information comparing with the upper treeline. Among the BAI changes of three tree age groups simulated by the ARIMA model, the model fitting the middle aged trees performed the best (R² = 0.832). Considering the ARIMA model is modeled based on the univariate self-change trend, we analyzed the radial growth trend before and after the climate change, and found that the BAI of young spruce increased significantly overall, but the growth rate slowed down gradually. Conclusion The radial growth of middle-aged and old spruce showed a decreasing trend before the abrupt change of temperature. But after the abrupt change of temperature, the BAI of middle-aged spruce tends to be stable and the BAI of old spruce changes from a decreasing trend to an increasing trend.
2023, 36(3): 22-31.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20220480
Abstract:
Objective To study the effects of warming and nitrogen deposition on soil nitrogen mineralization and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission in mid-subtropical forests for further understanding soil nitrogen cycling process in subtropical forests under the background of global change. Method The soils taken from a mid-subtropical Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation treated with field warmed and nitrogen addition were selected, and the field un-warmed and warmed soils were placed in incubators at different temperatures (20, 25 ℃). The soil was continuously added with different gradients of nitrogen (0.1、0.2 g·kg−1) for 28 days of indoor cultivation to study the effects of warming and nitrogen addition at different concentrations on soil nitrogen mineralization and N2O emissions. Result Compared with the control, soil ammonium, nitrate and mineral nitrogen contents were increased by warming and nitrogen addition and their interaction treatment, and the increase was more obvious with the higher level of nitrogen addition, while the increase was not significant in warming treatment. Compared with the control, the net ammonification rate, net nitrification rate and net nitrogen mineralization rate of soil treated with warming after 28 days of culture had no significant changes. Low nitrogen, warming + low nitrogen treatments could significantly increase soil net nitrification rate, while high nitrogen, warming + high nitrogen could significantly decrease soil net nitrogen mineralization rate. Compared with the control, warming and nitrogen addition and their interaction treatment reduced the soil N2O emission rates, and the cumulative soil N2O emissions was also decreased significantly (P<0.05). The cumulative soil N2O emissions under the treatments of low nitrogen, high nitrogen, warming + low nitrogen and warming + high nitrogen were significantly lower than those of the control by 50%, 21%, 29%, 62% and 31%, respectively. At the same time, warming, nitrogen addition and their interaction treatments also significantly decreased the soil pH value. Correlation analysis showed that soil N2O emission rate was positively correlated with soil pH and was negatively correlated with the soil net nitrification rate, but not significantly correlated with soil ammonium rate. Conclusion Warming and nitrogen addition reduce soil pH and inhibit soil N2O emission. Therefore, nitrate nitrogen retained in mid-subtropical forests soils may be lost by leaching under the background of global change.
2023, 36(3): 32-40.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20220503
Abstract:
Objective To explore the expression patterns of MYC genes, a subfamily of bHLH gene family, in the growth and development of poplar, and the response to different hormones and environmental factors, provides references for revealing the roles of MYCs in regulation of plant growth and environmental adaptability. Method Bioinformatic analysis was used to determine the family members of MYC and their gene structure and conserved motifs. Quantitative real-time PCR was carried out to analyze the expression patterns of MYC family members in different tissues and under different kinds of phytohormones and stress treatments. Result Ten MYC members was found in the genome of Populus and the PtrMYC genes were conserved during evolution, and all of them contained bHLH domains, which were divided into three classes in phylogenetic tree. Analysis of the expression patterns showed that most members were mainly expressed in the roots, and two gene pairs in cladeⅡ had opposite expression pattern during stem development. The MYC genes exhibited distinct expression pattern under different hormone treatments and abiotic stress, but most gene pairs shared similar expression patterns. Conclusion Different MYC members may be involved in different biological processes. The results of this study provide a reference for further decipher the function of MYCs in poplar.
2023, 36(3): 41-49.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20220606
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the xenia effect of camellia oleifera pollen and the precise matching ratio of varieties. Methods The differences in fruit setting rate, fruit quality, seed kernel oil content and fresh fruit oil content of camellia oleifera under different pollination combinations were investigated in a complete double-row cross test using four breeds of ‘Changlin3’, ‘Changlin4’, ‘Changlin40’ and ‘Changlin53’, and the configuration pattern of high yielding varieties of oil tea was screened according to the mixture design. Results Different pollination combinations showed significant differences in fruit setting rate, fruit quality, seed kernel oil content and fresh fruit oil content of camellia oleifera, and all indexes of cross-pollination were significantly higher than those of self-pollination. The recommended pollinator for ‘Changlin53’ was ‘Changlin4’, and the recommended pollinator for ‘Changlin3’, ‘Changlin4’, ‘Changlin40’ was ‘Changlin53’. The highest oil yield was obtained with the configuration of three varieties, ‘Changlin4’ (33.65%) + ‘Changlin40’ (26.18%) + ‘Changlin53’ (40.17%). Conclusion Camellia oleifera has xenia effect in fruit setting rate, fruit quality, seed kernel oil content and fresh fruit oil content, and the pollen direct effect is used to promote the high yield and efficiency of Camellia oleifera by selecting pollination varieties and the proportional configuration of varieties.
2023, 36(3): 50-61.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20220477
Abstract:
Objective To further understand the cytomorphological of maturating laticifer cells and mature laticifer cells in Eucommia ulmoides stem and cotyledons and provide cytomorphological evidence for explaining the origin, development and maturation processes of laticifer cells in E. ulmoides. Method The stem, seed germination cotyledons, and seedling cotyledons of E. ulmoides were studied by whole observation and tissue section methods, and the morphology of laticifer cells in E. ulmoides was analyzed and compared. Result The images of 14 mature laticifer cells, 46 enlarged ends of laticifer cells, and 2 mature gelatinous cells in the stem cortex of E. ulmoides were obtained. The optical microscope images of primitive cell morphology and maturating laticifer cells in E. ulmoides seed germination cotyledons and the optical microscope images of mature maturating cells in seedling cotyledons and transmission electron microscope images of laticifer cells in E. ulmoides were obtained. The length of laticifer cell axes in E. ulmoides stems ranged from 981 to 3167 μm, and the volume ranged from 1 × 10−4 to 3 × 10−4 mm3. The length of the minor axis of the enlarged ends ellipsoid ranged from 8.6 μm to 22.4 μm, and the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the enlarged ends ranged from 1.08 to 1.77. Conclusion (1) The mature laticifer cells in the cortex of E. ulmoides are non-articulated and unbranched laticifer cells consisted of an elongated cylindrical cell body and two ellipsoidal dilated terminations. (2) Most of the xylene vitrification laticifer cells have no internal structure, and a small number of them have low refractive index internal structure. (3) The laticifer cells in the cotyledons of E. ulmoide originate from a series of dumbbell-shaped primitive cells, and tThere are a series of cytomorphological changes in the process of generation of laticifer cells.
2023, 36(3): 62-70.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20230025
Abstract:
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the differences of growth responses of different Quercus species to climatic factors in the same climatic region, and pay special attention to the intra- and inter- species differences at the margins of tree species distribution. Methods The response of radial growth of three dominant deciduous Quercus species (Quercus mongolica, Q. variabilis and Q. acutissima) to climatic factors in the northern margin of warm temperate zone in China was analyzed by dendrochronological method. At the same time, the relationship between radial growth and climate of three tree species was constructed by using mixed linear effect model, and their future growth trends were predicted based on future climate scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5). Results Chronology of Quercus species in the same area presented high similarity, but there were large differences among different areas. In terms of the response of radial growth to climate, the chronology of different Quercus species in the same region and the same Quercus species in different regions are also different. The radial growth of three Quercus species in Beijing was negatively correlated with the current June temperature, but there was no significant correlation with the temperature in Xianrendong (Liaoning Province). The radial growth of Q. acutissima in Beijing, Q. mongolica in Hebei and Q. variabilis in Dahei Mountain (Liaoning Province) were all limited by precipitation. The modeling results showed that by the end of this century, the radial growth of Quercus species in Beijing and Dahei Mountain would show a decreasing trend, while that in Xianrendong (Liaoning Province) an increasing trend. Conclusion There are significant differences in the growth responses of Quercus species to climate factors in different areas of the northern margin of warm temperate zone in China, which are mainly dominated by the climate features of sampling regions. In the next step, it should be necessary to clarify the relative contribution of various environmental factors (e.g., stand features and site factors) to radial growth of Quercus species.
2023, 36(3): 71-79.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20220479
Abstract:
Objective To quantify the effects of stand density and canopy density on the biomass of different plant layers (overstory tree layer, understory plant layer, and litter layer) of Quercus wutaishanica secondary forests in the Liupan Mountains of Ningxia in northwest China, and to determine the optimal stand structure that can maintain the biomass of each layer at a relatively high level for fully using the multiple forest ecosystem services. Method Using sample plot data obtained from field survey, the response of biomass in each layer of Quercus wutaishanica forests to stand density and canopy density were determined by upper boundary lines (UBL) analysis. Then these UBLs were superimposed to find an optimal canopy density range. Result With the increase of canopy density and stand density, the overstory tree layer biomass increased rapidly at first, reaching 292.3 and 296.9 t·hm−2 when the canopy density was 0.75 and the density was 1 050 trees∙hm−2, respectively (80% and 82% of the UBL predicted maximum), and then the growth rate slowed down; the understory plant biomass decreased slowly first, and reached 9.08 and 9.17 t∙hm−2 when the canopy density was 0.75 and the density was 1 150 plants∙hm−2, which were 89% and 86% of the maximum value of UBL, respectively. Then it decreased rapidly; the litter layer biomass increased rapidly at first, and reached 33.34 t∙hm−2 when the canopy density was 0.75, which was 97% of the maximum value of UBL. Therefore, the canopy density should be maintained at about 0.75-0.79 in order to keep the biomass of each layer of the stand above 80% of the maximum value of UBL. Conclusion In order to maintain the biomass at relatively high level for all different plant layers of Quercus wutaishanica forests in Liupan Mountains, the canopy density should be maintained at about 0.75-0.79, which will be helpful for guiding the multifunctional management of Quercus wutaishanica forests in the study region and similar areas.
Divergent Responses of Woody Plant Phenology to Seasonal Temperature in Dongling Mountain of Beijing
2023, 36(3): 80-90.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20220408
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the divergent responses of plant phenology to seasonal temperature in warm temperate forests in Doling Mountain, Beijing. Method By using data of 6 phenophases of 24 woody plants in warm temperate forests in Beijing during 2003 and 2019, we calculated temperature relevant periods of different phenophases to seasonal temperature by using Partial Least Square regression and correlation analysis and compared the corresponding temperature sensitivities in these periods by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Result Temperature relevant periods of leaf unfolding dates, first flowering dates and full flowering dates were 48, 64 and 55 days before the phenological dates (early-mid March to late April or early-mid May), respectively. For every increase of 1 °C, the flowering period was advanced by an average of 6.38 days, which was significantly higher than that of the leaf development period (4.52 days earlier) and full flowering period (5.05 days earlier). The response mode of germination period to temperature was different from the above three phenophases, and its optimal correlation period was from October 28th to January 14th in autumn and winter, followed by March 11th to April 14th in winter and spring (34 days before germination) and summer from July 14 to August 27. For every temperature increase of 1 °C in autumn and winter, the date of budburst advanced by 5.48 days, which was significantly higher than the number of days (3.71 days) that the temperature in winter and spring advanced (3.71 days), while the temperature increase of 1 °C in summer delayed the budburst by 9.74 days, which was significantly different from other. The optimal correlation period of the leaf coloring and defoliation stages to the temperature response was from early April to mid-to-late July in spring and summer, and the species that responded significantly to temperature in summer and autumn (late August to mid-to-late September) rare. When the temperature increased by 1 °C, the temperature in the spring and summer related periods brought forward the leaf coloring and leaf defoliation periods by 7.12 and 9.55 days, respectively, while the summer and autumn temperatures delayed them by 2.27 and 5.96 days, respectively. In the past 50 years, the temperature rise rate in late winter and early spring (February and March) at the research site was more than twice that of other months, while the temperature in autumn and winter (October-December) had no significant change. Conclusion The divergent responses of plant phenology to seasonal temperature and seasonally asymmetric warming may exert profound impacts on plants and the entire ecosystem.
2023, 36(3): 91-99.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20220226
Abstract:
Objective The ecological stoichiometry of litter-soil at the stand scale was studied to clarify the changes of litter and soil nutrients and their relationship in forest ecosystem, and to provide a scientific basis for the operation and management of natural coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. Method Based on the four plots of spruce-fir broad-leaved mixed forest with an area of 1 ha on North slope of Changbai Mountains, soil samples of 0−20 and 20−40 cm and litter samples of the semi-decomposed horizon (F) and completely decomposed horizon (H) were collected. Soil pH, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and readily available potassium were determined, and litter standing crop and litter-soil stoichiometric ratios were calculated. The correlation analysis and redundancy analysis were used to study the litter characteristics and their effects on soil nutrients and the stoichiometric ratios in spruce-fir broad-leaved mixed forest. Result The results showed that litter standing crop had a very significant and strong correlation with soil C/N at depth of 0-20 cm (P < 0.01). Litter C, C/P and N/P decreased significantly with increasing litter decomposition degree (P<0.05). The redundancy analysis results showed that litter standing crop had a strong positive effect on the litter carbon and C/P in F horizon and litter phosphorus in H horizon. The stoichiometric ratios of litter nutrients and soil nutrients were C/P > C/N > N/P. Conclusion Litter nitrogen in the H horizon is the critical factor affecting soil pH, soil organic matter, total phosphorus, readily available potassium and C/P ratio in 0−20 cm soil. Litter nitrogen is the main source of total nitrogen in 20−40 cm soil. Therefore, litter nitrogen may be an important factor driving soil nutrient changes in the study area.
2023, 36(3): 100-108.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20220377
Abstract:
Objective The differences in water-retention function of humus layer in typical forests with different densities in the Qinling Mountains were explored to provide basis for the vegetation construction. Methods Three plots with different densities (low, medium, and high) of Pinus tabulaeformis forest and Quercus aliena va.acuteseata forest were selected in Huoditang of Qinling Mountains. The indoor soaking and entropy weight methods were used to quantitatively analyze and comprehensively evaluate the water-retention function of humus layer. Results ①The thickness of humus in Pinus tabulaeformis and Quercus aliena va.acuteseata was 3.48～5.14 cm and 6.54～9.48 cm, respectively. The weight was the largest when the density was mediumwith 9.09 and 5.61 t·hm−2, respectively. The humus of Pinus tabulaeformis forest was mainly semi-decomposed layer (56.5%～60.55%), while that of Quercus aliena va.acuteseata forest was mainly undecomposed layer (63.58%～74.53%); ②The maximum water holding capacity of humus in Pinus tabulaeformis forest was found in medium density (24.55 t·hm−2), while that in Quercus aliena va.acuteseata forest was found in high density, which reached 17.8 t·hm−2 . The semi-decomposed layer of Pinus tabulaeformis forest and the undecomposed layer of Quercus acutissima forest played a major role in the absorption and retention of water by humus in the two forests; ③The accumulated water holding capacity of humus increased rapidly within 10 minutes after soaking, and the water holding growth rate of humus in Quercus aliena va.acuteseata forest was better than that of Pinus tabulaeformis forest. With the increase of soaking time, the water absorption rate of humus first decreased rapidly, then gradually decreased and tended to 0. The water holding rate(capacity), water absorption rate and soaking time of humus showed logarithmic and power function, respectively. Conclusion The water retention function of the semi-decomposed layer in Pinus tabulaeformis and undecomposed layer in Quercus aliena va.acuteseata forest can be complement each other, and the best performance of the Quercus aliena va.acuteseata forest can be reached when the density was 725 trees·hm−2. It is suggested to build a Pinus tabulaeformis Quercus aliena va.acuteseata mixed forest and control the density reasonably, so as to fully contribute to the hydrological function of humus.
2023, 36(3): 109-118.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20220304
Abstract:
Objective To observe the development process of reproductive organs of Choerospondias axillaris, and preliminary explore the cause of pistil and stamen abortion of C. axillaris. Method The development process of microspores, megaspores, male and female gametophytes of C. axillaris were observed by paraffin sectioning method. Results (1) C. axillaris was dioecious and unisexual, male flowers lack pistils and female flowers had staminodes; When the length of male flower was over 3 mm, the anther was almost mature, and when the length of ovary was over 3.5 mm, the embryo sac was mature. (2) The mature anther wall of male flower was divided into 5 layers, 1 epidermis layer, 1 endothecium layer, 2 middle layers, and 1 tapetum layer. (3) The division form of microspore mother cell belonged to simultaneous cytokinesis, tetrahedral microspore tetrad, 2-cell type pollen with 3 germination pore cytoplasmic cysts. (4) The development type of embryo sac was polygonum type which reversed in the later stage with double integument and thick nucellus. (5) In female flowers, the anther wall had 5 layers. Isobilateral tetrad was observed in ovule primordium stage. Tapetum disintegrated in microspore stage. Epidermis tended to degenerate when the anther was empty in the later stage and the anther chamber wall was slightly fibrous thickened. (6) It needed about 25 days for the male flower to disperse pollen after budding, and about 24 days for the female flower to develop mature embryo sac. Conclusion The development pattern of male and female gametes of C. axillaris is consistent with that of the family Anacardiaceae. No degenerated ovule is found in the female flower of C. axillaris, and male flower has no pistil, which may due to the degeneration of pistil primordium during flower bud development stage. Staminodes have normal microspore mother cells, abnormal microspore tetrads and disintegration of tapetum, and anther sac is empty with no pollen grains.
2023, 36(3): 119-128.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20220528
Abstract:
Objective Understanding the allocation and cycling characteristics of the main nutrients in the process of artificial vegetation restoration on sandy land will help us fully understand the strategies of plant adaptation to the desert ecosystems, and provide theory for the vegetation management. Method This study was conducted in the shrub plantations of Caragana intermedia with different stand age of 6-, 9-, 11-, 17- and 31-year-old on alpine sandy land. The whole plant of average shrubs was completely harvested for analysing the main nutrients N, P and K concentration, accumulation, allocation and cycling characteristics. Result (1) In components, leaves and stem bark with the highest nutrient content, and stem wood with the lowest nutrient content. As the plantation age increased, N content in three root-diameter (coarse root: diameter > 5 mm, medium root: 2 mm < diameter ≤ 5 mm, fine root: diameter ≤ 2 mm) and P content in leaves increased significantly, whereas P and K contents in fine root, K contents in branches and medium root decreased significantly. The N contents of three root-diameters had a significant negative correlation with the P and K contents of fine root, and the N contents of medium and fine root had a significant negative correlation with the K contents of branches and medium root. (2) The nutrient accumulation of root was higher than aboveground components. The percentage of the nutrient accumulation of the root to the aboveground components firstly increased and then decreased as the plantation age increased. It peaked in 17-year-old plantation, and the percentage of N, P and K were 70%, 66% and 63%, respectively. (3) As the plantation age increased, the utilization coefficient of the nutrients decreased, while the recycling period and cycling coefficient increased. Utilization coefficient and cycling coefficient of K were higher and recycling period was shorter than N and P in all plantations. Conclusion With the development of C. intermediate plantation on alpine sandy land, more nutrients were allocated to the root system to adapt to the harsh environment. The nitrogen fixation process of C. intermediate will consume its own K and P, of which K with fast circulation rate and high mobility. Therefore, we suggested that K and P fertilizer should be added in the management and protection of C. intermedia shrub plantation.
2023, 36(3): 129-137.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20220464
Abstract:
Objective To study the effects of drought and shade on growth, water and carbon metabolism, and the flavonoid content of Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis Rousi for comprehensively understanding the ecological adaptability of sea-buckthorn and the response of flavonoid content to drought and shade. Methods The changes of water potential, branch hydraulic conductivity loss (PLC), photosynthesis, biomass, non structural carbohydrate (NSC) content and flavonoid content of Hippophae rhamnoides in drought (40% saturated soil water content), shading (50% shading) and their interaction were compared. Results Drought treatment significantly reduced branch water potential, net photosynthetic rate, leaf biomass, and NSC content in root and stem of Hippophae rhamnoides, and significantly increased the branch PLC and root biomass. Shading treatment significantly decreased the net photosynthetic rate, leaf biomass, NSC content of each part, and flavonoid content. The interaction of drought and shading significantly increased branch PLC, but decreased the leaf net photosynthetic rate, the biomass and NSC content of roots, stems and leaves. Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between leaf flavonoids content and branch water potential. Conclusion Drought will affect water status and carbon uptake, reduce NSC storage in stems and roots, and increase flavonoids content in Hippophae rhamnoides. Shading will affect photosynthetic rate, and NSC storage of roots, stems and leaves, And the combination of drought and shade will further reduce the water transport capacity, photosynthesis, biomass accumulation and NSC storage of Hippophae rhamnoides. Shading will reduce the adaptability of Hippophae rhamnoides. to drought stress, and moderate drought is beneficial to the synthesis of flavonoids.
2023, 36(3): 138-148.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20220289
Abstract:
Objective The species niches characteristics and interspecific associations of the subtropical evergreen-deciduous broadleaved mixed forest were explored to clarify the interspecific relationship and environmental adaptation of main woody plants, and ultimately provide a theoretical basis for biological resource protection and forest management in subtropical regions. Method Based on 6 hm2 (300 m × 200 m) standard large sample plot data of Qizimei Mountain National Nature Reserve in Hubei Province, the niches and interspecific associations of 16 main woody plants (important value greater than 1%) were studied from species composition, niche breadth, niche similarity coefficient, niche overlap index, variance ratio method, χ2 test, association coefficient, and Jaccard index. Result (1) In 2020, there were 266 species of woody plants belonging to 140 genera and 64 families in the subtropical evergreen-deciduous broadleaved mixed forest in Qizimei Mountain, Hubei Province, mainly including Betulaceae, Fagaceae and Hamamelidaceae. The species composition tended to be more complex. (2) The species importance value and niche breadth of Carpinus fargesiana were the highest, occupying an absolute dominant position. There was a high niche overlap and niche similarity between C. fargesiana and other main woody plants. The dominant position of Carpinus fargesiana, Dendrobenthamia japonica var. chinensis and Dendrobenthamia angustata was second. Both the niche overlap index and the niche similarity coefficient were mainly between 0.2 and 0.5, and most species had certain similarity and complementarity to habitat requirements. In addition, species importance ranking was not exactly the same as niche breadth ranking. (3) The overall correlation between species in the subtropical evergreen-deciduous broadleaved mixed forest of the Qizimei Mountain, Hubei Province showed a significantly positive association, and the ratio of positive to negative association was greater than one. The results of χ2 test, association coefficient, Jaccard index, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient of 16 main woody plants were generally consistent. The number of positive associated species pairs was greater than that of negative associated species pairs, and the number of extremely significant or significant positive associated species pairs was more than that of extremely significant or significant negative associated species pairs. The number of non-significantly associated species pairs also accounted for an important proportion. Conclusion The subtropical evergreen-deciduous broadleaved mixed forest is rich in species. The community is in the early to middle stages of succession, and the interspecific association is loose and not close.
2023, 36(3): 149-157.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20220230
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the response of photosynthetic system of leaves in Quercus liaotungensis seedlings under progressive drought and select drought sensitive indicators. Method Based on the progressive drought stress method in pots, we performed variance analysis (ANOVA) and LOESS nonlinear fit on leaf droop angle, chlorophyll fluorescence, and photosynthesis of 2-year-old Q. liaotungensis seedlings. Result The results indicated that progressive drought had the most significant effect on photosynthetic gas exchange, followed by leaf droop angle and electron transfer and energy dissipation of PSII. According to the influence of soil relative water content (SRWC) to photosynthetic characteristics, the drought response of the photosynthetic system of Q. liaotungensis seedling could be classified into four stages: Stage I (no stress, 26%＞SRWC＞20%), photosynthetic gas exchange parameters did not drop; Stage II (moderate stress, 20%＞SRWC＞14%), the effect of stomatal restriction was evident and the leaf droop angle was lowered to -14.0 ± 1.7°; Stage III (high stress, 14%＞SRWC＞8%), the water use efficiency (WUE) of leaf and the gas exchange parameters decreased significantly, and the leaf droop angle was lowered to -43.2 ± 10.3°, which indicated that SRWC lowered to 14% was the irrigation water threshold values for Q. liaotungensis seedling; Stage IV (extreme stress, SRWC＜8%), the electron transport and energy dissipation of PSII changed significantly, the photosynthetic apparatus were severely damaged, the leaf droop angle was lowered to -68.5 ± 6.7° indicated that SRWC lowered to 8% was the lethal threshold for leaf of Q. liaotungensis seedling. Based on the stage differences in the leaf droop angle responses to soil drought, it could be used as the warning index of the irrigation water threshold value of Q. liaotungensis seedlings. The number of reaction centers per unit area in PSII (RCO/CS), the absorption flux per reaction center in PSII (ABS/RC), the flux of energy dissipated in processes other than trapping per active in PSII (DIO/RC), and the leaf performance index (PIABS) could be used as warning indexes of the lethal threshold for leaf. Conclusion In this study, the stage differences of the photosynthetic system of Q. liaotungensis seedling‘s leaf response to soil drought were observed, therefore determining the irrigation water threshold values and sensitivity indicators reflecting soil drought, which provides a theoretical basis for developing an efficient irrigation strategy for Q. liaotungensis seedlings.
2023, 36(3): 158-167.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20220244
Abstract:
Objective Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is an important forest resource in China. Morphology and biomass allocation of underground rhizome and their adaptive survival strategies are still unknown. Method Three types of experimental moso bamboo forests were selected, which were harvested once every 6-8 years, understory vegetation succession of 9 and 21 years, and pure forest (control). All the underground rhizome in the 2 m × 2 m quadrat, and the rhizome and roots (thick roots) in 0～10 cm (surface layer), 10～20 cm (middle layer), and below 20 cm (deep layer) were excavated and separated by layer. The morphology and biomass and investigated, and the adaptive characteristics of the morphology and biomass distribution of the underground rhizome during the succession of understory vegetation were analyzed. Result The results showed that: (1) With the succession of understory vegetation, the rhizome diameter, number of rhizome segments, and number of rhizome nodes of moso bamboo did not change significantly. Compared with the pure forest, it increased by 48.2% and 20.74%, respectively (P < 0.05), and the soil layer of the rhizome shape shifted from the middle layer to the top layer and the deep layer, resulting in obvious vertical space adaptive changes; (2) Compared with whip, the shape change of the root rhizome was relatively stable, mainly because the root length of moso bambo rhizome decreased by 30.04% (P < 0.05) after 9 years of succession, but this change disappeared with the progress of succession; (3) In the 9th and 21st succession years, the biomass of bamboo whip and system in Moso bamboo stand decreased by 17.2%, 19.6% and 60.9%, 46.9% respectively compared with pure moso bamboo stand, and the biomass of rhizome decreased by 25.0%. With the progress of succession, the moso bamboo forest distributed 50% of the bamboo whip biomass to the deep soil layer to obtain living space, and distributed 47.6% of rhizome biomass to the top soil layer to compete for soil nutrients and water, and there was an underground rhizome system. The adaptive change of biomass from local regulation of soil space to regulation of whole living space tended to invest more resources in the trade-off strategy of rhizome; (4) Correlation and intensity between the morphology indicators of bamboo whip and rhizome tended to increase with the progress of succession, and the morphology of bamboo whip was the main index reflecting the change of underground rhizome system in the process of understory vegetation succession. Conclusion With the succession of understory vegetation, the competition of Phyllostachys edulis resources tends to be fierce, which will have an important impact on the morphology and biomass allocation of whip and rhizome root, and the effects of succession year are obvious. The allocation of resources in the underground rhizome system meets the extensive foraging strategy and intensive foraging strategy.
2023, 36(3): 168-178.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20220447
Abstract:
Objective To explore the effects of cadmium (Cd) stress on the growth and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of Robinia pseudoacacia. Method The characteristics on the growth, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, respiration rate and stomatal indices of Cd-stressed R. pseudoacacia seedlings were studied in this experiment. Result Under Cd stress, the stem diameter and plant height of these seedlings were obviously inhibited. The fresh weight and dry weight of treated plants with high concentration decreased, while those with low concentration increased slightly, but all the differences were insignificant between them and the control treatment. With an increase of cadmium concentration, the contents of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll decreased, chlorophyll b and carotenoids changed irregularly, but there were insignificant differences between them and the control for R. pseudoacacia seedlings. However, the initial fluorescence (F0) and the maximum fluorescence yield (Fm) increased first and then decreased. The maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) gradually decreased, the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN) gradually increased, and the actual photochemical quantum efficiencies (ΦPSII) were all lower than the control with insignificant-difference for those stressed plants during this experiment. Simultaneously, the stomatal width and stomatal area decreased, the stomata gradually closed in the treated-seedlings, and their respiratory efficiency was significantly inhibited. It was shown that the most of indicators were significantly correlated each other by correlation analysis. Through random forest regression analysis, the importance of initial fluorescence (F0), root cadmium content, stomatal width and chlorophyll a were the strongest among chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, plant cadmium enrichment content, stomatal characteristics and photosynthetic pigments, respectively, and became the most critical factors affecting the photosynthetic function of R. pseudoacacia seedlings. Conclusion Although the growth and photosynthetic physiology of R. pseudoacacia seedlings are affected by cadmium concentration to some extent, the seedlings still show strong tolerance to cadmium stress. It provides a reference for garden application in cadmium polluted areas.
2023, 36(3): 179-184.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20220499
Abstract:
Objective To study the genetic variation of growth traits of Pinus massoniana provenances and families from three regions in Fujian Province, and provide scientific basis for the selection of fine provenances and families of Pinus massoniana. Method A total of 92 families from three provenances in Longyan, Quanzhou and Nanping in Fujian Province were selected. The genetic differences of three growth traits, tree height, DBH and tree volume were analyzed and evaluated through a completely randomized block design experiment, and excellent provenances and families were selected. Result The results showed that the average tree height, DBH and volume of the provenances were 18.76 m, 22.23 cm and 0.36 m3 in Longyan, followed by 17.43 m, 20.77 cm and 0.31 m3 in Quanzhou, and 15.54 m, 19.25 cm and 0.25 m3 in Nanping, which was poorer than the control. The comprehensive evaluation showed that Quanzhou and Longyan materials can be used as the source of excellent provenance of Pinus massoniana. The heritability of the three growth traits at the family level ranged from 3.81% to 16.08%. At the same time, the 92 families were divided into excellent, superior, medium and average families by cluster analysis, with the corresponding number of 3, 24, 41 and 24 families, respectively. The average genetic gain of tree height, DBH and tree volume per tree with 77-561, 79-569 and 79-568 reached 0.61%, 4.78% and 17.81%, respectively. Conclusion The excellent individuals are selected from the excellent families and divided into three categories: 22 excellent individuals, 80 superior individuals and 52 general individuals.
2023, 36(3): 185-189.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20220594
Abstract:
Objective To identify the species of Scolytinae in Laoshan, the species of the collected Scolytinae were identified to enrich the biodiversity. Method The morphological characteristics of adults Scolytinae were observed and the sequences of the cytochrome oxidase subunit Ⅰ ( COⅠ ) was analyzed to identify the insect. Result A kind of Scolytinae was identified as Xyleborinus saxesenii in Laoshan, belonged to Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborinus. The typical characteristics of A were the intersulci, which slightly increased from front to back, had protruding granule in elytron starting from the front edge of the slant, and formed a longitudinal row, but there was no granule in the second intersulcus. It was consistent with the morphological characteristics of one new record species of bark beetle——Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratzeburg, 1873) by LYU kun, which was clustered with the sample sequences of the American and Southeast Asian beetle. Conclusion Based on both morphological and molecular biological identification, this insect is clearly identified as a Xyleborinus saxesenii and is firstly reported in Shandong. The results of this study provide basic data for the rapid DNA identification of the Scolytinae.
Subvmission Guidelines
Peer Review
Reviewer Online
Office Work
Email alert
RSS