[1] |
Hans P. Tree growth as affected by stem and crown structure[J]. Trees, 2021, 35: 947-960. doi: 10.1007/s00468-021-02092-0 |
[2] |
Fotis A T, Morin T H, Fahey R T, et al. Forest structure in space and time: biotic and abiotic determinants of canopy complexity and their effects on net primary productivity[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2018, 250: 181-191. |
[3] |
章志都, 徐程扬, 蔡宝军, 等. 林分密度对山桃树冠结构的影响研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2009, 31(6):187-192. |
[4] |
胡艳波, 惠刚盈. 基于相邻木关系的林木密集程度表达方式研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2015, 37(9):1-8. |
[5] |
Krajicek J E, Brinkman K A, Gingrich S F. Crown competition-A measure of density[J]. Forest Science, 1961, 35-42. |
[6] |
Hans P, Peter B, Enno U, et al. Crown size and growing space requirement of common tree species in urban centres, parks, and forests[J]. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2015, 14: 466-479. |
[7] |
Qin Y P, He X, Lei X D, et al. Tree size inequality and competition effects on nonlinear mixed effects crown width model for natural spruce-fir-broadleaf mixed forest in northeast China[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2022, 518: 120291. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120291 |
[8] |
Sillett S C, Antoine M E, Campbell-Spickler J. Manipulating tree crown structure to promote old-growth characteristics in second-growth redwood forest canopies[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2018, 417: 77-89. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2018.02.036 |
[9] |
Yachi S, Loreau M. Does complementary resource use enhance ecosystem functioning? A model of light competition in plant communities[J]. Ecology Letters, 2007, 10(1): 54-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00994.x |
[10] |
Vospernik S, Sterba H. Do competition-density rule and self-thinning rule agree?[J]. Annals of Forest Science, 2015, 72: 379-390. doi: 10.1007/s13595-014-0433-x |
[11] |
Burkhart H E, Tomé M. Modeling Forest Trees and Stands[M]. Berlin, Cermany: Springer, 2012. |
[12] |
万 盼, 刘文桢, 刘瑞红, 等. 结构化经营对栎松混交林林分空间结构及稳定性的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(4): 35-45. |
[13] |
马映栋, 张宋智, 王 鹏, 等. 不同采伐强度对小陇山辽东栎天然林空间结构的影响[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2014, 30(6):1-5. |
[14] |
惠刚盈, 赵中华, 胡艳波, 等. 结构化森林经营理论与实践[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2020. |
[15] |
蒋孟多, 马映栋, 蒋 睿, 等. 小陇山蒙古栎林群落结构与稳定性评价[J]. 林业资源管理, 2022(4):36-44. doi: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.04.006 |
[16] |
张金屯. 数量生态学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2018. |
[17] |
Liu L, Zeng F P, Song T Q, et al. Stand structure and abiotic factors modulate karst forest biomass in Southwest China[J]. Forests, 2020, 11: 443. doi: 10.3390/f11040443 |
[18] |
Hemery G E, Savill P S, Pryor S N. Applications of the crown diameter and stem diameter relationship for different species of broadleaved trees[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2005, 215: 285-294. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.05.016 |
[19] |
万志兵, 李秀芹, 刘成功, 等. 不同发育阶段檫木人工林树高、胸径与树冠结构关系的动态关系分析[J]. 基因组学与应用生物学, 2017, 36(1):331-339. |
[20] |
Gonzalez-Benecke C A, Gezan S A, Samuelson L J, et al. Estimating Pinus palustris tree diameter and stem volume from tree height, crown area and stand-level parameters[J]. Journal of Forestry Research, 2014, 25(1): 43-52. doi: 10.1007/s11676-014-0427-4 |
[21] |
Brumelis G, Dauškane I, Elferts D, et al. Estimates of tree canopy closure and basal area as proxies for tree crown volume at a stand scale[J]. Forests, 2020, 11: 1180. doi: 10.3390/f11111180 |
[22] |
Thorpe H C, Astrup R, Trowbridge A, et al. Competition and tree crowns: a neighborhood analysis of three boreal tree species[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2010, 259: 1586-1596. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.01.035 |
[23] |
Rissanen K, Martin-Guay M O, Riopel-Bouvier A S, et al. Light interception in experimental forests affected by tree diversity and structural complexity of dominant canopy[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2019, 278: 107655. doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107655 |
[24] |
Toïgo M, Perot T, Courbaud B, et al. Difference in shade tolerance drives the mixture effect on oak productivity[J]. Journal of Ecology, 2018, 106: 1073-1082. doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.12811 |
[25] |
石小龙, 杜彦昌, 王 鹏, 等. 小陇山油松人工林林冠指标相关性研究[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2018, 33(3):67-73. |
[26] |
龙时胜, 曾思齐, 肖化顺, 等. 基于Hegyi改进模型的青冈栎次生林竞争分析[J]. 林业资源管理, 2018(1):50-56. |
[27] |
Pretzsch H, Dieler J. Evidence of variant intra- and inters-pecific scaling of tree crown structure and relevance for allometric theory[J]. Oecologia, 2012, 169: 637-649. doi: 10.1007/s00442-011-2240-5 |
[28] |
Vieilledent G, Courbaud B, Kunstler G, et al. Individual variability in tree allometry determines light resource allocation in forest ecosystems: a hierarchical Bayesian approach[J]. Oecologia, 2010, 163: 759-773. doi: 10.1007/s00442-010-1581-9 |
[29] |
Fichtner A, Sturm K, Rickert C, et al. Crown size-growth relationships of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L. ) are driven by the interplay of disturbance intensity and inter-specific competition[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2013, 302: 178-184. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.027 |