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生物蜡酯普遍存在于自然界生物中,蜡酯对生物生命活动具有储能、保护等诸多功能,在生物生命活动中扮演的角色极为重要[1-3]。昆虫和植物体表的蜡酯层能对抗有害细菌及真菌入侵,同时还能减少体表水分蒸发、疏水御潮、防止紫外辐射、反射阳光辐射、躲避天敌袭击[4-7]。有些昆虫则特化了泌蜡的性状,比如介壳虫,这一类昆虫体表覆盖大量蜡泌物形成的介壳[8],由于蜡酯的保护,常规方法很难达到防治效果,喷洒、涂抹等机械方法和化学治理方法也较为困难不容易操作,且污染环境、耗资大、大量杀伤天敌,介壳虫已成为农林果树危害严重的害虫。如果对蜡酯进行破坏,则易达到介壳虫防治的效果。
不同物种的蜡酯合酶(wax synthase, WS)研究显示,在生物蜡酯合成过程中WS具有关键作用[9-12]。笔者以我国历史悠久的特产资源昆虫—白蜡虫(一种介壳虫)为研究对象,鉴定出白蜡虫WS,实验表明WS在白蜡虫泌蜡中发挥极其重要的作用[13]。近年来,昆虫中对未知基因功能及作用机理研究主要是利用dsRNA诱导的RNAi实现[14],由此本研究欲探索较低成本获取dsRNA,以期建立一种通过原核菌体表达获取大量白蜡虫ws基因dsRNA的方法,从而为介壳虫防治提供一定参考。
用于昆虫实验研究的dsRNA合成方法,主要是试剂盒体外转录以及原核菌体表达获得,其中,dsRNA合成试剂盒价格较高,合成dsRNA的量较少。因此,本研究将选取前期筛选的白蜡虫ws基因片段,采用原核菌体表达合成dsRNA的方法,利用原核表达系统制备dsRNA,以期较低成本获取大量dsRNA。
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