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竹子是重要的森林资源,是林业产业的重要组成。全世界共有竹子70余属,1 200多种,主要分布在热带和亚热带地区[1]。据统计,中国有竹子植物43属,700余种[2]。像其他植物一样,竹子的一生遭受各种病虫害的侵扰[3-7],病虫害被认为是引起竹林产业重大经济损失的主要原因[3-4]。作为根部病害的一类,竹子线虫病害报道甚少[8]。
植物线虫是一类潜在的植物病原物,大多数植物线虫为害植物的地下部分,使地上部分表现叶片发黄、植株矮小和营养不良,通常症状并不明显,很容易被忽视[9]。然而,植物线虫对根部的损伤可为其他病原物的侵入打开通道,使植物感染其他病害[9]。植物线虫也可以与土壤中其他病原物形成复合侵染,长针科和毛刺科的一些种类还可传播病毒[9]。因此,有必要重新评估植物线虫对竹子生长的影响。本文对国内外竹子寄生线虫的种类、地理分布及其致病性进行归纳评述,为进一步开展我国竹子线虫病害调查和防控提供参考依据。
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