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文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge)为无患子科(Sapindaceae)文冠果属(Xanthoceras Bunge)植物,是我国特有的油料树种,喜光、耐瘠薄、耐干旱、耐寒冷,有较高的药用价值和经济价值[1]。种仁含油量较高,可达60%以上,是生产天然功能性食品、药品、化妆品的优质原料,也是值得推广的高级工业产品树种[2-3];种仁蛋白氨基酸种类齐全,可以用作高端饮料、乳化剂和食品添加剂的原料,同时,种皮和果壳也是优质活性炭的优质原料。文冠果主要分布于我国干旱的“三北”地区,制约其可持续发展的最主要因素就是干旱缺水。叶片气孔作为植物表皮的特殊结构[4],其特征的变化与干旱胁迫的关系成为近年来生态学研究的热点问题之一[5-6]。截至目前,关于文冠果叶片气孔分布特征的研究报道较少,仅限于同一材料单一水分条件下[7-10]。本研究以我国华北地区的河南三门峡、河北承德及山西晋中3个种源文冠果为研究对象,开展水分梯度控制试验,研究其叶片气孔分布特征对水分胁迫的响应,为华北地区抗旱文冠果种源的选择提供理论依据。
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