A Case Study in Planning for Sustainable Forest Medium-Term Management of Norway Spruce from Northern Germany

CHEN Bo-wang; Klaus.von Gadow; Frantiek Vilko; Sofía Sánchez Orois

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A Case Study in Planning for Sustainable Forest Medium-Term Management of Norway Spruce from Northern Germany

1.
Research Institute of Forestry,CAF,Beijing 100091,China
2.
Institut für Waldinventur und Waldwachstum der Universitt Gttingen,Büsgenweg 5,D-37077 Gttingen,Germany
3.
Institut für Waldinventur und Waldwachstum der Universitt Gttingen,Büsgenweg 5,D-37077 Gttingen,Germany

Received Date: 2004-04-16
Accepted Date: 2006-05-19

Abstract

The theory of sustainable forest management provides a rich assortment of models for medium-term planning and harvest control.The different methods are applicable in specific circumstances and different types of management.A useful theoretical framework that can be used in any arbitrary system of management is the concept of multiple forest developments.The concept of multiple forest developments realizes that a forest consists of a discrete number of stands and that different treatment options can be defined for each stand.Each option has a value that can be calculated,delivers timber and other products and consumes resources at specified time periods.This simple concept can be applied in a great number of different forest management situations.It provides a methodical framework for producing practical management plans for foresters and for evaluating scenarios of forest development.In the present study,an example of Norway spruce compartment in Northern Germany including 21 stands is used to illustrate the approach.Each stand was prepared with options and their periodic timber outputs were implemented by their initial status and growth and thinning models.On the compartment level,the objective function includes two components: Net Present Worth and Even Flow of the timber harvest.The solution is obtained using the method of Simulated Annealing.The global optimized solution provided proper option for each stands as well as the best combination of two components for the entire compartment.
- Picea abies,
- growth model,
- thinning,
- net present worth,
- multiple forest developments,
- scenario

References

[M]. Tuebingen: Laupp, 1826: 428
[2]	Hundeshagen J C. Die Forstabschaetzung auf neuen wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen
[3]	Konohira Y , AmanoM. Methods for the forests allowable cut calculation in Japan
[A]. In: Carcea F . Determination of the forests; al2lowable cut in various countries of the world
[5]	Kurth H, Gerold D, Dittrich K. Reale Waldentwicklung und Zielwald-Grundlagen nachhaltiger Systemregelung des Waldes. Wiss.Zeitschr
[C]. IUFRO, Bucharets, 1986: 149 ～157
[7]	Kouba J. The theory of an estimate of the development of calamitiesand ofmanagement of the p rocess of forest adjustment to normal forest
[M]. TU Dresden: Dresden, 1987: 121～137
[9]	Suzuki T. Forest transition as a stochastic p rocess
[J]. Lesnictvi, 1989, 35 (10) : 925～944
[11]	Nabuurs G J, P ? ivinen R. Large scale forestry scenario models-acomp ilation and review. European Forest Insitute working papers 10
[J]. Mitt FBVAWien Heft, 1971, 91: 137～150
[M]. Finland: Joensuu, 1996: 174
[14]	Blandon P. Forest Economics and the Gentan ProbabilityDistribution
[15]	Randall J H, v Gadow K. An evaluation of the use of“Gentan”p robabilities in forestry p lanning
[J]. J Jap For Soc, 1985, 7 (12) : 478～485
[17]	Griesel F, v Gadow K. Naturgem ?βer-naturnaher- ? kologischerWaldbau-Begriffsbestimmungen, Konzep te und Richtlinien, Anwendungsbeisp iele
[J]. South Afr For J, 1990, 154:27～35
[M]. Institute of Forsteinrichtung, Univ. of G ? ttingen: Internal report, 1995: 20
[20]	Susmel L. Normalizzazione delle foreste alp ini-basi ecosistemicheequilibrio-modelli colturali-p roduttivita
[21]	Virgilietti P, Buongiorno J. Modelling forest growth with management data-a matrix app roach for the Italian Alp s
[M]. Padova: Liviane editrice, 1980: 437
[23]	Meyer H A. Eine mathematisch－statistische Untersuchung über denAufbau des Plenterwaldes
[J]. Silva Fennica, 1997, 31 (1) : 27～42
[J]. Schweiz Zeitschr Forstwes, 1933,84: 88～103, 124～131
[26]	Cancino J, v Gadow K. Stem Number Guide Curves for UnevenAged ForestsDevelopment and Limitations
[A]. In: v Gadow K,Nagel J, Saborowski J. Continuous Cover Forestry－Assessment, Analysis, Scenarios
[28]	v Gadow K, Puumalainen J. Scenario p lanning for sustainable forestmanagement
[29]	Schübeler D. Untersuchungen zur standortabh?ngigen Wachstumsmodellierung bei der Fichte
[C]. Goettingen: Kluwer Academic Publishers,2002: 394
[A]. In: v Gadow K, Pukkala T, ToméM. Sustainable ForestManagement. Managing Forest Ecosystems
[32]	Spellmann H, u Nagel J, B?ckmann T. Summarische Nutzungsp lanung auf derBasis von Betriebsinventurdaten
[C]. Goettingen: Kluwer Series, 2000, 1: 319～356
[34]	HilleM, Hessenm?llerD. M?hring. Evaluating alternative silvicultural regimes in a 110-year old beech forest
[35]	Sánchez2O rois S, Gurjanov M, Schr?der J. Analyse desGrundfl?chenzuwachses gleichaltriger Fichtenreinbest?nde
[M]. Goettingen: Diss UnivG?ttingen, 1997: 155
[37]	Chen BW, v Gadow K. Timber harvest p lanningwith spatial objectives, using the method of simulated annealing
[J]. Allgemeine Forstund Jagdzeitung, 1999, 170 (7) : 122～128
[A]. In: IUFRO-Symposium Prague, Provisional Proceedings, From Theory to PracticeGap s and Solutions in Managerial Economics and Accounting inForestry
[40]	陈伯望,惠刚盈, v Klaus Gadow. 线性规划、模拟退火和遗传算法在杉木人工林可持续经营中的应用和比较
[M]. Prague: Czech Republic, 1999: 94～100
[J].A llg Forst-& Jagd-Ztg, 2001 , 172 (3) : 51 ～59
[J]. ForestW Cbl,2002, 121: 25～34
[J]. 林业科学,2004, 40 (3) : 80～87

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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A Case Study in Planning for Sustainable Forest Medium-Term Management of Norway Spruce from Northern Germany

1. Research Institute of Forestry,CAF,Beijing 100091,China

2. Institut für Waldinventur und Waldwachstum der Universitt Gttingen,Büsgenweg 5,D-37077 Gttingen,Germany

3. Institut für Waldinventur und Waldwachstum der Universitt Gttingen,Büsgenweg 5,D-37077 Gttingen,Germany

Received Date: 2004-04-16

Accepted Date: 2006-05-19

Abstract: The theory of sustainable forest management provides a rich assortment of models for medium-term planning and harvest control.The different methods are applicable in specific circumstances and different types of management.A useful theoretical framework that can be used in any arbitrary system of management is the concept of multiple forest developments.The concept of multiple forest developments realizes that a forest consists of a discrete number of stands and that different treatment options can be defined for each stand.Each option has a value that can be calculated,delivers timber and other products and consumes resources at specified time periods.This simple concept can be applied in a great number of different forest management situations.It provides a methodical framework for producing practical management plans for foresters and for evaluating scenarios of forest development.In the present study,an example of Norway spruce compartment in Northern Germany including 21 stands is used to illustrate the approach.Each stand was prepared with options and their periodic timber outputs were implemented by their initial status and growth and thinning models.On the compartment level,the objective function includes two components: Net Present Worth and Even Flow of the timber harvest.The solution is obtained using the method of Simulated Annealing.The global optimized solution provided proper option for each stands as well as the best combination of two components for the entire compartment.

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Reference (44)

[1]	[M]. Tuebingen: Laupp, 1826: 428
[2]	Hundeshagen J C. Die Forstabschaetzung auf neuen wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen
[3]	Konohira Y , AmanoM. Methods for the forests allowable cut calculation in Japan
[4]	[A]. In: Carcea F . Determination of the forests; al2lowable cut in various countries of the world
[5]	Kurth H, Gerold D, Dittrich K. Reale Waldentwicklung und Zielwald-Grundlagen nachhaltiger Systemregelung des Waldes. Wiss.Zeitschr
[6]	[C]. IUFRO, Bucharets, 1986: 149 ～157
[7]	Kouba J. The theory of an estimate of the development of calamitiesand ofmanagement of the p rocess of forest adjustment to normal forest
[8]	[M]. TU Dresden: Dresden, 1987: 121～137
[9]	Suzuki T. Forest transition as a stochastic p rocess
[10]	[J]. Lesnictvi, 1989, 35 (10) : 925～944
[11]	Nabuurs G J, P ? ivinen R. Large scale forestry scenario models-acomp ilation and review. European Forest Insitute working papers 10
[12]	[J]. Mitt FBVAWien Heft, 1971, 91: 137～150
[13]	[M]. Finland: Joensuu, 1996: 174
[14]	Blandon P. Forest Economics and the Gentan ProbabilityDistribution
[15]	Randall J H, v Gadow K. An evaluation of the use of“Gentan”p robabilities in forestry p lanning
[16]	[J]. J Jap For Soc, 1985, 7 (12) : 478～485
[17]	Griesel F, v Gadow K. Naturgem ?βer-naturnaher- ? kologischerWaldbau-Begriffsbestimmungen, Konzep te und Richtlinien, Anwendungsbeisp iele
[18]	[J]. South Afr For J, 1990, 154:27～35
[19]	[M]. Institute of Forsteinrichtung, Univ. of G ? ttingen: Internal report, 1995: 20
[20]	Susmel L. Normalizzazione delle foreste alp ini-basi ecosistemicheequilibrio-modelli colturali-p roduttivita
[21]	Virgilietti P, Buongiorno J. Modelling forest growth with management data-a matrix app roach for the Italian Alp s
[22]	[M]. Padova: Liviane editrice, 1980: 437
[23]	Meyer H A. Eine mathematisch－statistische Untersuchung über denAufbau des Plenterwaldes
[24]	[J]. Silva Fennica, 1997, 31 (1) : 27～42
[25]	[J]. Schweiz Zeitschr Forstwes, 1933,84: 88～103, 124～131
[26]	Cancino J, v Gadow K. Stem Number Guide Curves for UnevenAged ForestsDevelopment and Limitations
[27]	[A]. In: v Gadow K,Nagel J, Saborowski J. Continuous Cover Forestry－Assessment, Analysis, Scenarios
[28]	v Gadow K, Puumalainen J. Scenario p lanning for sustainable forestmanagement
[29]	Schübeler D. Untersuchungen zur standortabh?ngigen Wachstumsmodellierung bei der Fichte
[30]	[C]. Goettingen: Kluwer Academic Publishers,2002: 394
[31]	[A]. In: v Gadow K, Pukkala T, ToméM. Sustainable ForestManagement. Managing Forest Ecosystems
[32]	Spellmann H, u Nagel J, B?ckmann T. Summarische Nutzungsp lanung auf derBasis von Betriebsinventurdaten
[33]	[C]. Goettingen: Kluwer Series, 2000, 1: 319～356
[34]	HilleM, Hessenm?llerD. M?hring. Evaluating alternative silvicultural regimes in a 110-year old beech forest
[35]	Sánchez2O rois S, Gurjanov M, Schr?der J. Analyse desGrundfl?chenzuwachses gleichaltriger Fichtenreinbest?nde
[36]	[M]. Goettingen: Diss UnivG?ttingen, 1997: 155
[37]	Chen BW, v Gadow K. Timber harvest p lanningwith spatial objectives, using the method of simulated annealing
[38]	[J]. Allgemeine Forstund Jagdzeitung, 1999, 170 (7) : 122～128
[39]	[A]. In: IUFRO-Symposium Prague, Provisional Proceedings, From Theory to PracticeGap s and Solutions in Managerial Economics and Accounting inForestry
[40]	陈伯望,惠刚盈, v Klaus Gadow. 线性规划、模拟退火和遗传算法在杉木人工林可持续经营中的应用和比较
[41]	[M]. Prague: Czech Republic, 1999: 94～100
[42]	[J].A llg Forst-& Jagd-Ztg, 2001 , 172 (3) : 51 ～59
[43]	[J]. ForestW Cbl,2002, 121: 25～34
[44]	[J]. 林业科学,2004, 40 (3) : 80～87

A Case Study in Planning for Sustainable Forest Medium-Term Management of Norway Spruce from Northern Germany

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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A Case Study in Planning for Sustainable Forest Medium-Term Management of Norway Spruce from Northern Germany

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