Outcrossing Ra te and Gene Flow Estima tion of Azadirach ta indica

WU Jiang-chong; PENG Xing-min; ZHENG Yi-xing; ZHANG Yan-ping

Volume 21 Issue 5

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Outcrossing Ra te and Gene Flow Estima tion of Azadirach ta indica

1.
Research Institute of Resource Insects, CAF, Kunming　650224, Yunnan, China

Received Date: 2007-12-10

Abstract

Random Amp lified Polymorphic DNA was used to estimate the outcrossing rate and gene flow ofAzadirachta indica introduced to Yuanmou County and Honghe County, Yunnan, China. Seven trees from fourpopulationswere chosen as the maternal parents, and each of their ripe seedswas collected. After germination, 23seedlings of each maternal tree were randomly selected as sib code to estimate the outcrossing rate. Each p rimeridentified outcrossed offsp ring, characterized by DNA fragments that maternal trees do not have. The cumulativeoutcrossing rate of each mother tree was calculated by a total of 12 p rimers. The average outcrossing rate of neem(Azadirachta indica A. Juss. ) was 96. 27% , with a high 95% confidence interval from 93. 50% through 99. 05%.The Daheigong population was also used for a gene flow test among the 4 populations. Two mother trees, E and F,were maternal parents, and 96 trees around them were paternal parents. Two methods, genetic exclusion andmaximum likelihood, were used to estimate gene flow of the population. With 12 p rimers, each of 2 paternal treeswas confirmed to have dispersed pollen to E and F by genetic exclusion. And maximum likelihood results indicatedthat 3 paternal trees had distributed pollen to maternal tree E, while 10 paternal trees had distributed pollen tomaternal tree F. According to the map, 52. 9% of pollen dispersal was as far as 30—50 m, and the amount ofdownwind distribution was not significantly distinct from the upwind.
- Azad irachta indica,
- RAPD,
- outcrossing rate,
- gene flow,
- paternity analysis

References

[1]	何华田,葛颂. 植物种群交配系统、亲本分析以及基因流动研究[J]. 植物生态学报, 2001, 25 (2) : 144 - 154
[2]	张大勇. 植物生活史进化与繁殖生态学[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2004: 384
[3]	Krauss S L. An evaluation of AFLP fingerp rinting technique for theanalysis of paternity in natural populations of Persoonia m ollis [J].Aust J Bot, 1998, 46 (3) : 533 - 546
[4]	Krauss S L. Restricted gene flow within the morphologically comp lexspecies Persoonia m ollis ( Proteaceae) : contrasting evidence from themating system and pollen dispersal [J]. Heredity, 1994, 3:142 - 154
[5]	Fritsch P, Rieseberg L H. High outcrossing ratesmaintain male andhermaphrodite individuals in population of the flowering p lantDatiscaglom erata [J]. Nature, 1992, 359: 633 - 636
[6]	Dow B D, AshleyM V. Microsatellite analysis of seed dispersal andparentage of sap lings in Bur oak, Quercus m acrocarpa [J].Mol Eco, 1996, 5: 615 - 627
[7]	Chaix G, Gerber S, Razafimaharo, et al. Gene flow estimation withmicrosatellites in aMalagasy seed orchard of Eucalyptus grandis[J].TheorApp l Genet, 2003, 107: 705 - 712
[8]	陈小勇,宋永昌. 自然定居青冈幼苗的亲本分析[J]. 武汉植物学研究, 2000, 18 (3) : 174 - 180
[9]	张冬梅,沈熙环,何田华,等. 利用同工酶对油松无性系种子进行父本分析[J]. 植物生态学报, 2001, 25 (2) : 165 - 173
[10]	董贞荣,陈进明,王青锋. 泽苔草交配系统的RAPD分析[J]. 武汉植物学研究, 2006, 24 (2) : 167 - 170
[11]	艾　畅,徐立安,赖焕林,等. 马尾松种子园的遗传多样性与父本分析[J]. 林业科学, 2006, 42 (11) : 146 - 150
[12]	Schmutterer H. The neem tree Azadirachta indica A. Juss. andotherMeliacious p lants: souce of unique natural p roducts for integrated pest management, medicine, industry and other purposes[M]. VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1999: 696
[13]	赖永祺. 印楝栽培[M]. 昆明:云南科技出版社, 2003: 21 - 23
[14]	彭兴民,张燕平,赖永祺,等. 印楝生物学特性及引种栽培[J].林业科学研究, 2003, 16 (1) : 75 - 80
[15]	吴疆翀,彭兴民,郑益兴,等. 印楝素含量与种子形态及成熟期关系的初步研究[J]. 林业科学研究, 2006, 19 (5) : 590 - 594
[16]	Kundu S K. The mating system and genetic significance of polycarpy in the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) [J]. TheorApp l Genet,1999, 99: 1216 - 1220
[17]	ClarkM S. 植物分子生物学实验手册[M]. 顾红雅,瞿礼嘉译.北京:高等教育出版社, 1998: 6
[18]	Snow A A, Lewis P O. Rep roductive traits and male fertility inp lants: emp irical app roaches [J]. Annu Rev Ecol Syst, 1993, 24:331 - 351
[19]	Chakrabotty R, Meagher T R, Smouse P E. Parentage analysiswithgenetic markers in natural populations. Ⅰ. The expected p roportionof offsp ring with unsmbiguous paternity[J]. Genetics, 1988, 118:527 - 536
[20]	CruzanM B. Genetic markers in p lant evolutionary ecology [J].Ecology, 1998, 79: 400 - 412
[21]	邹喻苹,葛　颂,王晓东. 系统与进化植物学中的分子标记[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社, 2001: 6
[22]	吴疆翀. 印楝繁育系统的研究[D]. 北京:中国林业科学研究院, 2007: 15 - 29
[23]	张冬梅,张华新,沈熙环,等. 油松种子园交配系统的时空变化研究[J]. 林业科学, 2004, 40 (1) : 70 - 77

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Outcrossing Ra te and Gene Flow Estima tion of Azadirach ta indica

1. Research Institute of Resource Insects, CAF, Kunming　650224, Yunnan, China

Received Date: 2007-12-10

Abstract: Random Amp lified Polymorphic DNA was used to estimate the outcrossing rate and gene flow ofAzadirachta indica introduced to Yuanmou County and Honghe County, Yunnan, China. Seven trees from fourpopulationswere chosen as the maternal parents, and each of their ripe seedswas collected. After germination, 23seedlings of each maternal tree were randomly selected as sib code to estimate the outcrossing rate. Each p rimeridentified outcrossed offsp ring, characterized by DNA fragments that maternal trees do not have. The cumulativeoutcrossing rate of each mother tree was calculated by a total of 12 p rimers. The average outcrossing rate of neem(Azadirachta indica A. Juss. ) was 96. 27% , with a high 95% confidence interval from 93. 50% through 99. 05%.The Daheigong population was also used for a gene flow test among the 4 populations. Two mother trees, E and F,were maternal parents, and 96 trees around them were paternal parents. Two methods, genetic exclusion andmaximum likelihood, were used to estimate gene flow of the population. With 12 p rimers, each of 2 paternal treeswas confirmed to have dispersed pollen to E and F by genetic exclusion. And maximum likelihood results indicatedthat 3 paternal trees had distributed pollen to maternal tree E, while 10 paternal trees had distributed pollen tomaternal tree F. According to the map, 52. 9% of pollen dispersal was as far as 30—50 m, and the amount ofdownwind distribution was not significantly distinct from the upwind.

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Reference (23)

[1]	何华田,葛颂. 植物种群交配系统、亲本分析以及基因流动研究[J]. 植物生态学报, 2001, 25 (2) : 144 - 154
[2]	张大勇. 植物生活史进化与繁殖生态学[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2004: 384
[3]	Krauss S L. An evaluation of AFLP fingerp rinting technique for theanalysis of paternity in natural populations of Persoonia m ollis [J].Aust J Bot, 1998, 46 (3) : 533 - 546
[4]	Krauss S L. Restricted gene flow within the morphologically comp lexspecies Persoonia m ollis ( Proteaceae) : contrasting evidence from themating system and pollen dispersal [J]. Heredity, 1994, 3:142 - 154
[5]	Fritsch P, Rieseberg L H. High outcrossing ratesmaintain male andhermaphrodite individuals in population of the flowering p lantDatiscaglom erata [J]. Nature, 1992, 359: 633 - 636
[6]	Dow B D, AshleyM V. Microsatellite analysis of seed dispersal andparentage of sap lings in Bur oak, Quercus m acrocarpa [J].Mol Eco, 1996, 5: 615 - 627
[7]	Chaix G, Gerber S, Razafimaharo, et al. Gene flow estimation withmicrosatellites in aMalagasy seed orchard of Eucalyptus grandis[J].TheorApp l Genet, 2003, 107: 705 - 712
[8]	陈小勇,宋永昌. 自然定居青冈幼苗的亲本分析[J]. 武汉植物学研究, 2000, 18 (3) : 174 - 180
[9]	张冬梅,沈熙环,何田华,等. 利用同工酶对油松无性系种子进行父本分析[J]. 植物生态学报, 2001, 25 (2) : 165 - 173
[10]	董贞荣,陈进明,王青锋. 泽苔草交配系统的RAPD分析[J]. 武汉植物学研究, 2006, 24 (2) : 167 - 170
[11]	艾　畅,徐立安,赖焕林,等. 马尾松种子园的遗传多样性与父本分析[J]. 林业科学, 2006, 42 (11) : 146 - 150
[12]	Schmutterer H. The neem tree Azadirachta indica A. Juss. andotherMeliacious p lants: souce of unique natural p roducts for integrated pest management, medicine, industry and other purposes[M]. VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1999: 696
[13]	赖永祺. 印楝栽培[M]. 昆明:云南科技出版社, 2003: 21 - 23
[14]	彭兴民,张燕平,赖永祺,等. 印楝生物学特性及引种栽培[J].林业科学研究, 2003, 16 (1) : 75 - 80
[15]	吴疆翀,彭兴民,郑益兴,等. 印楝素含量与种子形态及成熟期关系的初步研究[J]. 林业科学研究, 2006, 19 (5) : 590 - 594
[16]	Kundu S K. The mating system and genetic significance of polycarpy in the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) [J]. TheorApp l Genet,1999, 99: 1216 - 1220
[17]	ClarkM S. 植物分子生物学实验手册[M]. 顾红雅,瞿礼嘉译.北京:高等教育出版社, 1998: 6
[18]	Snow A A, Lewis P O. Rep roductive traits and male fertility inp lants: emp irical app roaches [J]. Annu Rev Ecol Syst, 1993, 24:331 - 351
[19]	Chakrabotty R, Meagher T R, Smouse P E. Parentage analysiswithgenetic markers in natural populations. Ⅰ. The expected p roportionof offsp ring with unsmbiguous paternity[J]. Genetics, 1988, 118:527 - 536
[20]	CruzanM B. Genetic markers in p lant evolutionary ecology [J].Ecology, 1998, 79: 400 - 412
[21]	邹喻苹,葛　颂,王晓东. 系统与进化植物学中的分子标记[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社, 2001: 6
[22]	吴疆翀. 印楝繁育系统的研究[D]. 北京:中国林业科学研究院, 2007: 15 - 29
[23]	张冬梅,张华新,沈熙环,等. 油松种子园交配系统的时空变化研究[J]. 林业科学, 2004, 40 (1) : 70 - 77

Outcrossing Ra te and Gene Flow Estima tion of Azadirach ta indica

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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Outcrossing Ra te and Gene Flow Estima tion of Azadirach ta indica

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