Relationship between External Morphology and Anatomical Structure of Precocious Walnut during Pistillate Flower-bud Differentiation

External morphology and internal anatomical structure of pistillate flower-bud of protandrous precocious walnut cultivar of 'Liaoning 1'(Juglans regia L.) were observed during bud differentiation. External morphology presented various in size, shape and squama texture and color and so on. Internal anatomical structure could be marked into five periods. A close relationship between external morphology and anatomical structure of pistillate flower-bud was found. The pistillate flower-bud were small, flat triangle, with 3-5 soft, bright green squama in flower-bud induction period ;in the pedicel differentiation stage, the pistillate flower-bud was gradually increased to broad triangle or oblate shape, the squamas added to 5-7 layers and became hard and the young leaves formed; in the period of bract differentiation, the size and shape of pistillate flower did not change obviously, its squamas had more layers and became lignifications gradually and its color varied from yellow-green to brown; in the period of perianth differentiation, the color of pistillate flower-bud changed from brown to ash-green and its squamas spread gradually; in the period of pistil differentiation, the pistillate flower bud size increased again, its squamas spread further and young leaves extended. The external morphology of pistillate flower-bud could indirectly reflect the changes of internal structure and could serve as a convenient, fast and intuitionistic indicator for flower-bud differentiation.

Abstract: External morphology and internal anatomical structure of pistillate flower-bud of protandrous precocious walnut cultivar of 'Liaoning 1'(Juglans regia L.) were observed during bud differentiation. External morphology presented various in size, shape and squama texture and color and so on. Internal anatomical structure could be marked into five periods. A close relationship between external morphology and anatomical structure of pistillate flower-bud was found. The pistillate flower-bud were small, flat triangle, with 3-5 soft, bright green squama in flower-bud induction period ;in the pedicel differentiation stage, the pistillate flower-bud was gradually increased to broad triangle or oblate shape, the squamas added to 5-7 layers and became hard and the young leaves formed; in the period of bract differentiation, the size and shape of pistillate flower did not change obviously, its squamas had more layers and became lignifications gradually and its color varied from yellow-green to brown; in the period of perianth differentiation, the color of pistillate flower-bud changed from brown to ash-green and its squamas spread gradually; in the period of pistil differentiation, the pistillate flower bud size increased again, its squamas spread further and young leaves extended. The external morphology of pistillate flower-bud could indirectly reflect the changes of internal structure and could serve as a convenient, fast and intuitionistic indicator for flower-bud differentiation.

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Reference (23)

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Relationship between External Morphology and Anatomical Structure of Precocious Walnut during Pistillate Flower-bud Differentiation

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