Variation of Cation Flux with Rain Water in a Larix principis-rupprechtii Plantation on Liupan Mountains

DU Min; WEN Shi-zhi; YANG Li-li; WANG Yan-hui; XIONG Wei; CAO Gong-xiang

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Variation of Cation Flux with Rain Water in a Larix principis-rupprechtii Plantation on Liupan Mountains

1.
College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410002, Hu'nan, China
2.
Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China

Received Date: 2012-09-22

Abstract

At a selected stand of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation growing in the small watershed of Xiangshuihe of Liupan Mountains, NW China, the variation of pH-value, cation concentration and cation flux were measured in the rain water from open field precipitation, throughfall, stem flow, leakage under humus layer and under the mineral soil layer (30 cm) in the growing season of 2011. The results showed that the mean pH-value of open field rain water was 7.13, while it was 6.73 in throughfall, 6.00 in stem flow, 6.87 in the leakage under humus layer and 7.28 in the leakage under the soil depth of 30 cm. In the rain water under canopy, which is composed of throughfall and stem flow, the concentration of nearly all cations increased more or less, but the concentration of Zn2+ decreased. Although the depth of rain water under canopy decreased as a result of canopy interception, the cation exchange or wash out from canopy led to an obvious increase of flux of most cations. The cation flux (mmol·m-2) for K+, Mg2+, H+, Mn2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+ increased from 17.23, 12.51, 0.06, 0.09, 0.13, and 0.19 of open field precipitation to 141.87, 32.93, 0.10, 0.68, 0.24, and 0.56 of rain water under canopy. However, the fluxes of Na+, Ca2+, Zn2+ decreased by the canopy, from 33.73 to 30.70, 112.91 to 75.75, and 2.05 to 1.10 respectively. In the leakage under humus layer, the concentration of most cations decreased more or less, only the concentration of Mg2+ increased slightly. Affected by the humus layer interception and the cation exchange with humus layer materials, the flux of all cations in the leakage under humus layer obviously reduced compared with the flux carried by the rain water under canopy, with a flux (mmol·m-2) of 83.06 for K+, 12.30 for Na+, 23.96 for Mg2+, 65.73 for Ca2+, 0.04 for H+, 0.12 for Mn2+, 0.09 for Cu2+, 0.13 for Zn2+, and 0.32 for Fe3+. In the leakage under the soil layer of main root system, the concentration of some cations (K+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Fe3+) reduced, while the other cations (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+) increased, especially the remarkable increase of Ca2+ concentration. Affected by the volume decrease of soil leakage and the cation exchange with soil, the flux of Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ in soil leakage increased compared with that of humus layer leakage, with the flux (mmol·m-2) of 37.49, 62.83, 202.41, 0.22, and 1.05 respectively; but the cations of K+, Cu2+, Fe3+ decreased, with the flux (mmol·m-2) of 27.14, 0.07, and 0.09 respectively. Compared with the cation input flux carried by the open field precipitation, the canopy played a role of net leakage (increase) for most cations (except Na+, Ca2+, Zn2+), while the humus layer played a role of net adsorption (decrease) for most cations (except K+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Fe3+), and the soil of main root layer played a role of net leakage (increase) for the base cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) and Mn2+, and a role of net adsorption (decrease) for other cations (H+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe3+).
- Plantation of Larix principis-rupprechtii,
- hydrological processes,
- cation,
- flux,
- variation

References

[1]	Ranger J, Turpault M P. Input-output nutrient budgets as a diagnostic tool for sustainable forest management. [J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 1999, 122:139-154
[2]	Shepard J P, Mitchell M J, Scott T J, et al. Measurements of wet and dry deposition in a Northern Hardwood forest. [J]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 1989, 48(1-2):225-238
[3]	Lindberg S E, Lovett G M, Richter D D, et al. Atmospheric deposition and canopy interactions of major ions in a forest [J]. Science, 1986, 231:141-145
[4]	Puckett L J. Estimates of ion sources in deciduous and coniferous through-fall [J]. Atmos Environ, 1990, 24:545-556
[5]	马雪华.森林水文学[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社,1993
[6]	Mayer R, Ulrich B. Input of atmospheric sulfur by dry and wet deposition to two central European forest ecosystems [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1978, 12(1-3):375-377
[7]	Matzner E, Meiwes K J. Long-term development of element fluxes with bulk precipitation and throughfall in two German forests[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 1994, 23(1):162-166
[8]	Vries W de, van der Salm C, Reinds G J, et al. Element fluxes through European forest ecosystems and their relationships with stand and site characteristics[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2007, 148(2):501-513
[9]	Bredemeier B. Forest canopy transformation of atmospheric deposition [J]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 1988, 40(1-2):121-138
[10]	王强,阮晓,李兆慧,等. 植物自毒作用及针叶林自毒作用研究进展[J]. 林业科学,2007,43(6):134-142
[11]	Wang Y H. Responses of Acidified Forest Ecosystem Under Environmental Changes [M]. Beijing: Huawen Press, 2001:191-243
[12]	谢会成,杨茂生.华北落叶松人工林营养元素的生物循环[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版, 2002, 26(5):49-52
[13]	张伟,杨新兵,李军. 冀北山地华北落叶松林生态系统水化学特征[J]. 水土保持学报, 2011, 25(4):217-220
[14]	王登芝,聂立水,李吉跃. 北京西山地区油松林水文过程中营养元素迁移特征[J]. 生态学报, 2006, 26(7):2101-2107
[15]	李海军,张毓涛,张新平, 等. 天山中部天然云杉林森林生态系统降水过程中的水质变化[J].生态学报, 2010,30(18):4828-4838
[16]	田大伦,项文化,杨晚华. 第2代杉木幼林生态系统水化学特征[J]. 生态学报, 2002,22(6):859-865
[17]	刘阳,杨新兵,陈波. 冀北山地山杨桦木林生态系统水化学特征研究[J]. 生态环境学报,2011, 20(11):1665-1669
[18]	闫文德,田大伦.会同第二代杉木林集水区水质生态效应[J].中南林学院学报, 2003, 23(2):6-10, 32
[19]	Cai Y L, Li F, Li J Y, et al. A study on rainfall chemistry of artificial forests in red earth hilly area[J]. Journal of Natural Resoures, 2003, 18(1):99-104
[20]	Vorobeichik E L, Pishchulin P G. Effect of individual trees on pH and the content of heavy metals in forest litters upon industrial contamination [J]. Eurasian Soil Science,2009,8:927-939
[21]	蒋有绪.中国森林生态系统结构与功能规律研究[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社, 1996:348-354
[22]	张胜利,李光录.秦岭火地塘森林生态系统不同层次的水质效应[J].生态学报, 2007, 27(5):1834-1838
[23]	刘菊秀,张德强,周国逸,等.鼎湖山酸沉降背景下主要森林类型水化学特征初步研究[J].应用生态学报, 2003, 14(8):1223-1228
[24]	周国逸,闫俊华.鼎湖山大气降水特征和物质元素输入对森林生态系统存在和发育的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2001, 21(12):2002-2012
[25]	Polkowska Zaneta, Astel A, Walna B, et al. Chemometric analysis of rainwater and throughfall at several sites in Poland[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2005, 38(5):837-855
[26]	Chiwa M, Crossley A, Sheppard L J, et al. Throughfall chemistry and canopy interactions in a Sitka spruce plantation sprayed with six different simulated polluted mist treatments [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2004, 127(1):57-64
[27]	方江平,项文化,刘韶辉. 西藏南伊沟原始林芝云杉林水文学过程的水化学特征[J]. 林业科学, 2010, 46(9):14-19

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Variation of Cation Flux with Rain Water in a Larix principis-rupprechtii Plantation on Liupan Mountains

1. College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410002, Hu'nan, China

2. Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China

Received Date: 2012-09-22

Abstract: At a selected stand of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation growing in the small watershed of Xiangshuihe of Liupan Mountains, NW China, the variation of pH-value, cation concentration and cation flux were measured in the rain water from open field precipitation, throughfall, stem flow, leakage under humus layer and under the mineral soil layer (30 cm) in the growing season of 2011. The results showed that the mean pH-value of open field rain water was 7.13, while it was 6.73 in throughfall, 6.00 in stem flow, 6.87 in the leakage under humus layer and 7.28 in the leakage under the soil depth of 30 cm. In the rain water under canopy, which is composed of throughfall and stem flow, the concentration of nearly all cations increased more or less, but the concentration of Zn2+ decreased. Although the depth of rain water under canopy decreased as a result of canopy interception, the cation exchange or wash out from canopy led to an obvious increase of flux of most cations. The cation flux (mmol·m-2) for K+, Mg2+, H+, Mn2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+ increased from 17.23, 12.51, 0.06, 0.09, 0.13, and 0.19 of open field precipitation to 141.87, 32.93, 0.10, 0.68, 0.24, and 0.56 of rain water under canopy. However, the fluxes of Na+, Ca2+, Zn2+ decreased by the canopy, from 33.73 to 30.70, 112.91 to 75.75, and 2.05 to 1.10 respectively. In the leakage under humus layer, the concentration of most cations decreased more or less, only the concentration of Mg2+ increased slightly. Affected by the humus layer interception and the cation exchange with humus layer materials, the flux of all cations in the leakage under humus layer obviously reduced compared with the flux carried by the rain water under canopy, with a flux (mmol·m-2) of 83.06 for K+, 12.30 for Na+, 23.96 for Mg2+, 65.73 for Ca2+, 0.04 for H+, 0.12 for Mn2+, 0.09 for Cu2+, 0.13 for Zn2+, and 0.32 for Fe3+. In the leakage under the soil layer of main root system, the concentration of some cations (K+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Fe3+) reduced, while the other cations (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+) increased, especially the remarkable increase of Ca2+ concentration. Affected by the volume decrease of soil leakage and the cation exchange with soil, the flux of Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ in soil leakage increased compared with that of humus layer leakage, with the flux (mmol·m-2) of 37.49, 62.83, 202.41, 0.22, and 1.05 respectively; but the cations of K+, Cu2+, Fe3+ decreased, with the flux (mmol·m-2) of 27.14, 0.07, and 0.09 respectively. Compared with the cation input flux carried by the open field precipitation, the canopy played a role of net leakage (increase) for most cations (except Na+, Ca2+, Zn2+), while the humus layer played a role of net adsorption (decrease) for most cations (except K+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Fe3+), and the soil of main root layer played a role of net leakage (increase) for the base cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) and Mn2+, and a role of net adsorption (decrease) for other cations (H+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe3+).

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Reference (27)

[1]	Ranger J, Turpault M P. Input-output nutrient budgets as a diagnostic tool for sustainable forest management. [J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 1999, 122:139-154
[2]	Shepard J P, Mitchell M J, Scott T J, et al. Measurements of wet and dry deposition in a Northern Hardwood forest. [J]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 1989, 48(1-2):225-238
[3]	Lindberg S E, Lovett G M, Richter D D, et al. Atmospheric deposition and canopy interactions of major ions in a forest [J]. Science, 1986, 231:141-145
[4]	Puckett L J. Estimates of ion sources in deciduous and coniferous through-fall [J]. Atmos Environ, 1990, 24:545-556
[5]	马雪华.森林水文学[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社,1993
[6]	Mayer R, Ulrich B. Input of atmospheric sulfur by dry and wet deposition to two central European forest ecosystems [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1978, 12(1-3):375-377
[7]	Matzner E, Meiwes K J. Long-term development of element fluxes with bulk precipitation and throughfall in two German forests[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 1994, 23(1):162-166
[8]	Vries W de, van der Salm C, Reinds G J, et al. Element fluxes through European forest ecosystems and their relationships with stand and site characteristics[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2007, 148(2):501-513
[9]	Bredemeier B. Forest canopy transformation of atmospheric deposition [J]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 1988, 40(1-2):121-138
[10]	王强,阮晓,李兆慧,等. 植物自毒作用及针叶林自毒作用研究进展[J]. 林业科学,2007,43(6):134-142
[11]	Wang Y H. Responses of Acidified Forest Ecosystem Under Environmental Changes [M]. Beijing: Huawen Press, 2001:191-243
[12]	谢会成,杨茂生.华北落叶松人工林营养元素的生物循环[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版, 2002, 26(5):49-52
[13]	张伟,杨新兵,李军. 冀北山地华北落叶松林生态系统水化学特征[J]. 水土保持学报, 2011, 25(4):217-220
[14]	王登芝,聂立水,李吉跃. 北京西山地区油松林水文过程中营养元素迁移特征[J]. 生态学报, 2006, 26(7):2101-2107
[15]	李海军,张毓涛,张新平, 等. 天山中部天然云杉林森林生态系统降水过程中的水质变化[J].生态学报, 2010,30(18):4828-4838
[16]	田大伦,项文化,杨晚华. 第2代杉木幼林生态系统水化学特征[J]. 生态学报, 2002,22(6):859-865
[17]	刘阳,杨新兵,陈波. 冀北山地山杨桦木林生态系统水化学特征研究[J]. 生态环境学报,2011, 20(11):1665-1669
[18]	闫文德,田大伦.会同第二代杉木林集水区水质生态效应[J].中南林学院学报, 2003, 23(2):6-10, 32
[19]	Cai Y L, Li F, Li J Y, et al. A study on rainfall chemistry of artificial forests in red earth hilly area[J]. Journal of Natural Resoures, 2003, 18(1):99-104
[20]	Vorobeichik E L, Pishchulin P G. Effect of individual trees on pH and the content of heavy metals in forest litters upon industrial contamination [J]. Eurasian Soil Science,2009,8:927-939
[21]	蒋有绪.中国森林生态系统结构与功能规律研究[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社, 1996:348-354
[22]	张胜利,李光录.秦岭火地塘森林生态系统不同层次的水质效应[J].生态学报, 2007, 27(5):1834-1838
[23]	刘菊秀,张德强,周国逸,等.鼎湖山酸沉降背景下主要森林类型水化学特征初步研究[J].应用生态学报, 2003, 14(8):1223-1228
[24]	周国逸,闫俊华.鼎湖山大气降水特征和物质元素输入对森林生态系统存在和发育的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2001, 21(12):2002-2012
[25]	Polkowska Zaneta, Astel A, Walna B, et al. Chemometric analysis of rainwater and throughfall at several sites in Poland[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2005, 38(5):837-855
[26]	Chiwa M, Crossley A, Sheppard L J, et al. Throughfall chemistry and canopy interactions in a Sitka spruce plantation sprayed with six different simulated polluted mist treatments [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2004, 127(1):57-64
[27]	方江平,项文化,刘韶辉. 西藏南伊沟原始林芝云杉林水文学过程的水化学特征[J]. 林业科学, 2010, 46(9):14-19

Variation of Cation Flux with Rain Water in a Larix principis-rupprechtii Plantation on Liupan Mountains

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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Variation of Cation Flux with Rain Water in a Larix principis-rupprechtii Plantation on Liupan Mountains

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