Canopy Leaching Characteristics of Typical Forests during Acid Rain at Jinyun Mountains, Chongqing

TANG Xiao-fen; WANG Yun-qi; WANG Yu-jie; ZHANG Hui-lan; GUO Ping; HU Bo

Volume 26 Issue 5

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Canopy Leaching Characteristics of Typical Forests during Acid Rain at Jinyun Mountains, Chongqing

1.
School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Received Date: 2012-10-28

Abstract

Based on continuous monitoring of precipitation and throughfall in the canopy layer of four typical forests, i.e. mixed coniferous forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, bamboo forest and shrubbery, at Jinyun mountains in Chongqing Municipality, the change of major ion content in precipitation, throughfall and stemflow was detected, and the characteristics of redistribution and leaching effects of the canopy layer on acid rain were analyzed. The results are as follows. (1) The equivalent concentration of major ions were in the ordered of SO42- > Ca2+ > NH4+ > Mg2+ >K+ >Na+ > NO3-. (2) The pH value decreased after rainfall passed through the forest canopy, and the stemflow was more acidic compared to throughfall. (3) The maximum concentration of anion and cation are SO42- (2.19×103 6.47×103 eq·hm-2) and Ca2+ (1.41×103 3.39×103 eq·hm-2) in throughfall. The atmospheric precipitation and plant secretion were the primary ion resources within the study area. (4) The concentration variation of one certain ion varied in different stands, demonstrating the divergence property of canopy exchange within different tree species stands. The crown leaching array of major ions from high to low in mixed coniferous forest is SO42- > Ca2+ > NO3- > K+ > NH4+ > Mg2+ >Na+, that in evergreen broad-leaved forest is SO42- > Ca2+ > K+ > NO3- > NH4+ > Mg2+ >Na+, in bamboo forest is Ca2+ > SO42- > K+>NO3- > NH4+ >Na+ > Mg2+, and in shrubbery is Ca2+ > NO3- > K+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > NH4+ > SO42-.
- acid rain leaching,
- throughfall,
- stemflow,
- nutrient content,
- Jinyun mountains

References

[1]	Balestrini R, Arisci S, Brizzio M C, et al. Dry deposition of particles and canopy exchange: comparison of wet, bulk and throughfall deposition at five forest sites in Italy[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2007,41:745-756
[2]	Balestrini R, Tagliaferri A. Atmospheric deposition and canopy exchange processes in alpine forest ecosystems (northern Italy)[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2001,35:6421-6433
[3]	Cappellato R, Peters N E. Dry deposition and canopy leaching rates in deciduous and coniferous forests of the Georgia Piedmont: an assessment of a regression model[J]. J Hydrol, 1995,169: 131-150
[4]	宋文龙,杨胜天,温志群,等. 贵州典型森林群落植被冠层的酸雨淋溶特征及缓冲作用[J]. 环境科学学报,2010,30(1):15-23
[5]	李佳,李巍.贵州地区酸雨作用下典型森林植被林冠淋溶规律研究[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(10):1297-1302
[6]	DeHayes D H, Schaberg P G, Hawley G J,et al. Acid rain impacts on calcium nutrition and forest health[J]. Bioscience, 1999, 49: 789-800
[7]	邓仕坚,陈楚莹.树冠及叶凋落物对模拟酸雨缓冲能力的初探[J].环境科学,1992,13(3): 10-17
[8]	张娜,乔玉娜.鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林大气降雨、穿透雨和树干流的养分特征[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2010,18(5):502-510
[9]	Haworth K, Mepherson G R. Effects of Quercus emoryi trees on precipitation distribution and microclimate in a semiarid savanna[J].J Arid Environ, 1995,31:153-170
[10]	李志勇,陈建军,王彦辉,等.重庆酸雨区人工木荷林对土壤化学性质的影响[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(3):632-638
[11]	李静,魏世强,杨学春,等.酸雨对缙云山林地黄壤汞溶出的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(9):1681-1683
[12]	李志勇,王彦辉,于澎涛,等.重庆酸雨区马尾松香樟混交林的土壤化学性质和林木生长特征[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(4):387-395
[13]	巩合德,王开运,杨万勤,等.川西亚高山3种森林群落穿透雨和茎流养分特征研究[J].林业科学,2005,41(5):14-20
[14]	Teng-Chiu Lin, Steven P H.Base cation leaching from the canopy of a subtropical rainforest in northeastern Taiwan [J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2001,31:1156-1163
[15]	Dezzeo N, Chacón N. Nutrient fluxes in incident rainfall, throughfall and stemflow in adjacent primary and secondary forests of the Gran Sabana, southern Venezuela[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2006,234: 218-226
[16]	樊后保.森林截留降水酸度及其对林下土坡的影响[J].福建林学院学报,1995,15(1):1-6
[17]	张西林,蒋益民,张龚,等.酸雨区亚热带针阔混交林的冠层淋溶特征[J]. 林业科学,2007,43(7):1-4
[18]	蒋益民,曾光明,曾巩,等.酸雨作用下的森林冠层盐基离子(K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺)淋洗[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2004,12(5): 425-430
[19]	Fang W,Ding M M. Hydrological dynamics and nutrient migration with precipitation of artificial Acacia mangium forest in low subtropical downland[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 1995,15(suppl.): 115-123
[20]	刘菊秀,张德强,周国逸,等.鼎湖山酸沉降背景下主要森林类型水化学特征初步研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(8):1223-1228
[21]	张娜,刘兴诏,李坤,等.南亚热带三种主要森林降雨及其再分配过程中的养分差异规律[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(2):193-200
[22]	张伟,杨新兵,李军,等.冀北山地华北落叶松林生态系统水化学特征[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(4):217-220
[23]	周光益,徐义刚,吴仲民,等. 广州市酸雨对不同森林冠层淋溶规律的研究[J]. 林业科学研究,2000,13(6):598-607
[24]	盛后财,蔡体久,朱道光,等.人工落叶松林降雨截留再分配及其水化学特征[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(2):79-83,89
[25]	Langusch J J, Borken W, Armbruster M, et al. Canopy leaching of cations in Central European forest ecosystems—a regional assessment[J]. Z Pflanzenernhr Bodenk, 2003,166: 168-174
[26]	刘菊秀,温达志,周国逸.广东鹤山酸雨地区针叶林与阔叶林降水化学特征[J].中国环境科学, 2000,20(3):198-202
[27]	Frederic A,Mathieu J,Quentin P. Effects of biological and meteorological factors on stemflow chemistry within a temperate mixed oak beech stand [J].Sei Total Environ,2008,393(1):72-83

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Canopy Leaching Characteristics of Typical Forests during Acid Rain at Jinyun Mountains, Chongqing

1. School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Received Date: 2012-10-28

Abstract: Based on continuous monitoring of precipitation and throughfall in the canopy layer of four typical forests, i.e. mixed coniferous forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, bamboo forest and shrubbery, at Jinyun mountains in Chongqing Municipality, the change of major ion content in precipitation, throughfall and stemflow was detected, and the characteristics of redistribution and leaching effects of the canopy layer on acid rain were analyzed. The results are as follows. (1) The equivalent concentration of major ions were in the ordered of SO42- > Ca2+ > NH4+ > Mg2+ >K+ >Na+ > NO3-. (2) The pH value decreased after rainfall passed through the forest canopy, and the stemflow was more acidic compared to throughfall. (3) The maximum concentration of anion and cation are SO42- (2.19×103 6.47×103 eq·hm-2) and Ca2+ (1.41×103 3.39×103 eq·hm-2) in throughfall. The atmospheric precipitation and plant secretion were the primary ion resources within the study area. (4) The concentration variation of one certain ion varied in different stands, demonstrating the divergence property of canopy exchange within different tree species stands. The crown leaching array of major ions from high to low in mixed coniferous forest is SO42- > Ca2+ > NO3- > K+ > NH4+ > Mg2+ >Na+, that in evergreen broad-leaved forest is SO42- > Ca2+ > K+ > NO3- > NH4+ > Mg2+ >Na+, in bamboo forest is Ca2+ > SO42- > K+>NO3- > NH4+ >Na+ > Mg2+, and in shrubbery is Ca2+ > NO3- > K+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > NH4+ > SO42-.

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Reference (27)

[1]	Balestrini R, Arisci S, Brizzio M C, et al. Dry deposition of particles and canopy exchange: comparison of wet, bulk and throughfall deposition at five forest sites in Italy[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2007,41:745-756
[2]	Balestrini R, Tagliaferri A. Atmospheric deposition and canopy exchange processes in alpine forest ecosystems (northern Italy)[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2001,35:6421-6433
[3]	Cappellato R, Peters N E. Dry deposition and canopy leaching rates in deciduous and coniferous forests of the Georgia Piedmont: an assessment of a regression model[J]. J Hydrol, 1995,169: 131-150
[4]	宋文龙,杨胜天,温志群,等. 贵州典型森林群落植被冠层的酸雨淋溶特征及缓冲作用[J]. 环境科学学报,2010,30(1):15-23
[5]	李佳,李巍.贵州地区酸雨作用下典型森林植被林冠淋溶规律研究[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(10):1297-1302
[6]	DeHayes D H, Schaberg P G, Hawley G J,et al. Acid rain impacts on calcium nutrition and forest health[J]. Bioscience, 1999, 49: 789-800
[7]	邓仕坚,陈楚莹.树冠及叶凋落物对模拟酸雨缓冲能力的初探[J].环境科学,1992,13(3): 10-17
[8]	张娜,乔玉娜.鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林大气降雨、穿透雨和树干流的养分特征[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2010,18(5):502-510
[9]	Haworth K, Mepherson G R. Effects of Quercus emoryi trees on precipitation distribution and microclimate in a semiarid savanna[J].J Arid Environ, 1995,31:153-170
[10]	李志勇,陈建军,王彦辉,等.重庆酸雨区人工木荷林对土壤化学性质的影响[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(3):632-638
[11]	李静,魏世强,杨学春,等.酸雨对缙云山林地黄壤汞溶出的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(9):1681-1683
[12]	李志勇,王彦辉,于澎涛,等.重庆酸雨区马尾松香樟混交林的土壤化学性质和林木生长特征[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(4):387-395
[13]	巩合德,王开运,杨万勤,等.川西亚高山3种森林群落穿透雨和茎流养分特征研究[J].林业科学,2005,41(5):14-20
[14]	Teng-Chiu Lin, Steven P H.Base cation leaching from the canopy of a subtropical rainforest in northeastern Taiwan [J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2001,31:1156-1163
[15]	Dezzeo N, Chacón N. Nutrient fluxes in incident rainfall, throughfall and stemflow in adjacent primary and secondary forests of the Gran Sabana, southern Venezuela[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2006,234: 218-226
[16]	樊后保.森林截留降水酸度及其对林下土坡的影响[J].福建林学院学报,1995,15(1):1-6
[17]	张西林,蒋益民,张龚,等.酸雨区亚热带针阔混交林的冠层淋溶特征[J]. 林业科学,2007,43(7):1-4
[18]	蒋益民,曾光明,曾巩,等.酸雨作用下的森林冠层盐基离子(K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺)淋洗[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2004,12(5): 425-430
[19]	Fang W,Ding M M. Hydrological dynamics and nutrient migration with precipitation of artificial Acacia mangium forest in low subtropical downland[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 1995,15(suppl.): 115-123
[20]	刘菊秀,张德强,周国逸,等.鼎湖山酸沉降背景下主要森林类型水化学特征初步研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(8):1223-1228
[21]	张娜,刘兴诏,李坤,等.南亚热带三种主要森林降雨及其再分配过程中的养分差异规律[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(2):193-200
[22]	张伟,杨新兵,李军,等.冀北山地华北落叶松林生态系统水化学特征[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(4):217-220
[23]	周光益,徐义刚,吴仲民,等. 广州市酸雨对不同森林冠层淋溶规律的研究[J]. 林业科学研究,2000,13(6):598-607
[24]	盛后财,蔡体久,朱道光,等.人工落叶松林降雨截留再分配及其水化学特征[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(2):79-83,89
[25]	Langusch J J, Borken W, Armbruster M, et al. Canopy leaching of cations in Central European forest ecosystems—a regional assessment[J]. Z Pflanzenernhr Bodenk, 2003,166: 168-174
[26]	刘菊秀,温达志,周国逸.广东鹤山酸雨地区针叶林与阔叶林降水化学特征[J].中国环境科学, 2000,20(3):198-202
[27]	Frederic A,Mathieu J,Quentin P. Effects of biological and meteorological factors on stemflow chemistry within a temperate mixed oak beech stand [J].Sei Total Environ,2008,393(1):72-83

Canopy Leaching Characteristics of Typical Forests during Acid Rain at Jinyun Mountains, Chongqing

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