Floral Biology of Acacia mangium

HUANG Lie-jian; ZHAN Ni; LI Jun

Volume 27 Issue 1

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Floral Biology of Acacia mangium

1.
Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, Guangdong, China

Received Date: 2012-11-02

Abstract

Pollination biology of Acacia mangium Willd. was investigated at aspects of floral phenology, floral morphology, anthesis, pollination success and so on through routine observation combined with optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in clone seed orchard at Shazui Town, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province. The result showed that the A. mangium flowers between Sep. and Oct. Its flowering was not continuous, containing 6 to 7 flowering stages. Individual plant flowered in synchrony, showing the "mass-flowering pattern". The spike inflorescence consists of (172.7±27.1) flowers, including hermaphrodite flowers and male flowers. The male flowers account to (10.35±7.78)% per spike. The pistil contained (14.11±1.05) ovules with a long, solid style. Cup-liked stigma was suitable for one polyad, which comprising 16 pollen grains. The pollen to ovule (P/O') valued 1.13. When anthesis began, Pistil was the first organ to extend and receptive making protogynous sensible. SEM revealed that the dehiscent lines existed at Stage2 and 3; however, the anthers began to dehisce at Stage 4, about 7:00－9:00 following abundant pollen shedding at 9:00－12:00. The stigmas gone through morphology changes showed as exudates were emerged apparently during the first half-day after anthesis, predicting the coming of receptivity period. The results will helpful for Acacia breeding in the future.
- Acacia mangium,
- floral phenology,
- floral morphology,
- pollination biology

References

[1]	Doran J C, Skelton D J. Acacia mangium seed collections for international provenance trials[R]. Forest genetic resource information No.11 Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization, 1982:47-53
[2]	李芳, 邓桂英. 从文献计量分析看我国马占相思的研究现状[J]. 广西林业科学, 2002, 31(4):215-217
[3]	Newman I V. Studies in the Australian Acacia Ⅱ.The life history of Acacia baileyana (F.V.M) part 1. Some ecological and vegetative features, spore production and chromosome number[J]. Linnean Journal of Botany, 1933, 49:145-171
[4]	Newman I V. Studies in the Australian Acacia Ⅳ. The life history of Acacia baileyana (F.V.M) part 2. Gametophytes, fertilization, seed production and germination, and general conclusion[C]. Proceedings of the Linnean society of new south wales, 1934, 59: 277-313
[5]	Sedgley M, Harbard J, Smith R M, et al. Reproductive biology and interspecific hybridization of Acacia mangium and A. auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)[J]. Australian Journal of Botany, 1992, 40: 37-48
[6]	Ibrahim Z, Awang K. Comparison of floral morphology, flower production and pollen yield of Acacia mangium and A. auriculiformis[C]. Advances in tropical acacia research, 1991, 35: 26-29
[7]	Moncur M W, Moran G F, Grant J E. Factors limiting seed production in Acacia mearnsii[R]. Advances in Tropical Acacia Research, 1991, 35: 64-66
[8]	Sornsathapornkul P, Owens J N. Pollination Biology in a Tropical Acacia Hybrid (A. mangium × A. auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth.)[J]. Annals of botany, 1998, 81: 631-645
[9]	Bernhardt P, Kenrick J, Knox R B. Pollination biology and the breeding system of Acacia retinodes (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)[J]. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 1984, 71: 17-29
[10]	Arroyo M T K. Breeding system and pollination biology in leguminosae[R]. Advance in legume systematics, Part Ⅱ, 1981: 723-769
[11]	Tybirk K. Flowering, pollination and seed production of Acacia nilotica[J]. Nordic Journal of Botany, 1989, 9: 375-381
[12]	Tandon R, Shivanna K R. Pollination biology and breeding system of Acacia senegal. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2001, 135: 251-262
[13]	马文宝, 施翔, 张道远, 等. 准格尔无叶豆的开花物候与生殖特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(4): 760-767
[14]	Tandon R, Shivanna K R. Pollination biology and breeding system of Acacia senegal[J]. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2001, 135:251-262
[15]	Cruden R W. Pollen-ovule ratios: A conservative indicator of breeding systems in flowering plants[J]. Evol, 1977, 31: 32-46
[16]	李艳华, 康向阳.白杨派树种雌蕊柱头可授性及其检测方法的研究[J].西北植物学报, 2007, 27(5):859-863
[17]	Herrera J. Flowering and fruiting phenology in the coastal shrublands of Dofiana South Spain[J]. Vegetatio, 1986, 68: 91-98
[18]	Sornsathapornkul P, Owens J N. Pollination Biology in a Tropical Acacia Hybrid (A.mangium × A.auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth.)[J]. Annals of botany, 1998, 81: 631-645
[19]	Stone G, Willmer P, Nee S. Daily partitioning of pollinators in an African Acacia community[J]. Proc R Soc Lond B, 1996, 263: 1389-1393
[20]	Ollerton J, Lack A. Flowering phenology: an example of relaxation of natural selection[J]. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 1992, 7: 274-276
[21]	Ollerton J, Diaz A. Evidence for stabilizing selection acting on flowering time in Arum maculatum (Araceae): the influence of phylogeny on adaptation[J]. Oecologia, 1999, 119: 340-348
[22]	Herrera J. Flowering and fruiting phonology in the coastal shrublands of Dofiana South Spain[J]. Vegetatio, 1986, 68: 9l-98
[23]	Gentry A H. Flowering phonology and diversity in tropical Bignoniaceae[J]. Biotropica, 1974, 6: 64-68
[24]	Augspurger C K. Phenology, flowering synchrony, and fruit set of six neotropical shrubs[J]. Biotropica, 1983, 15: 257-267
[25]	Bertin R I. The evolution and maintenance of andromonoecy[J]. Evolution Theory, 1982, 6: 25-32
[26]	Solomon B P. Sexual allocation and andromonoecy: resource investment in the male and hermaphrodite flowers of Solanum carolinense (Solanaceae)[J]. American Journal of Botany, 1986, 73: 1215-1221
[27]	Kenrick, J. Review of pollen-pistil interactions and their relevance to the reproductive biology of Acacia[J]. Australian Systematic Botany, 2003, 16(1): 119-130
[28]	Baranelli J L, Cocucci A A, Anton A M. Reproductive biology in Acacia caven (Mol.) Mol. (Leguminosae) in the central region of Argentina[J]. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 1995, 119: 65-76
[29]	Corbet S A, Chapman H, Saville N. Vibratory pollen collection and flower form: bumble bees on Actinidia, Symphytum, Borago and Polygonatum[J]. Functional Ecology, 1988, 2(2): 147-155
[30]	Kenrick J, Knox R B. Structure and histochemistry of the stigma and style of some Australian species of Acacia[J]. Australian Journal of Botany, 1981, 29: 733-745
[31]	Tandon R and Shivanna K R. Pollination biology and breeding system of Acacia senegal[J]. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2001, 135: 251-262
[32]	Knox R B, Kenrick J. Polyad function in relation to the breeding system of Acacia[J]. Pollen biology, 1983: 411-417
[33]	Wagner D. Pollen viability reduction as a potential cost of ant association for Acacia constricta (Fabaceae)[J]. American Journal of Botany, 2000, 87(5): 711-715
[34]	Tybirk K. Flowering, pollination and seed production of Acacia nilotica[J]. Nordic Journal of Botany, 1989, 9: 375-381

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Floral Biology of Acacia mangium

1. Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, Guangdong, China

Received Date: 2012-11-02

Abstract: Pollination biology of Acacia mangium Willd. was investigated at aspects of floral phenology, floral morphology, anthesis, pollination success and so on through routine observation combined with optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in clone seed orchard at Shazui Town, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province. The result showed that the A. mangium flowers between Sep. and Oct. Its flowering was not continuous, containing 6 to 7 flowering stages. Individual plant flowered in synchrony, showing the "mass-flowering pattern". The spike inflorescence consists of (172.7±27.1) flowers, including hermaphrodite flowers and male flowers. The male flowers account to (10.35±7.78)% per spike. The pistil contained (14.11±1.05) ovules with a long, solid style. Cup-liked stigma was suitable for one polyad, which comprising 16 pollen grains. The pollen to ovule (P/O') valued 1.13. When anthesis began, Pistil was the first organ to extend and receptive making protogynous sensible. SEM revealed that the dehiscent lines existed at Stage2 and 3; however, the anthers began to dehisce at Stage 4, about 7:00－9:00 following abundant pollen shedding at 9:00－12:00. The stigmas gone through morphology changes showed as exudates were emerged apparently during the first half-day after anthesis, predicting the coming of receptivity period. The results will helpful for Acacia breeding in the future.

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Reference (34)

[1]	Doran J C, Skelton D J. Acacia mangium seed collections for international provenance trials[R]. Forest genetic resource information No.11 Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization, 1982:47-53
[2]	李芳, 邓桂英. 从文献计量分析看我国马占相思的研究现状[J]. 广西林业科学, 2002, 31(4):215-217
[3]	Newman I V. Studies in the Australian Acacia Ⅱ.The life history of Acacia baileyana (F.V.M) part 1. Some ecological and vegetative features, spore production and chromosome number[J]. Linnean Journal of Botany, 1933, 49:145-171
[4]	Newman I V. Studies in the Australian Acacia Ⅳ. The life history of Acacia baileyana (F.V.M) part 2. Gametophytes, fertilization, seed production and germination, and general conclusion[C]. Proceedings of the Linnean society of new south wales, 1934, 59: 277-313
[5]	Sedgley M, Harbard J, Smith R M, et al. Reproductive biology and interspecific hybridization of Acacia mangium and A. auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)[J]. Australian Journal of Botany, 1992, 40: 37-48
[6]	Ibrahim Z, Awang K. Comparison of floral morphology, flower production and pollen yield of Acacia mangium and A. auriculiformis[C]. Advances in tropical acacia research, 1991, 35: 26-29
[7]	Moncur M W, Moran G F, Grant J E. Factors limiting seed production in Acacia mearnsii[R]. Advances in Tropical Acacia Research, 1991, 35: 64-66
[8]	Sornsathapornkul P, Owens J N. Pollination Biology in a Tropical Acacia Hybrid (A. mangium × A. auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth.)[J]. Annals of botany, 1998, 81: 631-645
[9]	Bernhardt P, Kenrick J, Knox R B. Pollination biology and the breeding system of Acacia retinodes (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)[J]. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 1984, 71: 17-29
[10]	Arroyo M T K. Breeding system and pollination biology in leguminosae[R]. Advance in legume systematics, Part Ⅱ, 1981: 723-769
[11]	Tybirk K. Flowering, pollination and seed production of Acacia nilotica[J]. Nordic Journal of Botany, 1989, 9: 375-381
[12]	Tandon R, Shivanna K R. Pollination biology and breeding system of Acacia senegal. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2001, 135: 251-262
[13]	马文宝, 施翔, 张道远, 等. 准格尔无叶豆的开花物候与生殖特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(4): 760-767
[14]	Tandon R, Shivanna K R. Pollination biology and breeding system of Acacia senegal[J]. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2001, 135:251-262
[15]	Cruden R W. Pollen-ovule ratios: A conservative indicator of breeding systems in flowering plants[J]. Evol, 1977, 31: 32-46
[16]	李艳华, 康向阳.白杨派树种雌蕊柱头可授性及其检测方法的研究[J].西北植物学报, 2007, 27(5):859-863
[17]	Herrera J. Flowering and fruiting phenology in the coastal shrublands of Dofiana South Spain[J]. Vegetatio, 1986, 68: 91-98
[18]	Sornsathapornkul P, Owens J N. Pollination Biology in a Tropical Acacia Hybrid (A.mangium × A.auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth.)[J]. Annals of botany, 1998, 81: 631-645
[19]	Stone G, Willmer P, Nee S. Daily partitioning of pollinators in an African Acacia community[J]. Proc R Soc Lond B, 1996, 263: 1389-1393
[20]	Ollerton J, Lack A. Flowering phenology: an example of relaxation of natural selection[J]. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 1992, 7: 274-276
[21]	Ollerton J, Diaz A. Evidence for stabilizing selection acting on flowering time in Arum maculatum (Araceae): the influence of phylogeny on adaptation[J]. Oecologia, 1999, 119: 340-348
[22]	Herrera J. Flowering and fruiting phonology in the coastal shrublands of Dofiana South Spain[J]. Vegetatio, 1986, 68: 9l-98
[23]	Gentry A H. Flowering phonology and diversity in tropical Bignoniaceae[J]. Biotropica, 1974, 6: 64-68
[24]	Augspurger C K. Phenology, flowering synchrony, and fruit set of six neotropical shrubs[J]. Biotropica, 1983, 15: 257-267
[25]	Bertin R I. The evolution and maintenance of andromonoecy[J]. Evolution Theory, 1982, 6: 25-32
[26]	Solomon B P. Sexual allocation and andromonoecy: resource investment in the male and hermaphrodite flowers of Solanum carolinense (Solanaceae)[J]. American Journal of Botany, 1986, 73: 1215-1221
[27]	Kenrick, J. Review of pollen-pistil interactions and their relevance to the reproductive biology of Acacia[J]. Australian Systematic Botany, 2003, 16(1): 119-130
[28]	Baranelli J L, Cocucci A A, Anton A M. Reproductive biology in Acacia caven (Mol.) Mol. (Leguminosae) in the central region of Argentina[J]. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 1995, 119: 65-76
[29]	Corbet S A, Chapman H, Saville N. Vibratory pollen collection and flower form: bumble bees on Actinidia, Symphytum, Borago and Polygonatum[J]. Functional Ecology, 1988, 2(2): 147-155
[30]	Kenrick J, Knox R B. Structure and histochemistry of the stigma and style of some Australian species of Acacia[J]. Australian Journal of Botany, 1981, 29: 733-745
[31]	Tandon R and Shivanna K R. Pollination biology and breeding system of Acacia senegal[J]. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2001, 135: 251-262
[32]	Knox R B, Kenrick J. Polyad function in relation to the breeding system of Acacia[J]. Pollen biology, 1983: 411-417
[33]	Wagner D. Pollen viability reduction as a potential cost of ant association for Acacia constricta (Fabaceae)[J]. American Journal of Botany, 2000, 87(5): 711-715
[34]	Tybirk K. Flowering, pollination and seed production of Acacia nilotica[J]. Nordic Journal of Botany, 1989, 9: 375-381

Floral Biology of Acacia mangium

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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Floral Biology of Acacia mangium

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