Development of Lepidoptera Wings of Bombyx mori L. and Its Value on Bionics

CHEN Hang; ZHANG Wen-feng; TANG Yu-chong; SUN Shu-feng; LIU Jin-guo

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Citation:

Development of Lepidoptera Wings of Bombyx mori L. and Its Value on Bionics

1.
Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China

Received Date: 2013-09-08

Abstract

Taking Bombyx mori L as research object, its pupa were regularly anatomized and the characteristic parameters of thirty different individuals of Lepidoptera wings were microscopically measured. The results show that the development period within the pupal phase is 12-15 days, and can be divided into four stages. The wing presents different development characteristics at each stage. The forewing is triangle with 22.243 mm in perimeter and 28.305 mm2 in area and the length of nine primary veins is between 3-8 mm. As a sector, the circumference of hind wing is 16.571 mm with 19.936 mm2 in area, while the length of nine primary veins is between 2-6 mm. There are great changes in the perimeter and area of Lepidoptera wings after eclosion. As the forewing for example, the perimeter increase as 1.9 times and area of 3.1 times as those in late pupae period. For the hind wing, the perimeter increase as 2.1 times and area of 3.8 times as those in late pupae period. Namely Lepidoptera wings acquire larger surface area through the procession of eclosion. And there is no significant change in the location of veins while the length is 2.1 times as that of the late pupae period. By tracking the dynamic development of Lepidoptera and holographic recording the whole process of eclosion of B. mori, a insect-inspired deployable structure is put forward to afford design ideas and basic data for the development of new space deployment structure.
- Bombyx mori L,
- Lepidoptera wings development,
- deployable structure,
- insect bionics

References

[1]	向仲怀.蚕丝生物学[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2005:8－29;82－106;254－285
[2]	陆星垣, 高一陵, 吕鸿声, 等. 中国农业百科全书:蚕业卷[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社.1987:5－10
[3]	徐俊良, 时连根.中国家蚕(Bombyx mori L.) 生理学研究的回顾与展望[M]//时连根.蚕学研究—徐俊良教授文选, 北京:中国农业科技出版社, 2004:101－110
[4]	向仲怀.家蚕遗传育种学[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1994:6－23;105－151
[5]	Xia Q Y. A draft sequence for the genome of the domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori)[J]. Science, 2004, 306 (5703): 1937-1940
[6]	夏庆友, 向仲怀.家蚕基因组计划2000-2007[M].重庆:西南师范大学出版, 2008:1－200
[7]	秦俭, 袁联伟.我国家蚕基因组的最新研究[J].蚕业科学, 2010, 36(1):115－119
[8]	Binkley J F, Cheng P G, Smith P L. From data collection to lessons learned space failure information exploitation at the aerospace corporation[C]. First International Forum on Integrated System Health Engineering and Management in Aerospace. California, USA. 2005:1-12
[9]	Gruber P, Imhof B. Transformation: Structure/space studies in bionics and space design[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2007, 60(10): 561-570
[10]	马兴瑞, 于登云, 孙京, 等.空间飞行器展开与驱动机构研究进展[J].宇航学报, 2006, 27(6):1123－1131
[11]	Hass F, Wootton R J. Two basic mechanisms in insect wing folding[J]. Proc R Soc Lond B, 1996, 263(1377): 1651-1658
[12]	Gorb S N, Goodwyn P J P. Wing-locking mechanisms in aquatic Heteroptera[J]. Journal of Morphology, 2003, 257(2): 127-146
[13]	刘克松, 江雷.仿生结构及其功能材料研究进展[J].科学通报, 2009, 54(18):2667－2681
[14]	周尧. 中国蝴蝶分类与鉴定[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社, 1998
[15]	陈晓鸣, 周成理, 史军义, 等, 中国观赏蝴蝶[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2008
[16]	赵汗青, 沈佐锐, 于新文.数学形态学在昆虫分类学上的应用研究I.在目级阶元上的应用研究[J].昆虫学报, 2003, 46(1):45－50
[17]	尹文英, 宋大祥, 杨星科, 等.六足动物(昆虫)系统发生的研究[M].北京:科学出版社, 2008
[18]	Anders A, Lauri K. Variation of wing venation in Elachistidae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea): methodology and implications to systematic[J]. Systematic Entomology, 1997, 22(3): 185-198
[19]	Tofilski A. Draw wing, a program for numerical description of insect wings[J]. Journal of Insect Science, 2004, 4(17): 5-6
[20]	黄豁, 茆琛.基因组研究为何选中家蚕为"代表生物"[J].蚕学通迅, 2004, 24(1):18－19
[21]	童晓玲, 家蚕翅模式决定基因的克隆、表达及功能研究[D];西南大学, 2008
[22]	Kawasaki H, Iwashita Y. Development of the wing disc in the fifth larval instar of Bombyx mori[J]The Journal of Sericultural Science of Japan, 1987, 56(2): 89-98
[23]	Kawasaki H, Ote M, Okano K, et al. Change in the expressed gene patterns of the wing disc during the metamorphosis of Bombyx mori[J]. Gene, 2004, 343(1): 133-142
[24]	Dhawanl S, Gopinathan K P. Expression profiling of homeobox genes in silk gland development in the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori[J]. Development Genes and Evolution, 2003, 213(11): 523-533
[25]	Hughes C L, Kaufman T C. Hox genes and the evolution of the arthropod body plan[J]. Evolution and Development, 2002, 4(6): 459-499
[26]	陈晓鸣, 冯颖. 资源昆虫学概论[M].北京:科学出版社, 2009
[27]	Lewin R. On the Origin of Insect Wings: Experimental data on thermoregulation and aerodynamics give the first quantitative test of a popular hypothesis for the evolution of flight in insects[J]. Science, 1985, 230(4724): 428-429
[28]	Gorb S N. Ultrastructrual architecture of the microtrichia of the insect cuticle[J]. Journal of Morphology, 1997, 234(1): 1-10
[29]	Gorb S N. Frictional surfaces of the elytra-to-body arresting mechanism in tenebrionid beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): design of co-opted fields of mecrotrichia and cuticle ultrastructure[J]. International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology, 1998, 27(3): 205-225
[30]	戴振东, 张亚锋, 梁醒财, 等.甲虫鞘翅间的锁合机构、联接力及其表面织构效应[J].中国科学C辑: 生命科学, 2008, 38(6):542－549
[31]	Kango-Singh M, Singh A, Gopinathan K P. The wings of Bombyx mori develop from larval discs exhibiting an early differentiated state: a preliminary report[J]. J Biosci, 2001, 26(2): 167-177

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Development of Lepidoptera Wings of Bombyx mori L. and Its Value on Bionics

1. Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China

2. State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China

Received Date: 2013-09-08

Abstract: Taking Bombyx mori L as research object, its pupa were regularly anatomized and the characteristic parameters of thirty different individuals of Lepidoptera wings were microscopically measured. The results show that the development period within the pupal phase is 12-15 days, and can be divided into four stages. The wing presents different development characteristics at each stage. The forewing is triangle with 22.243 mm in perimeter and 28.305 mm2 in area and the length of nine primary veins is between 3-8 mm. As a sector, the circumference of hind wing is 16.571 mm with 19.936 mm2 in area, while the length of nine primary veins is between 2-6 mm. There are great changes in the perimeter and area of Lepidoptera wings after eclosion. As the forewing for example, the perimeter increase as 1.9 times and area of 3.1 times as those in late pupae period. For the hind wing, the perimeter increase as 2.1 times and area of 3.8 times as those in late pupae period. Namely Lepidoptera wings acquire larger surface area through the procession of eclosion. And there is no significant change in the location of veins while the length is 2.1 times as that of the late pupae period. By tracking the dynamic development of Lepidoptera and holographic recording the whole process of eclosion of B. mori, a insect-inspired deployable structure is put forward to afford design ideas and basic data for the development of new space deployment structure.

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Reference (31)

[1]	向仲怀.蚕丝生物学[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2005:8－29;82－106;254－285
[2]	陆星垣, 高一陵, 吕鸿声, 等. 中国农业百科全书:蚕业卷[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社.1987:5－10
[3]	徐俊良, 时连根.中国家蚕(Bombyx mori L.) 生理学研究的回顾与展望[M]//时连根.蚕学研究—徐俊良教授文选, 北京:中国农业科技出版社, 2004:101－110
[4]	向仲怀.家蚕遗传育种学[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1994:6－23;105－151
[5]	Xia Q Y. A draft sequence for the genome of the domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori)[J]. Science, 2004, 306 (5703): 1937-1940
[6]	夏庆友, 向仲怀.家蚕基因组计划2000-2007[M].重庆:西南师范大学出版, 2008:1－200
[7]	秦俭, 袁联伟.我国家蚕基因组的最新研究[J].蚕业科学, 2010, 36(1):115－119
[8]	Binkley J F, Cheng P G, Smith P L. From data collection to lessons learned space failure information exploitation at the aerospace corporation[C]. First International Forum on Integrated System Health Engineering and Management in Aerospace. California, USA. 2005:1-12
[9]	Gruber P, Imhof B. Transformation: Structure/space studies in bionics and space design[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2007, 60(10): 561-570
[10]	马兴瑞, 于登云, 孙京, 等.空间飞行器展开与驱动机构研究进展[J].宇航学报, 2006, 27(6):1123－1131
[11]	Hass F, Wootton R J. Two basic mechanisms in insect wing folding[J]. Proc R Soc Lond B, 1996, 263(1377): 1651-1658
[12]	Gorb S N, Goodwyn P J P. Wing-locking mechanisms in aquatic Heteroptera[J]. Journal of Morphology, 2003, 257(2): 127-146
[13]	刘克松, 江雷.仿生结构及其功能材料研究进展[J].科学通报, 2009, 54(18):2667－2681
[14]	周尧. 中国蝴蝶分类与鉴定[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社, 1998
[15]	陈晓鸣, 周成理, 史军义, 等, 中国观赏蝴蝶[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2008
[16]	赵汗青, 沈佐锐, 于新文.数学形态学在昆虫分类学上的应用研究I.在目级阶元上的应用研究[J].昆虫学报, 2003, 46(1):45－50
[17]	尹文英, 宋大祥, 杨星科, 等.六足动物(昆虫)系统发生的研究[M].北京:科学出版社, 2008
[18]	Anders A, Lauri K. Variation of wing venation in Elachistidae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea): methodology and implications to systematic[J]. Systematic Entomology, 1997, 22(3): 185-198
[19]	Tofilski A. Draw wing, a program for numerical description of insect wings[J]. Journal of Insect Science, 2004, 4(17): 5-6
[20]	黄豁, 茆琛.基因组研究为何选中家蚕为"代表生物"[J].蚕学通迅, 2004, 24(1):18－19
[21]	童晓玲, 家蚕翅模式决定基因的克隆、表达及功能研究[D];西南大学, 2008
[22]	Kawasaki H, Iwashita Y. Development of the wing disc in the fifth larval instar of Bombyx mori[J]The Journal of Sericultural Science of Japan, 1987, 56(2): 89-98
[23]	Kawasaki H, Ote M, Okano K, et al. Change in the expressed gene patterns of the wing disc during the metamorphosis of Bombyx mori[J]. Gene, 2004, 343(1): 133-142
[24]	Dhawanl S, Gopinathan K P. Expression profiling of homeobox genes in silk gland development in the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori[J]. Development Genes and Evolution, 2003, 213(11): 523-533
[25]	Hughes C L, Kaufman T C. Hox genes and the evolution of the arthropod body plan[J]. Evolution and Development, 2002, 4(6): 459-499
[26]	陈晓鸣, 冯颖. 资源昆虫学概论[M].北京:科学出版社, 2009
[27]	Lewin R. On the Origin of Insect Wings: Experimental data on thermoregulation and aerodynamics give the first quantitative test of a popular hypothesis for the evolution of flight in insects[J]. Science, 1985, 230(4724): 428-429
[28]	Gorb S N. Ultrastructrual architecture of the microtrichia of the insect cuticle[J]. Journal of Morphology, 1997, 234(1): 1-10
[29]	Gorb S N. Frictional surfaces of the elytra-to-body arresting mechanism in tenebrionid beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): design of co-opted fields of mecrotrichia and cuticle ultrastructure[J]. International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology, 1998, 27(3): 205-225
[30]	戴振东, 张亚锋, 梁醒财, 等.甲虫鞘翅间的锁合机构、联接力及其表面织构效应[J].中国科学C辑: 生命科学, 2008, 38(6):542－549
[31]	Kango-Singh M, Singh A, Gopinathan K P. The wings of Bombyx mori develop from larval discs exhibiting an early differentiated state: a preliminary report[J]. J Biosci, 2001, 26(2): 167-177

Development of Lepidoptera Wings of Bombyx mori L. and Its Value on Bionics

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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Development of Lepidoptera Wings of Bombyx mori L. and Its Value on Bionics

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