The Influence of Forest Gap on Seedling Regeneration of Schima superba after Heavy Snowstorm

GE Xiao-gai; ZHOU Ben-zhi; WANG Gang; CAO Yong-hui; WANG Xiao-ming

Volume 27 Issue 4

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The Influence of Forest Gap on Seedling Regeneration of Schima superba after Heavy Snowstorm

1.
Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, Zhejiang, China

Received Date: 2013-12-05

Abstract

Forest gap interference is one of the important factors maintaining forest ecosystems. It also plays an important role in driving seedling natural renewal process, forest species composition and forest biodiversity. In this study, the size structure, seedling regeneration, growth of forest gap on Schima superba in Jianglang Mountain of Zhejiang Province after 2008 snowstorm interference were evaluated, the results showed that the quantity of 50~100 m2 forest gaps in expanded gaps was the most (accounted for 45.45% of the total), which also occupied the highest percentage in area (accounted for 30.31% of the total area). The mean seedling height and basal diameter of forest gap were 1.44 cm and 0.66 mm higher than that of the control, while the average tree height and basal saplings were 45.37 cm and 5.00 mm higher than that of the control. The effect of forest gap size on seedling, saplings height and basal diameter was significant. The seedling height and basal diameter in medium size forest gap were significantly higher than that in small and maximum forest gaps (F=4.893, P=0.007, F=5.203, P=0.004; n=357). The difference of the basal diameter in different size forest gaps was significant (F=3.569, P=0.037; n=43). The forest gaps' seedlings regeneration density increased with the area of forest gaps, which reached its maximum value when the forest gap area was 76 m2, then the density decreased rapidly with the area of forest gap. Most regenerated seedlings in medium and small area forest gaps was low plants (grade 1 and 2), the S. superba seedling grew faster when the forest gaps area larger than 100 m2. Compared with other studies on natural forest gaps, the structure and size distribution of forest gaps changed after snowstorm interfere, the percentage of forest gaps with the area of 50 100 m2 was higher, which was more conducive to seedling regeneration and relatively large seedling regeneration density at some extents. No matter the size of the forest gaps, the quantity of seedlings in forest gaps was more than that within forest, the forest with larger canopy density or on a large area of open space is not conducive to the growth of regenerated seedlings. Therefore, based on the structure of forest gaps, seedling regeneration and seedling growth, the forest gap with medium area is suitable for the regeneration of seedlings.
- snowstorm,
- forest gap,
- Schima superba,
- size structure of forest gap,
- seedling regeneration

References

[1]	王家华, 李建东. 林窗研究进展[J]. 世界林业研究, 2006, 19(1): 27-30
[2]	班勇. 自然干扰与森林林冠孔隙动态[J]. 生态学杂志, 1996, 15(3): 43-49
[3]	吴宁. 贡嘎山东坡亚高山针叶林的林窗动态研究[J]. 植物生态学报, 1999, 23(3): 228-237
[4]	Zhou B Z, Gu L H, Ding Y H, et al. The great 2008 Chinese ice storm its socioeconomic-ecological impact and sustainability lessons learned [J]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2011, 91(1): 47-60
[5]	李晓靖, 周本智, 曹永慧, 等. 南方雪灾灾后受木荷萌枝光合生理特性[J]. 生态学杂志, 2011, 30(12): 2753-2760
[6]	徐涵湄, 丁九敏, 刘胜, 等. 雪灾对武夷山毛竹林凋落物分解动态的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版, 2010, 34(3): 131-135
[7]	丁九敏, 卜晓莉, 刘胜, 等. 2008年雪灾对武夷山毛竹林土壤微生物生物量氮和可溶性氮的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2010, 29(3): 517-522
[8]	霍常富, 赵晓敏, 鲁旭阳, 等. 林窗模型研究进展[J]. 世界林业研究, 2009, 22(6): 43-48
[9]	刘文杰, 李庆军, 张光明, 等. 西双版纳望天树林林窗小气候特征研究[J]. 植物生态学报, 2000, 24(3): 356-361
[10]	何中声, 刘金福, 郑世群, 等. 林窗对格氏栲天然林更新层物种多样性和稳定性的影响[J]. 植物科学学报, 2012, 30(2): 133-140
[11]	张希彪, 王瑞娟, 周天林, 等. 黄土丘陵区油松天然次生林林窗特征与更新动态[J]. 应用生态学报, 2008, 19(10): 2103-2108
[12]	韩文娟, 袁晓青, 张文辉. 油松人工林林窗对幼苗天然更新的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2012, 23(11): 2940-2948
[13]	祁承经, 汤庚国. 树木学(南方版)[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2005
[14]	Runkle J R. Gap regeneration in some old-growth forest of the eastern United States[J]. Ecology, 1981, 62(4): 1041-1051
[15]	Canham C D, Denslow J S, Platt W J, et al. Light regimes beneath closed canopies and tree-fall gaps in temperate and tropical forests[J]. Canadian Journal Forest Research, 1990, 20(5): 620-631
[16]	Watt A S. Pattern and process in the plant community[J]. Journal of Ecology, 1947, 35(1/2): 1-22
[17]	刘庆, 吴彦. 滇西北亚高山针叶林林窗大小与更新的初步分析[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2002, 8(5): 453-459
[18]	李永兵, 王辉, 付菁. 子午岭辽东栎林林窗主要树种更新生态位[J]. 生态学杂志, 2008, 27(12): 2062-2066
[19]	刘庆. 林窗对长苞冷杉自然更新幼苗存活和生长的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2004, 28(2): 204-209
[20]	陶建平, 臧润国. 海南霸王岭热带山地雨林林隙幼苗库动态规律研究[J]. 林业科学, 2004, 40(3): 33-38
[21]	何中声. 格氏栲天然林林窗微环境特征及幼苗更新动态研究[D]. 福州:福建农林大学, 2012
[22]	张志国, 马遵平, 刘何铭, 等. 天童常绿阔叶林林窗的地形分布格局[J]. 应用生态学报, 2013, 24(3): 621-625
[23]	Zhu J J, Matsuzaki T, Lee F O, et al. Effect of gap size created by thinning on seedling emergency, survival and establishment in coastal pine forest[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2003, 182(1-3): 339-354
[24]	张立杰. 祁连山青海云杉林窗特征及更新特点的研究[D]. 兰州:甘肃农业大学, 2006
[25]	谭辉, 朱教君, 康宏樟, 等. 林窗干扰研究[J]. 生态学杂志, 2007, 26(4): 587-594
[26]	鲜骏仁, 胡庭兴, 张远彬, 等. 林窗对川西亚高山岷江冷杉幼苗生物量及其分配格局的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2007, 18(4): 721-727

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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The Influence of Forest Gap on Seedling Regeneration of Schima superba after Heavy Snowstorm

1. Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, Zhejiang, China

Received Date: 2013-12-05

Abstract: Forest gap interference is one of the important factors maintaining forest ecosystems. It also plays an important role in driving seedling natural renewal process, forest species composition and forest biodiversity. In this study, the size structure, seedling regeneration, growth of forest gap on Schima superba in Jianglang Mountain of Zhejiang Province after 2008 snowstorm interference were evaluated, the results showed that the quantity of 50~100 m2 forest gaps in expanded gaps was the most (accounted for 45.45% of the total), which also occupied the highest percentage in area (accounted for 30.31% of the total area). The mean seedling height and basal diameter of forest gap were 1.44 cm and 0.66 mm higher than that of the control, while the average tree height and basal saplings were 45.37 cm and 5.00 mm higher than that of the control. The effect of forest gap size on seedling, saplings height and basal diameter was significant. The seedling height and basal diameter in medium size forest gap were significantly higher than that in small and maximum forest gaps (F=4.893, P=0.007, F=5.203, P=0.004; n=357). The difference of the basal diameter in different size forest gaps was significant (F=3.569, P=0.037; n=43). The forest gaps' seedlings regeneration density increased with the area of forest gaps, which reached its maximum value when the forest gap area was 76 m2, then the density decreased rapidly with the area of forest gap. Most regenerated seedlings in medium and small area forest gaps was low plants (grade 1 and 2), the S. superba seedling grew faster when the forest gaps area larger than 100 m2. Compared with other studies on natural forest gaps, the structure and size distribution of forest gaps changed after snowstorm interfere, the percentage of forest gaps with the area of 50 100 m2 was higher, which was more conducive to seedling regeneration and relatively large seedling regeneration density at some extents. No matter the size of the forest gaps, the quantity of seedlings in forest gaps was more than that within forest, the forest with larger canopy density or on a large area of open space is not conducive to the growth of regenerated seedlings. Therefore, based on the structure of forest gaps, seedling regeneration and seedling growth, the forest gap with medium area is suitable for the regeneration of seedlings.

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Reference (26)

[1]	王家华, 李建东. 林窗研究进展[J]. 世界林业研究, 2006, 19(1): 27-30
[2]	班勇. 自然干扰与森林林冠孔隙动态[J]. 生态学杂志, 1996, 15(3): 43-49
[3]	吴宁. 贡嘎山东坡亚高山针叶林的林窗动态研究[J]. 植物生态学报, 1999, 23(3): 228-237
[4]	Zhou B Z, Gu L H, Ding Y H, et al. The great 2008 Chinese ice storm its socioeconomic-ecological impact and sustainability lessons learned [J]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2011, 91(1): 47-60
[5]	李晓靖, 周本智, 曹永慧, 等. 南方雪灾灾后受木荷萌枝光合生理特性[J]. 生态学杂志, 2011, 30(12): 2753-2760
[6]	徐涵湄, 丁九敏, 刘胜, 等. 雪灾对武夷山毛竹林凋落物分解动态的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版, 2010, 34(3): 131-135
[7]	丁九敏, 卜晓莉, 刘胜, 等. 2008年雪灾对武夷山毛竹林土壤微生物生物量氮和可溶性氮的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2010, 29(3): 517-522
[8]	霍常富, 赵晓敏, 鲁旭阳, 等. 林窗模型研究进展[J]. 世界林业研究, 2009, 22(6): 43-48
[9]	刘文杰, 李庆军, 张光明, 等. 西双版纳望天树林林窗小气候特征研究[J]. 植物生态学报, 2000, 24(3): 356-361
[10]	何中声, 刘金福, 郑世群, 等. 林窗对格氏栲天然林更新层物种多样性和稳定性的影响[J]. 植物科学学报, 2012, 30(2): 133-140
[11]	张希彪, 王瑞娟, 周天林, 等. 黄土丘陵区油松天然次生林林窗特征与更新动态[J]. 应用生态学报, 2008, 19(10): 2103-2108
[12]	韩文娟, 袁晓青, 张文辉. 油松人工林林窗对幼苗天然更新的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2012, 23(11): 2940-2948
[13]	祁承经, 汤庚国. 树木学(南方版)[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2005
[14]	Runkle J R. Gap regeneration in some old-growth forest of the eastern United States[J]. Ecology, 1981, 62(4): 1041-1051
[15]	Canham C D, Denslow J S, Platt W J, et al. Light regimes beneath closed canopies and tree-fall gaps in temperate and tropical forests[J]. Canadian Journal Forest Research, 1990, 20(5): 620-631
[16]	Watt A S. Pattern and process in the plant community[J]. Journal of Ecology, 1947, 35(1/2): 1-22
[17]	刘庆, 吴彦. 滇西北亚高山针叶林林窗大小与更新的初步分析[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2002, 8(5): 453-459
[18]	李永兵, 王辉, 付菁. 子午岭辽东栎林林窗主要树种更新生态位[J]. 生态学杂志, 2008, 27(12): 2062-2066
[19]	刘庆. 林窗对长苞冷杉自然更新幼苗存活和生长的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2004, 28(2): 204-209
[20]	陶建平, 臧润国. 海南霸王岭热带山地雨林林隙幼苗库动态规律研究[J]. 林业科学, 2004, 40(3): 33-38
[21]	何中声. 格氏栲天然林林窗微环境特征及幼苗更新动态研究[D]. 福州:福建农林大学, 2012
[22]	张志国, 马遵平, 刘何铭, 等. 天童常绿阔叶林林窗的地形分布格局[J]. 应用生态学报, 2013, 24(3): 621-625
[23]	Zhu J J, Matsuzaki T, Lee F O, et al. Effect of gap size created by thinning on seedling emergency, survival and establishment in coastal pine forest[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2003, 182(1-3): 339-354
[24]	张立杰. 祁连山青海云杉林窗特征及更新特点的研究[D]. 兰州:甘肃农业大学, 2006
[25]	谭辉, 朱教君, 康宏樟, 等. 林窗干扰研究[J]. 生态学杂志, 2007, 26(4): 587-594
[26]	鲜骏仁, 胡庭兴, 张远彬, 等. 林窗对川西亚高山岷江冷杉幼苗生物量及其分配格局的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2007, 18(4): 721-727

The Influence of Forest Gap on Seedling Regeneration of Schima superba after Heavy Snowstorm

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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The Influence of Forest Gap on Seedling Regeneration of Schima superba after Heavy Snowstorm

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