Improved Methods to Increase Gall Density and Scatter Gall Distribution for the Horned Gall Aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis

YANG Zi-xiang; MA Lin; CHEN Xiao-ming; LI Yang

The Chinese horned gall aphid, Schlectendalia chinensis, is a major species of Chinese gallnut aphids. It produces horned galls that are economically important because of their medical and chemical properties, chiefly tannic acid. S. chinensis has six forms in its life cycle. Only one of these six forms, the fundatrix, is feeding on leaves and triggering the formation of a gall on its host tree, Rhus chinensis. The authors developed three different approaches in order to maximize the gall formation on R. chinensis by a combination of moving the winter host moss in close vicinity of the Rhus tree and/or hanging bags containing populations of aphids to the tree trunk. The results showed that the gall number per tree was about 10-fold higher than that of the controls in conditions where two bags containing aphid population of different age were provided to the tree trunk. Further, it was found that the number of leaves forming a gall increased up to 5-fold per tree and similarly, the authors measured a 4-fold increase in the percentage branches that harbor galls. Detailed analysis of how galls are distributed demonstrated that while controls formed galls on the first seven compound leaves, optimized conditions extend the production of galls to the first eleven compound leaves. Finally, the gall number per leaf also increased by various approaches. For instance, the percentage of leaves forming just one gall reduced by half compared to the controls, while the leaves containing 4 or more galls increased from 5% to >30% when providing two bags containing aphid population of different age.

1. Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry

2. Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China

Received Date: 2014-06-27

Abstract: The Chinese horned gall aphid, Schlectendalia chinensis, is a major species of Chinese gallnut aphids. It produces horned galls that are economically important because of their medical and chemical properties, chiefly tannic acid. S. chinensis has six forms in its life cycle. Only one of these six forms, the fundatrix, is feeding on leaves and triggering the formation of a gall on its host tree, Rhus chinensis. The authors developed three different approaches in order to maximize the gall formation on R. chinensis by a combination of moving the winter host moss in close vicinity of the Rhus tree and/or hanging bags containing populations of aphids to the tree trunk. The results showed that the gall number per tree was about 10-fold higher than that of the controls in conditions where two bags containing aphid population of different age were provided to the tree trunk. Further, it was found that the number of leaves forming a gall increased up to 5-fold per tree and similarly, the authors measured a 4-fold increase in the percentage branches that harbor galls. Detailed analysis of how galls are distributed demonstrated that while controls formed galls on the first seven compound leaves, optimized conditions extend the production of galls to the first eleven compound leaves. Finally, the gall number per leaf also increased by various approaches. For instance, the percentage of leaves forming just one gall reduced by half compared to the controls, while the leaves containing 4 or more galls increased from 5% to >30% when providing two bags containing aphid population of different age.

HTML

Reference (20)

[1]	张广学,钟铁森. 中国经济昆虫志,第25册,同翅目,蚜虫类(一)[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1983:78-80.
[2]	张宗和.五倍子加工及利用[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1987:1-21.
[3]	张广学,乔格侠,钟铁森,等.中国动物志(昆虫纲14卷)[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1999:256-272.
[4]	李志国,杨文云,夏定久.中国五倍子研究现状[J].林业科学研究,2003,16(6):760-767.
[5]	唐觉,蔡邦华. 贵州湄潭五倍子的研究[J]. 昆虫学报. 1957,7(1):131-140.
[6]	唐觉.五倍子及其繁殖增产的途径[J].昆虫学报,1976,19(3):282-296.
[7]	杨子祥. 五倍子高产培育技术[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社,2011:1-16,86-92.
[8]	张燕平,苏建荣,陈宝珊. 角倍春迁蚜的迁飞期与生殖[J]. 林业科技开发,2000, 14(1):23-24.
[9]	赖永祺. 五倍子丰产技术[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社,1990:1-19.
[10]	张云松,邱建生,游金平,等. 角倍蚜(虫袋内)春迁蚜至干母有效积温的研究[J]. 贵州林业科技,1997,25(1):16-21.
[11]	唐翊峰,杨子祥,马琳,等. 角倍蚜干母发生期和数量变化及秋迁蚜生殖能力[J]. 林业科学研究,2014,27(3):393-399.
[12]	赖永祺,杨时宇,杜宗贤,胡定权. 角倍蚜春季迁飞的观察[J]. 林业科学,1986,22(4):431-436.
[13]	李杨,杨子祥,陈晓鸣,等. 大棚模拟条件下角倍蚜春季迁飞数量动态及其与气象因子的关系[J]. 生态学报,2013,33(9):2825-2834.
[14]	赖永祺,张燕平,陈宝珊. 藓圃养蚜挂放性蚜技术的新进展[J]. 林业科学研究,1998,8(专刊):18-20.
[15]	邱建生,漆云庆. 盐肤木复叶的最适挂倍数研究[J]. 林业科学研究,1990,18(4):86-91.
[16]	张燕平,李坚强,赖永祺,等. 角倍蚜虫袋的挂放方法与结倍效果[J]. 林业科学研究,1996,9(4):388-393.
[17]	袁天树,李坚强,代廷富,等. 挂放两次性蚜对盐肤木结倍效果的影响[J]. 西南林学院学报,1997,17(1):48-51.
[18]	张燕平,苏建荣,赖永祺,等. 角倍蚜干母发生期预测及应用[J]. 林业科学研究,2000,13(2):192-196.
[19]	李杨,杨子祥,陈晓鸣,等. 角倍蚜虫瘿对盐肤木光合特性和总氮含量的影响[J]. 生态学报,2013,33(21):6876-6884.
[20]	Shu-xia Shao, Zi-xiang Yang, Xiao-ming Chen. Gall development and clone dynamics of the galling aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis (Hemiptera: Pemphigidae) [J]. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2012, 106(4): 1628-1637.

Improved Methods to Increase Gall Density and Scatter Gall Distribution for the Horned Gall Aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis

Abstract

References

Proportional views

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Proportional views