Progress in Stand Spatial Structure Parameter: The Uniform Angle Index

WANG Hong-xiang; HU Yan-bo; ZHAO Zhong-hua; LI Yuan-fa

Volume 27 Issue 6

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Progress in Stand Spatial Structure Parameter: The Uniform Angle Index

1.
Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100091, China

Received Date: 2013-01-29

Abstract

As one of the stand spatial structure parameters, the uniform angle index is a measure of tree spatial distribution patterns. It has the advantages of excellent testing capabilities, simple survey method and has been widely applied. Because of lack of understanding about the theoretical basis, there are lots of researches on the improper application of this parameter and therefore draw unreasonable conclusions. This article elaborates and summarizes the proposal of the concept of the uniform angle index, choice of number of neighbors, determination of the standard angle and threshold value of random distribution and so on, and then points out that the directions of the current study are the influence on analysis of the uniform angle index by the changes of structure unit size and how to test population distribution pattern using point sampling data.
- stand spatial structure,
- tree distribution patterns,
- uniform angle index,
- number of neighbors,
- standard angle

References

[1]	惠刚盈,Klaus von Gadow,胡艳波,等.结构化森林经营[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2007.
[2]	Kuuluvainen T,Pukkala T.Effect of crown shape and tree distribution on the spatial distribution of shade[J].Agric For Met,1987, 40:215-231.
[3]	Pretzsch H. Zum Einfluss des Baumvertielungsmusters auf den Bestandszuwachs[J].AllgForst-Jagd,1995,166:190-201.
[4]	Moeur M. Charaterizing spatial patterns of trees using stem-mapped data[J].For Sci,1993,39:756-775.
[5]	Newton P F, Jolliffe P A. Assessing processes of intraspecific competition within spatially heterogeneous black spruce stands[J].CanJForRes,1998,28:259-275
[6]	Levin S A.The problem of pattern and scale in ecology[J].Ecology,1992,73(6):1943-1967.
[7]	李丽.天然林林木分布格局分析方法的研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2007.
[8]	Hui G Y, Gadow K V.Das Winkelmass-Theoretische überlegungen zum optimalen Standardwinkel[J]. Allgemeine Forst- Und Jagdzeitung, 2002,173: 173-177.
[9]	Aguirre O, Hui G Y, Gadow K V,et al. An analysis of spatial forest structure using neighborhood-based variables[J]. For Ecol Manage,2003,183:137-145.
[10]	惠刚盈, 李丽,赵中华,等. 林木空间分布格局分析方法[J].生态学报,2007,27(11):4717-4728.
[11]	禄树晖, 潘朝晖. 藏东南高山松种群分布格局[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2008,36(11):22-24.
[12]	LI Y F, HUI G Y, ZHAO Z H, et al. The bivariate distribution characteristics of spatial structure in natural Korean pine broad-leaved forest[J]. Journal of Vegetation Science,2012,23(6):1180-1190.
[13]	Pommerening A. Evaluating structural indices by reversing forest structural analysis[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2006, 224: 266-277.
[14]	Corral-Rivas J J, Wehenkel C, Castellanos-Bocaz H A,et al. A permutation test of spatial randomness: application to nearest neighbour indices in forest stands[J]. Journal of Forest Research, 2010,15 (4): 218-225.
[15]	惠刚盈,克劳斯·冯佳多. 森林空间结构量化分析方法[M]. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 2003.
[16]	汤孟平. 森林空间结构研究现状与发展趋势[J].林业科学,2010,46(1):117-122.
[17]	赵春燕,李际平,李建军.基于Voronoi图和Delaunay三角网的林分空间结构量化分析[J].林业科学,2010,46(6):78-84.
[18]	李俊.南方集体林区典型林分类型结构特征及生长模型研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2012.
[19]	郝月兰,张会儒,唐守正.基于空间结构优化的采伐木确定方法研究[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(5):163-168.
[20]	武爱彬.基于高分辨率遥感图像获取与优化林分空间结构研究.北京:北京林业大学,2012.
[21]	安慧君.阔叶红松林空间结构研究.北京:北京林业大学,2003.
[22]	刘彦君.应用三维模拟进行林分空间结构及竞争的研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2011.
[23]	Staupendahl K,Zucchini W. Estimating the spatial distribution in forest stands by counting small angles between nearest neighbours[J].Allgemeine Forst Und Jagzeitung,2006, 177:160-168.
[24]	Besag J E, Gleaves J T.On the detection of spatial pattern in plant communities[J]. Bulletin of the International Statistical Institute, 2007,45:153-158.
[25]	Assunşão R.Testing spatial randomness by means of angles[J]. Biometrics, 1994,50: 513-537.
[26]	Assunşão R. Testing spatial randomness: a comparison between T² methods and modifications of the angle test[J]. Brazilian Journal of Probability and Statistics,2000, 14:71-86.
[27]	v Gadow K, Hui G Y, Albert M. Das Winkelmass - ein Strukturparameter zur Beschreibung der Individualverteilung in Waldbeständen[J]. Centralblatt für das Gesamte Forstwesen,1998,115: 1-10.
[28]	v Gadow K, Zhang C Y, Wehenkel C, et al. Continuous cover forestry [M].2nd edition. Springer:Dordrecht, 2012:29-83.
[29]	惠刚盈. 角尺度——一个描述林木个体分布格局的结构参数[J].林业科学,1999,35(1):37-42.
[30]	Hegyi F. A simulation model for managing jack-pine stands [M]//Fries J. Growth models for tree and stand simulation. Sweden: Royal College of Forestry, Stockholm, 1974:74-90.
[31]	孜来比·买木提名,杨华,赵广亮,等.单木竞争指标的研究进展[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2012,27(6):152-158.
[32]	Pommerening A. Analysing and modelling spatial woodland structure[D]. Vienna: University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, 2008.
[33]	Füldner K. Strukturbeschreibung von Buchen-Edellaubholz-Mischw?ldern[D]. Göttingen: University of Göttingen, 1995.
[34]	Clark P J, Evans F C. Distance to nearest neighbour as a measure of spatial relationships in populations[J]. Ecology,1954,35:445-453.
[35]	Davies O, Pommerening A. The contribution of structural indices to the modelling of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) and birch (Betula spp.) crowns [J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2008, 256:68-77.
[36]	Albert M. Analyse der eingriffsbedingten Strukturveränderung und Durchforstungsmodellierung in Mischbeständen[D]. Göttingen: University of Göttingen, 1999.
[37]	惠刚盈, Klaus von Gadow,胡艳波,等. 林木分布格局类型的角尺度均值分析方法[J].生态学报,2004,24(6):1225-1229.
[38]	Pommerening A. Approaches to quantifying forest Structures [J]. Forestry, 2002, 75(3):305-324.
[39]	Graz F P. Spatial diversity of dry savanna woodlands-assessing the spatial diversity of a dry savanna woodland stand in northern Namibia using neighborhood-based measures[J]. Biodivers, Conserv, 2006,15: 1143-1157.
[40]	胡艳波, 惠刚盈, 戚继忠,等. 吉林蛟河天然红松阔叶林的空间结构分析[J].林业科学研究,2003,16(5):523-530.
[41]	赵中华, 惠刚盈,袁士云,等. 小陇山锐齿栎天然林空间结构特征[J].林业科学,2009,45(3):1-6.
[42]	赵洋毅, 王克勤, 陈奇伯. 西南亚热带典型天然常绿阔叶林的空间结构特征[J].西北植物学报,2012, 32(1):187-192.
[43]	张会儒,李春明,武纪成. 金沟岭天然和半天然混交林林分空间结构比较[J]. 科技导报,2009,27(19): 79-84.
[44]	惠刚盈, 胡艳波.角尺度在林分空间结构调整中的应用[J]. 林业资源管理,2006(2):31-35.
[45]	胡艳波,惠刚盈.优化林分空间结构的森林经营方法探讨[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(1):1-8.
[46]	刘春起. 基于林分空间格局的森林采伐树木确定方案的研究.哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2007.
[47]	贺姗姗,彭道黎. 林分空间结构可视化方法研究[J]. 西北林学院学报,2009,24(2):157-161.
[48]	朱磊,张怀清,林辉,等. 基于GDI+技术的林分结构可视化技术研究[J]. 安徽农业科学,2011,39(9):5566-5569.
[49]	高广磊,丁国栋,张佳音,等. 林分结构可视化模型的原理及应用与展望[J]. 世界林业研究,2011,24(3):42-46.
[50]	匡一龙,谭骏珊,张怀清. 基于空间结构的林分模拟方法研究[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报,2012,32(10):40-44.
[51]	徐海.天然红松阔叶林经营可视化研究.北京:中国林业科学研究院,2007.
[52]	董灵波,刘兆刚. 樟子松人工林空间结构优化及可视化模拟[J]. 林业科学,2012,48(10):77-85.
[53]	孔雷,杨华,亢新刚,等. 林木空间分布格局研究方法综述[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2011,39(5):119-125.

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Progress in Stand Spatial Structure Parameter: The Uniform Angle Index

1. Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100091, China

Received Date: 2013-01-29

Abstract: As one of the stand spatial structure parameters, the uniform angle index is a measure of tree spatial distribution patterns. It has the advantages of excellent testing capabilities, simple survey method and has been widely applied. Because of lack of understanding about the theoretical basis, there are lots of researches on the improper application of this parameter and therefore draw unreasonable conclusions. This article elaborates and summarizes the proposal of the concept of the uniform angle index, choice of number of neighbors, determination of the standard angle and threshold value of random distribution and so on, and then points out that the directions of the current study are the influence on analysis of the uniform angle index by the changes of structure unit size and how to test population distribution pattern using point sampling data.

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Reference (53)

[1]	惠刚盈,Klaus von Gadow,胡艳波,等.结构化森林经营[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2007.
[2]	Kuuluvainen T,Pukkala T.Effect of crown shape and tree distribution on the spatial distribution of shade[J].Agric For Met,1987, 40:215-231.
[3]	Pretzsch H. Zum Einfluss des Baumvertielungsmusters auf den Bestandszuwachs[J].AllgForst-Jagd,1995,166:190-201.
[4]	Moeur M. Charaterizing spatial patterns of trees using stem-mapped data[J].For Sci,1993,39:756-775.
[5]	Newton P F, Jolliffe P A. Assessing processes of intraspecific competition within spatially heterogeneous black spruce stands[J].CanJForRes,1998,28:259-275
[6]	Levin S A.The problem of pattern and scale in ecology[J].Ecology,1992,73(6):1943-1967.
[7]	李丽.天然林林木分布格局分析方法的研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2007.
[8]	Hui G Y, Gadow K V.Das Winkelmass-Theoretische überlegungen zum optimalen Standardwinkel[J]. Allgemeine Forst- Und Jagdzeitung, 2002,173: 173-177.
[9]	Aguirre O, Hui G Y, Gadow K V,et al. An analysis of spatial forest structure using neighborhood-based variables[J]. For Ecol Manage,2003,183:137-145.
[10]	惠刚盈, 李丽,赵中华,等. 林木空间分布格局分析方法[J].生态学报,2007,27(11):4717-4728.
[11]	禄树晖, 潘朝晖. 藏东南高山松种群分布格局[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2008,36(11):22-24.
[12]	LI Y F, HUI G Y, ZHAO Z H, et al. The bivariate distribution characteristics of spatial structure in natural Korean pine broad-leaved forest[J]. Journal of Vegetation Science,2012,23(6):1180-1190.
[13]	Pommerening A. Evaluating structural indices by reversing forest structural analysis[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2006, 224: 266-277.
[14]	Corral-Rivas J J, Wehenkel C, Castellanos-Bocaz H A,et al. A permutation test of spatial randomness: application to nearest neighbour indices in forest stands[J]. Journal of Forest Research, 2010,15 (4): 218-225.
[15]	惠刚盈,克劳斯·冯佳多. 森林空间结构量化分析方法[M]. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 2003.
[16]	汤孟平. 森林空间结构研究现状与发展趋势[J].林业科学,2010,46(1):117-122.
[17]	赵春燕,李际平,李建军.基于Voronoi图和Delaunay三角网的林分空间结构量化分析[J].林业科学,2010,46(6):78-84.
[18]	李俊.南方集体林区典型林分类型结构特征及生长模型研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2012.
[19]	郝月兰,张会儒,唐守正.基于空间结构优化的采伐木确定方法研究[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(5):163-168.
[20]	武爱彬.基于高分辨率遥感图像获取与优化林分空间结构研究.北京:北京林业大学,2012.
[21]	安慧君.阔叶红松林空间结构研究.北京:北京林业大学,2003.
[22]	刘彦君.应用三维模拟进行林分空间结构及竞争的研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2011.
[23]	Staupendahl K,Zucchini W. Estimating the spatial distribution in forest stands by counting small angles between nearest neighbours[J].Allgemeine Forst Und Jagzeitung,2006, 177:160-168.
[24]	Besag J E, Gleaves J T.On the detection of spatial pattern in plant communities[J]. Bulletin of the International Statistical Institute, 2007,45:153-158.
[25]	Assunşão R.Testing spatial randomness by means of angles[J]. Biometrics, 1994,50: 513-537.
[26]	Assunşão R. Testing spatial randomness: a comparison between T² methods and modifications of the angle test[J]. Brazilian Journal of Probability and Statistics,2000, 14:71-86.
[27]	v Gadow K, Hui G Y, Albert M. Das Winkelmass - ein Strukturparameter zur Beschreibung der Individualverteilung in Waldbeständen[J]. Centralblatt für das Gesamte Forstwesen,1998,115: 1-10.
[28]	v Gadow K, Zhang C Y, Wehenkel C, et al. Continuous cover forestry [M].2nd edition. Springer:Dordrecht, 2012:29-83.
[29]	惠刚盈. 角尺度——一个描述林木个体分布格局的结构参数[J].林业科学,1999,35(1):37-42.
[30]	Hegyi F. A simulation model for managing jack-pine stands [M]//Fries J. Growth models for tree and stand simulation. Sweden: Royal College of Forestry, Stockholm, 1974:74-90.
[31]	孜来比·买木提名,杨华,赵广亮,等.单木竞争指标的研究进展[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2012,27(6):152-158.
[32]	Pommerening A. Analysing and modelling spatial woodland structure[D]. Vienna: University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, 2008.
[33]	Füldner K. Strukturbeschreibung von Buchen-Edellaubholz-Mischw?ldern[D]. Göttingen: University of Göttingen, 1995.
[34]	Clark P J, Evans F C. Distance to nearest neighbour as a measure of spatial relationships in populations[J]. Ecology,1954,35:445-453.
[35]	Davies O, Pommerening A. The contribution of structural indices to the modelling of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) and birch (Betula spp.) crowns [J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2008, 256:68-77.
[36]	Albert M. Analyse der eingriffsbedingten Strukturveränderung und Durchforstungsmodellierung in Mischbeständen[D]. Göttingen: University of Göttingen, 1999.
[37]	惠刚盈, Klaus von Gadow,胡艳波,等. 林木分布格局类型的角尺度均值分析方法[J].生态学报,2004,24(6):1225-1229.
[38]	Pommerening A. Approaches to quantifying forest Structures [J]. Forestry, 2002, 75(3):305-324.
[39]	Graz F P. Spatial diversity of dry savanna woodlands-assessing the spatial diversity of a dry savanna woodland stand in northern Namibia using neighborhood-based measures[J]. Biodivers, Conserv, 2006,15: 1143-1157.
[40]	胡艳波, 惠刚盈, 戚继忠,等. 吉林蛟河天然红松阔叶林的空间结构分析[J].林业科学研究,2003,16(5):523-530.
[41]	赵中华, 惠刚盈,袁士云,等. 小陇山锐齿栎天然林空间结构特征[J].林业科学,2009,45(3):1-6.
[42]	赵洋毅, 王克勤, 陈奇伯. 西南亚热带典型天然常绿阔叶林的空间结构特征[J].西北植物学报,2012, 32(1):187-192.
[43]	张会儒,李春明,武纪成. 金沟岭天然和半天然混交林林分空间结构比较[J]. 科技导报,2009,27(19): 79-84.
[44]	惠刚盈, 胡艳波.角尺度在林分空间结构调整中的应用[J]. 林业资源管理,2006(2):31-35.
[45]	胡艳波,惠刚盈.优化林分空间结构的森林经营方法探讨[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(1):1-8.
[46]	刘春起. 基于林分空间格局的森林采伐树木确定方案的研究.哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2007.
[47]	贺姗姗,彭道黎. 林分空间结构可视化方法研究[J]. 西北林学院学报,2009,24(2):157-161.
[48]	朱磊,张怀清,林辉,等. 基于GDI+技术的林分结构可视化技术研究[J]. 安徽农业科学,2011,39(9):5566-5569.
[49]	高广磊,丁国栋,张佳音,等. 林分结构可视化模型的原理及应用与展望[J]. 世界林业研究,2011,24(3):42-46.
[50]	匡一龙,谭骏珊,张怀清. 基于空间结构的林分模拟方法研究[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报,2012,32(10):40-44.
[51]	徐海.天然红松阔叶林经营可视化研究.北京:中国林业科学研究院,2007.
[52]	董灵波,刘兆刚. 樟子松人工林空间结构优化及可视化模拟[J]. 林业科学,2012,48(10):77-85.
[53]	孔雷,杨华,亢新刚,等. 林木空间分布格局研究方法综述[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2011,39(5):119-125.

Progress in Stand Spatial Structure Parameter: The Uniform Angle Index

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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Progress in Stand Spatial Structure Parameter: The Uniform Angle Index

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