Variation of Sap Flow Density of Larix principis-rupprechtii with Dominances And Its Impact on Stand Transpiration Estimation

LI Zhen-hua; WANG Yan-hui; YU Peng-tao; WANG Yan-bing; HAN Xin-sheng; CAO Gong-xiang

Volume 28 Issue 1

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Variation of Sap Flow Density of Larix principis-rupprechtii with Dominances And Its Impact on Stand Transpiration Estimation

1.
Key Laboratory of Forest Ecological Environment of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China

Received Date: 2014-03-06

Abstract

It is a basic approach to estimate the stand transpiration through computing the average of sap flow density (Js) from a number of sample trees and then up-scaling. However, without considering the effect of tree size or spatial position in community on Js, the approach is likely to either under-or over-estimate the stand transpiration, especially in a high-density stand. In order to understand the difference in Js among trees of different size or degree of dominance, and further improve the accuracy of the up-scaling approach, a field experiment was conducted in a Larix principis-rupprechtii stand located at the semi-arid region of Liupan Mountains. In the experiment, the Js of five sample trees with different dominances (relative height) was continuously monitored by using thermal diffusion probes. Then the differences in Js among individual trees under three kinds of soil water conditions were analyzed with the data at mid-growing season when the tree leaf area reached to the maximum and remained relatively stable. It is found that the Js in trees with higher dominance ("higher trees") started earlier in the morning but ended later at night than in trees with lower dominance ("lower trees"). In addition, the maximum of Js during the daytime appeared earlier and was higher in higher trees. Thus the daily average of Js in higher trees was apparently higher as well. Furthermore, the Js in higher trees was more sensitive to the solar radiation (Rs) and the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on a 5-min time scale, while on daily scale to the soil drought, higher trees showed less sensitive than the lower trees, implying a stronger ability for obtaining light and water. In general, however, no significant difference was found in the pattern of Js response to environmental conditions among sample trees, and the relative difference in Js was relatively stable. Correlation analysis indicated that the most important factors positively affecting the Js were the degree of dominance (relative height) and the tree height (PPP>0.05). In an improved approach, the Js of the forest stand was taken as the average of Js for all individual trees in the stand which was calculated by using the linear relation between Js and degree of dominance. The value calculated by the average of Js for the five sample trees was 16% lower than that calculated by the widely used approach. Therefore it is proposed that the degree of dominance should be taken into account in the up-scaling approach for the stand's Js or transpiration estimate in future.
- Larix principis-rupprechtii,
- dominance,
- tree height,
- sap flow density,
- solar radiation,
- vapor pressure deficit

References

[1]	赵平, 饶兴权, 马玲, 等. 马占相思(Acacia mangium)树干液流密度和整树蒸腾的个体差异[J]. 生态学报, 2006, 26 (12): 4050-4058.
[2]	熊伟, 王彦辉, 徐德应. 宁南山区华北落叶松人工林蒸腾耗水规律及其对环境因子的响应[J]. 林业科学, 2003, 39(20): 1-7.
[3]	刘建立, 王彦辉, 管伟, 等. 六盘山北侧生长季内华北落叶松树干液流速率研究[J]. 华中农业大学学报: 自然科学版, 2008, 27(3): 434-440.
[4]	冯永健, 马长明, 王彦辉, 等. 华北落叶松人工林蒸腾特征及其与土壤水势的关系[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2010, 8(1): 93-98.
[5]	孙林, 管伟, 王彦辉, 等. 华北落叶松冠层平均气孔导度模拟及其对环境因子的响应[J]. 生态学杂志, 2011, 30(10): 2122-2128.
[6]	熊伟, 王彦辉, 于澎涛, 等. 华北落叶松树干液流的个体差异和林分蒸腾估计的尺度上推[J]. 林业科学, 2008, 44(1): 34-40.
[7]	O'Brien J J, Oberbauer S F, Clark D B. Whole tree xylem sap flow responses to multiple environmental variables in a wet tropical forest[J]. Plant, Cell and Environment, 2004, 27: 551-567.
[8]	Goldstein G, Andrade J L, Meinzer F C, et al. Stem water storage and annual patterns of water Ⅱ8e in tropical forest canopy trees[J]. Plant, Cell and Environment, 1998, 21: 397-406.
[9]	Granier A, Bréda N. Modelling canopy conductance and stand transpiration of an oak forest from sap flow measurements[J]. Annales des Sciences Forestiéres, 1996, 53: 537-546.
[10]	Granier A, Biron P, Lemoine D. Water balance, transpiration and canopy conductance in two beech stands[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2000, 100: 291-308.
[11]	刘晓静, 赵平, 王权, 等. 树高对马占相思整树水分利用的效应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2009, 20(1): 13-19.
[12]	Ryan M G, Yoder B J. Hydraulic limits to tree height and tree growth-What keeps trees growing beyond a certain height?[J] Bioscience, 1997, 47: 235-242.
[13]	Schäfer K V R, Oren R, Tenhunen J D. The effect of tree height on crown level stomatal conductance[J]. Plant, Cell and Environment, 2000, 23: 365-375.
[14]	Granier A. Evaluation of transpiration in a Douglas-fir stand by means of sap flow measurements[J]. Tree Physiology, 1987, 3: 309-320.
[15]	王希群, 马履一, 贾忠奎, 等. 叶面积指数的研究和应用进展[J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, 24(5): 537-541.
[16]	童鸿强, 王玉杰, 王彦辉, 等. 六盘山叠叠沟华北落叶松人工林叶面积指数的时空变化特征[J]. 林业科学研究, 2011, 24(1): 13-20.
[17]	马履一, 王华田, 林平. 北京地区几个造林树种耗水特性比较研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2003, 25(2): 1-7.
[18]	赵平, 饶兴权, 马玲, 等. 基于树干液流测定值进行尺度扩展的马占相思林段蒸腾和冠层气孔导度[J]. 植物生态学报, 2006, 30(4): 655-665.
[19]	梅婷婷, 王传宽, 赵平, 等. 木荷树干液流的密度特征[J]. 林业科学, 2010, 46(1): 40-46.
[20]	张宁南, 徐大平, Morris J, 等. 雷州半岛加勒比松人工林旱季液流特征与耗水量研究[J]. 林业科学研究, 2007, 20(5): 591-597.
[21]	常学向, 赵文智. 黑河中游沙枣树干液流的动态变化及其与林木个体生长的关系[J]. 中国沙漠, 2004, 24(4): 473-478.
[22]	常学向, 赵文智. 荒漠绿洲农田防护树种二白杨生长季节树干液流的变化[J]. 生态学报, 2004, 24(7): 1436-1441.
[23]	曹云, 黄志刚, 欧阳志云, 等. 南方红壤区杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides)树干液流动态[J]. 生态学报, 2006, 26(9): 287-295.
[24]	Kume T, Takizawa H, Yoshifuji N, et al. Impact of soil drought on sap flow and water status of evergreen trees in a tropical monsoon forest in northern Thailand[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2007, 238: 220-230.
[25]	潘志刚, 冯水, 林鸿盛. 马占相思引种、生长及利用[J]. 热带林业, 1996, 24(4): 144-152.
[26]	Wullschleger S D, Wilson K B, Hanson, P J. Environmental control of whole-plant transpiration, canopy conductance and estimates of decoupling coefficient for large red maple trees[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2000, 104: 157-168.
[27]	Bréda N, Cochard H, Dreyer E, et al. Field comparison of transpiration, stomatal conductance and vulnerability to cavitation of Quercus petraea and Quercus robur under water stress[J]. Annales des Sciences de Forestiere, 1993, 50: 571-582.
[28]	马玲, 饶兴权, 赵平, 等. 马占相思整树蒸腾的日变化和季节变化特征[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2007, 29(1): 67-73.
[29]	Lagergren F, Lindroth A. Variation in sap flow and stem growth in relation to tree size, competition and thinning in a mixed forest of pine and spruce in Sweden[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2004, 188(1-3): 51-63.
[30]	Phillips N, Oren R, Zimmermann R. Radial patterns of xylem sap flow in non-, diffuse-and ring-porous tree species[J]. Plant, Cell and Environment, 1996, 19, 983-990.

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Variation of Sap Flow Density of Larix principis-rupprechtii with Dominances And Its Impact on Stand Transpiration Estimation

1. Key Laboratory of Forest Ecological Environment of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China

Received Date: 2014-03-06

Abstract: It is a basic approach to estimate the stand transpiration through computing the average of sap flow density (Js) from a number of sample trees and then up-scaling. However, without considering the effect of tree size or spatial position in community on Js, the approach is likely to either under-or over-estimate the stand transpiration, especially in a high-density stand. In order to understand the difference in Js among trees of different size or degree of dominance, and further improve the accuracy of the up-scaling approach, a field experiment was conducted in a Larix principis-rupprechtii stand located at the semi-arid region of Liupan Mountains. In the experiment, the Js of five sample trees with different dominances (relative height) was continuously monitored by using thermal diffusion probes. Then the differences in Js among individual trees under three kinds of soil water conditions were analyzed with the data at mid-growing season when the tree leaf area reached to the maximum and remained relatively stable. It is found that the Js in trees with higher dominance ("higher trees") started earlier in the morning but ended later at night than in trees with lower dominance ("lower trees"). In addition, the maximum of Js during the daytime appeared earlier and was higher in higher trees. Thus the daily average of Js in higher trees was apparently higher as well. Furthermore, the Js in higher trees was more sensitive to the solar radiation (Rs) and the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on a 5-min time scale, while on daily scale to the soil drought, higher trees showed less sensitive than the lower trees, implying a stronger ability for obtaining light and water. In general, however, no significant difference was found in the pattern of Js response to environmental conditions among sample trees, and the relative difference in Js was relatively stable. Correlation analysis indicated that the most important factors positively affecting the Js were the degree of dominance (relative height) and the tree height (PPP>0.05). In an improved approach, the Js of the forest stand was taken as the average of Js for all individual trees in the stand which was calculated by using the linear relation between Js and degree of dominance. The value calculated by the average of Js for the five sample trees was 16% lower than that calculated by the widely used approach. Therefore it is proposed that the degree of dominance should be taken into account in the up-scaling approach for the stand's Js or transpiration estimate in future.

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Reference (30)

[1]	赵平, 饶兴权, 马玲, 等. 马占相思(Acacia mangium)树干液流密度和整树蒸腾的个体差异[J]. 生态学报, 2006, 26 (12): 4050-4058.
[2]	熊伟, 王彦辉, 徐德应. 宁南山区华北落叶松人工林蒸腾耗水规律及其对环境因子的响应[J]. 林业科学, 2003, 39(20): 1-7.
[3]	刘建立, 王彦辉, 管伟, 等. 六盘山北侧生长季内华北落叶松树干液流速率研究[J]. 华中农业大学学报: 自然科学版, 2008, 27(3): 434-440.
[4]	冯永健, 马长明, 王彦辉, 等. 华北落叶松人工林蒸腾特征及其与土壤水势的关系[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2010, 8(1): 93-98.
[5]	孙林, 管伟, 王彦辉, 等. 华北落叶松冠层平均气孔导度模拟及其对环境因子的响应[J]. 生态学杂志, 2011, 30(10): 2122-2128.
[6]	熊伟, 王彦辉, 于澎涛, 等. 华北落叶松树干液流的个体差异和林分蒸腾估计的尺度上推[J]. 林业科学, 2008, 44(1): 34-40.
[7]	O'Brien J J, Oberbauer S F, Clark D B. Whole tree xylem sap flow responses to multiple environmental variables in a wet tropical forest[J]. Plant, Cell and Environment, 2004, 27: 551-567.
[8]	Goldstein G, Andrade J L, Meinzer F C, et al. Stem water storage and annual patterns of water Ⅱ8e in tropical forest canopy trees[J]. Plant, Cell and Environment, 1998, 21: 397-406.
[9]	Granier A, Bréda N. Modelling canopy conductance and stand transpiration of an oak forest from sap flow measurements[J]. Annales des Sciences Forestiéres, 1996, 53: 537-546.
[10]	Granier A, Biron P, Lemoine D. Water balance, transpiration and canopy conductance in two beech stands[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2000, 100: 291-308.
[11]	刘晓静, 赵平, 王权, 等. 树高对马占相思整树水分利用的效应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2009, 20(1): 13-19.
[12]	Ryan M G, Yoder B J. Hydraulic limits to tree height and tree growth-What keeps trees growing beyond a certain height?[J] Bioscience, 1997, 47: 235-242.
[13]	Schäfer K V R, Oren R, Tenhunen J D. The effect of tree height on crown level stomatal conductance[J]. Plant, Cell and Environment, 2000, 23: 365-375.
[14]	Granier A. Evaluation of transpiration in a Douglas-fir stand by means of sap flow measurements[J]. Tree Physiology, 1987, 3: 309-320.
[15]	王希群, 马履一, 贾忠奎, 等. 叶面积指数的研究和应用进展[J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, 24(5): 537-541.
[16]	童鸿强, 王玉杰, 王彦辉, 等. 六盘山叠叠沟华北落叶松人工林叶面积指数的时空变化特征[J]. 林业科学研究, 2011, 24(1): 13-20.
[17]	马履一, 王华田, 林平. 北京地区几个造林树种耗水特性比较研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2003, 25(2): 1-7.
[18]	赵平, 饶兴权, 马玲, 等. 基于树干液流测定值进行尺度扩展的马占相思林段蒸腾和冠层气孔导度[J]. 植物生态学报, 2006, 30(4): 655-665.
[19]	梅婷婷, 王传宽, 赵平, 等. 木荷树干液流的密度特征[J]. 林业科学, 2010, 46(1): 40-46.
[20]	张宁南, 徐大平, Morris J, 等. 雷州半岛加勒比松人工林旱季液流特征与耗水量研究[J]. 林业科学研究, 2007, 20(5): 591-597.
[21]	常学向, 赵文智. 黑河中游沙枣树干液流的动态变化及其与林木个体生长的关系[J]. 中国沙漠, 2004, 24(4): 473-478.
[22]	常学向, 赵文智. 荒漠绿洲农田防护树种二白杨生长季节树干液流的变化[J]. 生态学报, 2004, 24(7): 1436-1441.
[23]	曹云, 黄志刚, 欧阳志云, 等. 南方红壤区杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides)树干液流动态[J]. 生态学报, 2006, 26(9): 287-295.
[24]	Kume T, Takizawa H, Yoshifuji N, et al. Impact of soil drought on sap flow and water status of evergreen trees in a tropical monsoon forest in northern Thailand[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2007, 238: 220-230.
[25]	潘志刚, 冯水, 林鸿盛. 马占相思引种、生长及利用[J]. 热带林业, 1996, 24(4): 144-152.
[26]	Wullschleger S D, Wilson K B, Hanson, P J. Environmental control of whole-plant transpiration, canopy conductance and estimates of decoupling coefficient for large red maple trees[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2000, 104: 157-168.
[27]	Bréda N, Cochard H, Dreyer E, et al. Field comparison of transpiration, stomatal conductance and vulnerability to cavitation of Quercus petraea and Quercus robur under water stress[J]. Annales des Sciences de Forestiere, 1993, 50: 571-582.
[28]	马玲, 饶兴权, 赵平, 等. 马占相思整树蒸腾的日变化和季节变化特征[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2007, 29(1): 67-73.
[29]	Lagergren F, Lindroth A. Variation in sap flow and stem growth in relation to tree size, competition and thinning in a mixed forest of pine and spruce in Sweden[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2004, 188(1-3): 51-63.
[30]	Phillips N, Oren R, Zimmermann R. Radial patterns of xylem sap flow in non-, diffuse-and ring-porous tree species[J]. Plant, Cell and Environment, 1996, 19, 983-990.

Variation of Sap Flow Density of Larix principis-rupprechtii with Dominances And Its Impact on Stand Transpiration Estimation

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References

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Proportional views

Variation of Sap Flow Density of Larix principis-rupprechtii with Dominances And Its Impact on Stand Transpiration Estimation

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