A New Design of Field Trial for Forest Management Based on Stand Characteristics

ZHANG Gong-qiao; HUI Gang-ying

Volume 28 Issue 2

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A New Design of Field Trial for Forest Management Based on Stand Characteristics

ZHANG Gong-qiao¹,
HUI Gang-ying^1,

1.
Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100091, China

Received Date: 2014-10-14

Abstract

The traditional designs of field trials for forest management, such as sequential design, Latin square design and RBD, consider mainly on the differences in soil and other site conditions, but seldom the conditions of the stand itself. This paper proposes a new design-completely random and optimization design, which removes away the limit on randomization and provides optimization using a quantitative objective function. The design has been applied to a Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata natural forest in Xiaolongshan, Gansu Province. The difference of stand characteristics among treatments in the new design was less than 5%. This indicates a better consistency of stand state characteristics than the traditional designs. R language was used to achieve the optimal design and automatically generated the best arrangement scheme by computer. The new design can improve the accuracy of field trial for forest management and provides some references for forest management trials.
- forest management,
- stand characteristics,
- field trial,
- optimal design,
- R language

References

[1]	陈魁. 试验设计与分析[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社有限公司, 2005:1-31.
[2]	马育华. 试验设计[M]. 北京:农业出版社, 1982:5-11.
[3]	Fisher R A. Statistical methods for research workers[M]. Edinburgh : Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd, 1925: 25-48.
[4]	李慧贤. 田间实验常用的设计排列及其优缺点[J]. 现代农业, 1995, 21 (5): 19-21.
[5]	续九如,黄智慧. 林业试验设计[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社, 1995:18-29.
[6]	胡良平, 贾元杰. 用 SAS 软件实现随机区组设计定量资料的统计分析[J]. 药学服务与研究, 2011, 11(5): 330-332.
[7]	王致和. 田间试验中的双向随机区组设计[J]. 云南农业, 2002, 18(10): 30-31.
[8]	Hinkelmann K, Kempthorme O. Design and analysis of experiments: Introduction to experimental design[C]. New York: Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics. Applied Probability and Statistics(EUA), 1994: 145-196.
[9]	v Gadow K, Zhang C Y, Wehenkel C, et al. Forest structure and diversity[M]. Continuous cover forestry. 2nd edition. Managing Forest Ecosystems 23. Dordrecht : Springer, 2012: 18-23.
[10]	Pommerening A. Evaluating structural indices by reversing forest structural analysis[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2006, 224(3): 266-277.
[11]	Hui G Y, Zhao X H, Zhao Z H, et al. Evaluating tree species spatial diversity based on neighborhood relationships[J]. Forest Science, 2011, 57(4): 292-300.
[12]	Li Y, Hui G Y, Zhao Z H, et al. The bivariate distribution characteristics of spatial structure in natural Korean pine broad-leaved forest[J]. Journal of Vegetation Science, 2012, 23(6): 1180-1190.
[13]	v Gadow K, Kleinn C. Forest Management, Science-based and understandable[C]. Peterson C E, Maguire D A. Balancing ecosystem values-innovative experiments for sustainable forestry. USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report,2005, PNW-GTR-635: 15-23.
[14]	Newton P F, Jolliffe P A. Assessing processes of intraspecific competition within spatially heterogeneous black spruce stands[J]. Canadian journal of forest research, 1998, 28(2): 259-275.
[15]	Kuuluvainen T, Pukkala T. Effect of crown shape and tree distribution on the spatial distribution of shade[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 1987, 40(3): 215-231.
[16]	Hui G Y, Zhao X H, Zhao Z H, et al. Evaluating tree species spatial diversity based on neighborhood relationships[J]. Forest Science, 2011, 57(4): 292-300.
[17]	v Gadow K, Füldner K. Zur bestandesbeschreibung in der forsteinrichtung[J]. Forst und Holz, 1993, 48(21): 602-606.
[18]	Füldner,K. Strukturbeschreibung von Buchen Edellaubholz Mischwaldern. Dissertation Universitat Gottingen[M]. Göttingen: CuvillierVerlag, 1995:28-179.
[19]	克劳斯·冯佳多, 惠刚盈. 森林生长与干扰模拟[M]. Goettingen:Cuvillier Verlag, 1998: 56-71.
[20]	v Gadow K, Hui G Y. Modelling forest development[M]. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publisher, 1999: 48-92.
[21]	惠刚盈, Gadow K v. 森林空间结构量化分析方法[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社, 2003:13-55.
[22]	Aguirre O, Hui G Y, Gadow K v, et al. An analysis of spatial forest structure using neighborhood-based variables[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2003, 183(1): 137-145.
[23]	惠刚盈. 一个新的林分空间结构参数——大小比数[J]. 林业科学研究, 1999, 12(1): 1-6.
[24]	Hui G Y, Albert M. Gadow K v. Das Umgebungsmaβ als Parameter zur Nachbildung von Bestandesstrukturen[J]. Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt, 1998, 117(1): 258-266.
[25]	Moeur M. Characterizing spatial patterns of trees using stem-mapped data[J]. Forest science, 1993, 39(4): 756-775.
[26]	赵培信, 杨宜平. 《抽样调查》教学中无放回随机抽样的 R 软件实现[J]. 科技信息, 2012 (31): 26-26.
[27]	梁一池. 种子园配置设计的计算机处理系统[J]. 福建林学院学报, 1995, 15(2): 156-159.
[28]	Montgomery D. 实验设计与分析[M]. 汪仁官. 北京:中国统计出版社, 1998:7-25.

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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A New Design of Field Trial for Forest Management Based on Stand Characteristics

1. Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100091, China

Received Date: 2014-10-14

Abstract: The traditional designs of field trials for forest management, such as sequential design, Latin square design and RBD, consider mainly on the differences in soil and other site conditions, but seldom the conditions of the stand itself. This paper proposes a new design-completely random and optimization design, which removes away the limit on randomization and provides optimization using a quantitative objective function. The design has been applied to a Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata natural forest in Xiaolongshan, Gansu Province. The difference of stand characteristics among treatments in the new design was less than 5%. This indicates a better consistency of stand state characteristics than the traditional designs. R language was used to achieve the optimal design and automatically generated the best arrangement scheme by computer. The new design can improve the accuracy of field trial for forest management and provides some references for forest management trials.

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Reference (28)

[1]	陈魁. 试验设计与分析[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社有限公司, 2005:1-31.
[2]	马育华. 试验设计[M]. 北京:农业出版社, 1982:5-11.
[3]	Fisher R A. Statistical methods for research workers[M]. Edinburgh : Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd, 1925: 25-48.
[4]	李慧贤. 田间实验常用的设计排列及其优缺点[J]. 现代农业, 1995, 21 (5): 19-21.
[5]	续九如,黄智慧. 林业试验设计[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社, 1995:18-29.
[6]	胡良平, 贾元杰. 用 SAS 软件实现随机区组设计定量资料的统计分析[J]. 药学服务与研究, 2011, 11(5): 330-332.
[7]	王致和. 田间试验中的双向随机区组设计[J]. 云南农业, 2002, 18(10): 30-31.
[8]	Hinkelmann K, Kempthorme O. Design and analysis of experiments: Introduction to experimental design[C]. New York: Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics. Applied Probability and Statistics(EUA), 1994: 145-196.
[9]	v Gadow K, Zhang C Y, Wehenkel C, et al. Forest structure and diversity[M]. Continuous cover forestry. 2nd edition. Managing Forest Ecosystems 23. Dordrecht : Springer, 2012: 18-23.
[10]	Pommerening A. Evaluating structural indices by reversing forest structural analysis[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2006, 224(3): 266-277.
[11]	Hui G Y, Zhao X H, Zhao Z H, et al. Evaluating tree species spatial diversity based on neighborhood relationships[J]. Forest Science, 2011, 57(4): 292-300.
[12]	Li Y, Hui G Y, Zhao Z H, et al. The bivariate distribution characteristics of spatial structure in natural Korean pine broad-leaved forest[J]. Journal of Vegetation Science, 2012, 23(6): 1180-1190.
[13]	v Gadow K, Kleinn C. Forest Management, Science-based and understandable[C]. Peterson C E, Maguire D A. Balancing ecosystem values-innovative experiments for sustainable forestry. USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report,2005, PNW-GTR-635: 15-23.
[14]	Newton P F, Jolliffe P A. Assessing processes of intraspecific competition within spatially heterogeneous black spruce stands[J]. Canadian journal of forest research, 1998, 28(2): 259-275.
[15]	Kuuluvainen T, Pukkala T. Effect of crown shape and tree distribution on the spatial distribution of shade[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 1987, 40(3): 215-231.
[16]	Hui G Y, Zhao X H, Zhao Z H, et al. Evaluating tree species spatial diversity based on neighborhood relationships[J]. Forest Science, 2011, 57(4): 292-300.
[17]	v Gadow K, Füldner K. Zur bestandesbeschreibung in der forsteinrichtung[J]. Forst und Holz, 1993, 48(21): 602-606.
[18]	Füldner,K. Strukturbeschreibung von Buchen Edellaubholz Mischwaldern. Dissertation Universitat Gottingen[M]. Göttingen: CuvillierVerlag, 1995:28-179.
[19]	克劳斯·冯佳多, 惠刚盈. 森林生长与干扰模拟[M]. Goettingen:Cuvillier Verlag, 1998: 56-71.
[20]	v Gadow K, Hui G Y. Modelling forest development[M]. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publisher, 1999: 48-92.
[21]	惠刚盈, Gadow K v. 森林空间结构量化分析方法[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社, 2003:13-55.
[22]	Aguirre O, Hui G Y, Gadow K v, et al. An analysis of spatial forest structure using neighborhood-based variables[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2003, 183(1): 137-145.
[23]	惠刚盈. 一个新的林分空间结构参数——大小比数[J]. 林业科学研究, 1999, 12(1): 1-6.
[24]	Hui G Y, Albert M. Gadow K v. Das Umgebungsmaβ als Parameter zur Nachbildung von Bestandesstrukturen[J]. Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt, 1998, 117(1): 258-266.
[25]	Moeur M. Characterizing spatial patterns of trees using stem-mapped data[J]. Forest science, 1993, 39(4): 756-775.
[26]	赵培信, 杨宜平. 《抽样调查》教学中无放回随机抽样的 R 软件实现[J]. 科技信息, 2012 (31): 26-26.
[27]	梁一池. 种子园配置设计的计算机处理系统[J]. 福建林学院学报, 1995, 15(2): 156-159.
[28]	Montgomery D. 实验设计与分析[M]. 汪仁官. 北京:中国统计出版社, 1998:7-25.

A New Design of Field Trial for Forest Management Based on Stand Characteristics

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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A New Design of Field Trial for Forest Management Based on Stand Characteristics

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