Biodiversities and Distribution Patterns of Saplings in Different Forest Communities in the Nanling Mountain, Southern China

CHENG Zhen; ZHOU Guang-yi; WU Zhong-min; WANG Xu; XIE Guo-guang; QIU Zhi-jun; ZHAO Hou-ben

Volume 28 Issue 4

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Biodiversities and Distribution Patterns of Saplings in Different Forest Communities in the Nanling Mountain, Southern China

1.
Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, Guangdong, China
2.
Nanling National Nature Reserve Administration, Shaoguan 512727, Guangdong, China

Received Date: 2014-12-19

Abstract

The ice storm in 2008 had serious impact on forest ecosystems in Nanling Mountain. Almost all kinds of plantations and natural forests were subjected to varying degrees of influence. By investigating the understory saplings of different communities in the Nanling Arboretum 4 years after the storm occurred to depict the sapling biodiversity and its distribution patterns. The results showed that the seed germinating and root sucker sprouting made each community structure emerged a more significant stratification. There were significant differences of reserved seedlings and saplings among different communities: 8 870 per hm2 in deciduous broad-leaved forest (DBF), 7 160 per hm2 in evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBF) and 5 920 per hm2 in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (MF). The diameter at breast height (DBH) distribution of understory saplings focused broad-leaved mixed forest(MF).The diameter at breast height(DBH)distribution of understory saplings focused in 0.6—1.8 cm, and had a maximal DBH of 1.0 cm. While DBH ranged from 1.8—3.0 cm, the sapling amount of EBF was slightly different from that of DBH and MF, the former was more than the latter. there were few understory saplings with DBH between 3.0—5.0 cm in these communities, which presents that the community structure had no significant stratification and the ice storm contributed to the regeneration and succession of different communities.Using of data processing software SPSS 21.0 to analysis the difference and correlation of biodiversity index between conopy trees and understory splings, there was no significant difference of biodiversity index among different community canopy trees, but the understory splings. The sapling species richness(S) was significantly higher than tree species, and the Pielou index(J)of understory saplings and canopy tree species was basically between 0.5—0.6, which had no significant differences. The canopy species composition and uniformity of distribution affected the distribution of understory saplings.The variance mean ratio(V/m) was applied to measure the distribution pattern of the dominant species of understory saplings in different communities. The results indicated that all of dominant sapling species of each community appeared aggregated distribution. Among them saplings through seeds(by some canopy species spreading) germinating and root suckering occurred often gather greater strength. Neolitsea chui (K=18.584) and Daphniphyllum calycinum (K=9.792 5) approach Poisson distribution in DBF which Choerospondias axillaris as the dominant species. The interspecific association of Choerospondias axillaris and Neolitsea chui could be obtained by interspecific link analysis.
- Great 2008 Chinese Ice Storm,
- natural disturbance,
- saplings regeneration,
- community structure

References

[1]	Dale V H, Joyce L A, McNulty S, et al. Climate Change and Forest Disturbances: Climate change can affect forests by altering the frequency, intensity, duration, and timing of fire, drought, introduced species, insect and pathogen outbreaks, hurricanes, windstorms, ice storms, or landslides[J]. BioScience,2001,51(9):723-734.
[2]	Sturrock R N, Frankel S J, Brown A V, et al. Climate change and forest diseases[J]. Plant Pathology, 2011,60(1):133-149.
[3]	曹坤芳, 常杰. 突发气象灾害的生态效应:2008年中国南方特大冰雪灾害对森林生态系统的破坏[J]. 植物生态学报, 2010(2):123-124.
[4]	中国林业编辑部.林业系统全面开展冰雪灾害灾后重建[J].中国林业,2008(4):1.
[5]	Stone R. Ecologists report huge storm loss in China's forests[J]. Science,2008, 319: 1318-1319.
[6]	Zhou B Z, Gu L H, Ding Y H, et al.The Great 2008 Chinese Ice Storm:Its Socioeconomic-Ecological Impact and Sustainability Lessons Learned[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,2010,92(1):47-60.
[7]	区余端,苏志尧.粤北山地常绿阔叶林自然干扰后冠层结构与林下光照动态[J].生态学报, 2012,32(18): 5637-5645.
[8]	方向民,丁彰琪,刘足根,等.赣南不同类型森林冰雪灾害后的受损与恢复研究[R].江西南昌:生态文明建设中的植物学:现在与未来——中国植物学会第十五届会员代表大会暨八十周年学术年会;2013.
[9]	黄川腾,庄雪影,李荣喜,等.冰灾后南岭五指山森林树种的受损与早期恢复[J].生态学杂志, 2012,31 (6): 1390-1396.
[10]	区余端,苏志尧,解丹丹,等.雪灾后粤北山地常绿阔叶林优势树种幼苗更新动态[J].生态学报, 2011,31(10):2708-2715.
[11]	韩有志,王政权.森林更新与空间异质性[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(5):615-619.
[12]	班勇.自然干扰与森林林冠空隙动态[J].生态学杂志,1996,15(3):43-49.
[13]	李晓亮,王洪,郑征,等.西双版纳热带森林树种幼苗的组成、空间分布和旱季存活[J].植物生态学报, 2009,33(4):658-671.
[14]	Fenner M, Hanley M E, Lawrence R.Comparison of seedling and adult palatability in annual and perennial plants[J].Functional Ecology,1999,13(4):546-551.
[15]	Hao Z, Zhang J, Song B, et al. Vertical structure and spatial associations of dominant tree species in an old-growth temperate forest[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2007,252(1-3):1-11.
[16]	Christie D A, Armesto J J. Regeneration microsites and tree species coexistence in temperate rain forests of Chiloé Island, Chile[J].Journal of Ecology,2003,91(5):776-784.
[17]	张到璐,苏志尧,李镇魁.南岭国家级自然保护区森林群落β多样性随海拔梯度的变化[J].热带亚热带植物学报,1997,15(6):506-512.
[18]	马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅰ:α多样性的测度方法(上)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(3):162-168.
[19]	马克平,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅰ:α多样性的测度方法(下)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(4): 231-239.
[20]	郭忠玲,马元丹,郑金萍,等.长白山落叶阔叶混交林的物种多样性、种群空间分布格局及种间关联性研究[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(11):2013-2018.
[21]	高贤明,马克平,陈灵芝.暖温带若干落叶阔叶林群落物种多样性及其与群落动态的关系[J].植物生态学报,2001,25(3):283-290.
[22]	马克平,黄建辉,于顺利,等.北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性的研究Ⅱ丰富度、均匀度和物种多样性指数[J].生态学报,1995,15(3):268-277.
[23]	Magurran A E. Ecological diversity and measurement[M].New Jersy:Princeton University Press,1988:356-380.
[24]	Jones K F, Mulherin N D. An evaluation of the severity of the January 1998 ice storm in northern New England[R]. Rep. for FEMA Region 1, 66 pp.[Available from U.S.Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 72 Lyme Rd., Hanover, NH 03755.]
[25]	李秀芬,朱教君,王庆礼,等.森林的风/雪灾害研究综述[J].生态学报,2005,25(1):148-157.
[26]	Peltola H M.Mechanical stability of trees under static loads[J]. American Journal of Botany, 2006,93(10):1501-1511.
[27]	吴际友,王旭军,廖德志,等.冰冻雨雪灾害中城市森林抗雪压特性及评价[J].林业科学,2008,44(11): 59-63.
[28]	王秋华,舒立福,戴兴安,等.冰雪灾害对南方森林可燃物及火行为的影响[J].林业科学,2008,44(11): 171-176.
[29]	汤景明,宋丛文,戴均华,等.湖北省主要造林树种冰雪灾害调查[J].林业科学,2008,44(11):2-10.
[30]	卢训令,丁圣彦,游到莉,等.伏牛山自然保护区森林冠层结构对林下植被特征的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(15):4715-4723.
[31]	王直军,陈到进,邓晓保,等.西双版纳地区南酸枣与野生动物的关系[J].东北林业大学学报,2000, 28(6):55-57.
[32]	Epperson B K, Li T Q. Gene dispersal and spatial genetic structure[J]. Evolution,1997,51(3):672-681.
[33]	Peters H A.Neighbour-regulated mortality:the influence of positive and negative density dependence on tree populations in species-rich tropical forests[J].Ecology Letters, 2003,6(8): 757-765.
[34]	刘贵峰,丁易,臧润国,等.天山云杉种群分布格局[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(1):9-13.
[35]	张家城,陈力,郭泉水,等.演替顶极阶段森林群落优势树种分布的变动趋势研究[J].植物生态学报,1999,23(3):65-77.
[36]	Hai N, Wiegand K, Getzin S. Spatial distributions of tropical tree species in northern Vietnam under environmentally variable site conditions[J]. Journal of Forestry Research, 2014 ,25(2):257-268.
[37]	May R M. An overview: real and apparent patterns in community structure. [M]// Strong D R, Simberloff D, Abele L G, et al. Ecological Communities: Conceptual Issues and the Evidence. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ,1984: 3-16
[38]	杨永川,达良俊,陈波.天童米槠—木荷群落主要树种的结构及空间格局[J].生态学报,2006,26(9): 2927-2938.

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Biodiversities and Distribution Patterns of Saplings in Different Forest Communities in the Nanling Mountain, Southern China

1. Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, Guangdong, China

2. Nanling National Nature Reserve Administration, Shaoguan 512727, Guangdong, China

Received Date: 2014-12-19

Abstract: The ice storm in 2008 had serious impact on forest ecosystems in Nanling Mountain. Almost all kinds of plantations and natural forests were subjected to varying degrees of influence. By investigating the understory saplings of different communities in the Nanling Arboretum 4 years after the storm occurred to depict the sapling biodiversity and its distribution patterns. The results showed that the seed germinating and root sucker sprouting made each community structure emerged a more significant stratification. There were significant differences of reserved seedlings and saplings among different communities: 8 870 per hm2 in deciduous broad-leaved forest (DBF), 7 160 per hm2 in evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBF) and 5 920 per hm2 in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (MF). The diameter at breast height (DBH) distribution of understory saplings focused broad-leaved mixed forest(MF).The diameter at breast height(DBH)distribution of understory saplings focused in 0.6—1.8 cm, and had a maximal DBH of 1.0 cm. While DBH ranged from 1.8—3.0 cm, the sapling amount of EBF was slightly different from that of DBH and MF, the former was more than the latter. there were few understory saplings with DBH between 3.0—5.0 cm in these communities, which presents that the community structure had no significant stratification and the ice storm contributed to the regeneration and succession of different communities.Using of data processing software SPSS 21.0 to analysis the difference and correlation of biodiversity index between conopy trees and understory splings, there was no significant difference of biodiversity index among different community canopy trees, but the understory splings. The sapling species richness(S) was significantly higher than tree species, and the Pielou index(J)of understory saplings and canopy tree species was basically between 0.5—0.6, which had no significant differences. The canopy species composition and uniformity of distribution affected the distribution of understory saplings.The variance mean ratio(V/m) was applied to measure the distribution pattern of the dominant species of understory saplings in different communities. The results indicated that all of dominant sapling species of each community appeared aggregated distribution. Among them saplings through seeds(by some canopy species spreading) germinating and root suckering occurred often gather greater strength. Neolitsea chui (K=18.584) and Daphniphyllum calycinum (K=9.792 5) approach Poisson distribution in DBF which Choerospondias axillaris as the dominant species. The interspecific association of Choerospondias axillaris and Neolitsea chui could be obtained by interspecific link analysis.

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Reference (38)

[1]	Dale V H, Joyce L A, McNulty S, et al. Climate Change and Forest Disturbances: Climate change can affect forests by altering the frequency, intensity, duration, and timing of fire, drought, introduced species, insect and pathogen outbreaks, hurricanes, windstorms, ice storms, or landslides[J]. BioScience,2001,51(9):723-734.
[2]	Sturrock R N, Frankel S J, Brown A V, et al. Climate change and forest diseases[J]. Plant Pathology, 2011,60(1):133-149.
[3]	曹坤芳, 常杰. 突发气象灾害的生态效应:2008年中国南方特大冰雪灾害对森林生态系统的破坏[J]. 植物生态学报, 2010(2):123-124.
[4]	中国林业编辑部.林业系统全面开展冰雪灾害灾后重建[J].中国林业,2008(4):1.
[5]	Stone R. Ecologists report huge storm loss in China's forests[J]. Science,2008, 319: 1318-1319.
[6]	Zhou B Z, Gu L H, Ding Y H, et al.The Great 2008 Chinese Ice Storm:Its Socioeconomic-Ecological Impact and Sustainability Lessons Learned[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,2010,92(1):47-60.
[7]	区余端,苏志尧.粤北山地常绿阔叶林自然干扰后冠层结构与林下光照动态[J].生态学报, 2012,32(18): 5637-5645.
[8]	方向民,丁彰琪,刘足根,等.赣南不同类型森林冰雪灾害后的受损与恢复研究[R].江西南昌:生态文明建设中的植物学:现在与未来——中国植物学会第十五届会员代表大会暨八十周年学术年会;2013.
[9]	黄川腾,庄雪影,李荣喜,等.冰灾后南岭五指山森林树种的受损与早期恢复[J].生态学杂志, 2012,31 (6): 1390-1396.
[10]	区余端,苏志尧,解丹丹,等.雪灾后粤北山地常绿阔叶林优势树种幼苗更新动态[J].生态学报, 2011,31(10):2708-2715.
[11]	韩有志,王政权.森林更新与空间异质性[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(5):615-619.
[12]	班勇.自然干扰与森林林冠空隙动态[J].生态学杂志,1996,15(3):43-49.
[13]	李晓亮,王洪,郑征,等.西双版纳热带森林树种幼苗的组成、空间分布和旱季存活[J].植物生态学报, 2009,33(4):658-671.
[14]	Fenner M, Hanley M E, Lawrence R.Comparison of seedling and adult palatability in annual and perennial plants[J].Functional Ecology,1999,13(4):546-551.
[15]	Hao Z, Zhang J, Song B, et al. Vertical structure and spatial associations of dominant tree species in an old-growth temperate forest[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2007,252(1-3):1-11.
[16]	Christie D A, Armesto J J. Regeneration microsites and tree species coexistence in temperate rain forests of Chiloé Island, Chile[J].Journal of Ecology,2003,91(5):776-784.
[17]	张到璐,苏志尧,李镇魁.南岭国家级自然保护区森林群落β多样性随海拔梯度的变化[J].热带亚热带植物学报,1997,15(6):506-512.
[18]	马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅰ:α多样性的测度方法(上)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(3):162-168.
[19]	马克平,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅰ:α多样性的测度方法(下)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(4): 231-239.
[20]	郭忠玲,马元丹,郑金萍,等.长白山落叶阔叶混交林的物种多样性、种群空间分布格局及种间关联性研究[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(11):2013-2018.
[21]	高贤明,马克平,陈灵芝.暖温带若干落叶阔叶林群落物种多样性及其与群落动态的关系[J].植物生态学报,2001,25(3):283-290.
[22]	马克平,黄建辉,于顺利,等.北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性的研究Ⅱ丰富度、均匀度和物种多样性指数[J].生态学报,1995,15(3):268-277.
[23]	Magurran A E. Ecological diversity and measurement[M].New Jersy:Princeton University Press,1988:356-380.
[24]	Jones K F, Mulherin N D. An evaluation of the severity of the January 1998 ice storm in northern New England[R]. Rep. for FEMA Region 1, 66 pp.[Available from U.S.Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 72 Lyme Rd., Hanover, NH 03755.]
[25]	李秀芬,朱教君,王庆礼,等.森林的风/雪灾害研究综述[J].生态学报,2005,25(1):148-157.
[26]	Peltola H M.Mechanical stability of trees under static loads[J]. American Journal of Botany, 2006,93(10):1501-1511.
[27]	吴际友,王旭军,廖德志,等.冰冻雨雪灾害中城市森林抗雪压特性及评价[J].林业科学,2008,44(11): 59-63.
[28]	王秋华,舒立福,戴兴安,等.冰雪灾害对南方森林可燃物及火行为的影响[J].林业科学,2008,44(11): 171-176.
[29]	汤景明,宋丛文,戴均华,等.湖北省主要造林树种冰雪灾害调查[J].林业科学,2008,44(11):2-10.
[30]	卢训令,丁圣彦,游到莉,等.伏牛山自然保护区森林冠层结构对林下植被特征的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(15):4715-4723.
[31]	王直军,陈到进,邓晓保,等.西双版纳地区南酸枣与野生动物的关系[J].东北林业大学学报,2000, 28(6):55-57.
[32]	Epperson B K, Li T Q. Gene dispersal and spatial genetic structure[J]. Evolution,1997,51(3):672-681.
[33]	Peters H A.Neighbour-regulated mortality:the influence of positive and negative density dependence on tree populations in species-rich tropical forests[J].Ecology Letters, 2003,6(8): 757-765.
[34]	刘贵峰,丁易,臧润国,等.天山云杉种群分布格局[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(1):9-13.
[35]	张家城,陈力,郭泉水,等.演替顶极阶段森林群落优势树种分布的变动趋势研究[J].植物生态学报,1999,23(3):65-77.
[36]	Hai N, Wiegand K, Getzin S. Spatial distributions of tropical tree species in northern Vietnam under environmentally variable site conditions[J]. Journal of Forestry Research, 2014 ,25(2):257-268.
[37]	May R M. An overview: real and apparent patterns in community structure. [M]// Strong D R, Simberloff D, Abele L G, et al. Ecological Communities: Conceptual Issues and the Evidence. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ,1984: 3-16
[38]	杨永川,达良俊,陈波.天童米槠—木荷群落主要树种的结构及空间格局[J].生态学报,2006,26(9): 2927-2938.

Biodiversities and Distribution Patterns of Saplings in Different Forest Communities in the Nanling Mountain, Southern China

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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Biodiversities and Distribution Patterns of Saplings in Different Forest Communities in the Nanling Mountain, Southern China

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