Altitudinal Changes in Structure of Middle-aged Picea crassifolia Forests on the Northern Slope of the Qilian Mountains

ZHANG Lei; YU Peng-tao; WANG Yan-hui; WANG Shun-li; LIU Xian-de; JIN Ming; ZHANG Xue-long

Volume 28 Issue 4

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Altitudinal Changes in Structure of Middle-aged Picea crassifolia Forests on the Northern Slope of the Qilian Mountains

1.
Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
2.
Academy of Water Resources Conservation Forests in Qilian Mountain of Gansu Province, Zhangye 734000, Gansu, China

Received Date: 2014-10-10

Abstract

The structures of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia) forests in Dayekou watershed on the northern slope of Qilian Mountains were studied along the altitude from 2 500~3 300 m, and the values were calculated with sub-segment elevation (per 100 m a. s. l.). The results are as follows. (1) The forest density was high while the trees were relatively small in the study area. The forest density, DBH, H and crown diameter of stands were 1 550 ± 628 trees·hm-2, 13.9 ± 6.2 cm, 8.1 ± 3.7 m and 3.3 ± 1.7 m, respectively. With the elevation increasing, the forest density, the average DBH and the crown diameter decreased. The average H showed a "unimodal" change. (2) The saplings (DBH 5~12.5cm) and middle trees (DBH 12.5~22.5cm) were predominant in the forests, and the height of trees were about 6~12 m. With the elevation increasing, the percentage of seedlings (DBH≤5 cm) in forest showed a basic stability, the percentage of saplings decreased slightly, the percentage of middle trees showed a "unimodal" change, which peaked at 2 800~2 900 m a. s. l., the percentage of big trees (DBH>22.5 cm) increased. The percentage of the stands (H≤6 m) showed a "V" shaped change, which the minimum value appeared at 2 800~2 900 m a. s. l.. The percentages of the stands (H: 6~12 m) and the stands (H >12 m) showed "unimodal" changes, peaking at 2 600~2 700 m and 2 800~2 900 m a. s. l., respectively. (3) The ratio of height to diameter ranged from 0.45~0.73 and the breast-height basal area ranged from 7.86~33.32 m2· hm-2, with the elevation increasing, both of them showed a "unimodal" change, which peaked at 2 800~2 900 m a. s. l.. Analysis shows that the stand density, moisture and temperature conditions were leading to the differentiation of the growth in tree diameter and height. The middle segment elevation (2 800~2 900 m a. s. l.) is the most suitable area for Qinghai spruce forests distribution in this area.
- Picea crassifolia forests,
- forest structure,
- elevation,
- Qilian Mountains

References

[1]	Bachofen H, Zingg A. Effectiveness of structure improvement thinning on stand structure in subalpine Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2001, 145(1): 137-149.
[2]	王占印, 于澎涛, 王双贵, 等. 宁夏六盘山区辽东栎林的空间分布及林分特征[J]. 林业科学研究, 2011, 24(1): 97-102.
[3]	陈辉荣, 周新年, 蔡瑞添, 等. 天然林不同强度择伐后林分空间结构变化动态[J]. 植物科学学报, 2012 (3): 230-237.
[4]	王彦辉, 金旻, 于澎涛. 我国与森林植被和水资源有关的环境问题及研究趋势[J]. 林业科学研究, 2004, 16(6): 739-747.
[5]	Tague C, Zhu J. Interactions between climate change impacts on forest productivity and mortality and stream water quality in the US Western Mountains[C]//AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. 2013, 1: 06.
[6]	He Z, Zhao W, Liu H, et al. Effect of forest on annual water yield in the mountains of an arid inland river basin: a case study in the Pailugou catchment on northwestern China's Qilian Mountains[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2012, 26(4): 613-621.
[7]	Gaston K J. Global patterns in biodiversity[J]. Nature, 2000, 405(6783): 220-227.
[8]	Alves L F, Vieira S A, Scaranello M A, et al. Forest structure and live aboveground biomass variation along an elevational gradient of tropical Atlantic moist forest (Brazil)[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2010, 260(5): 679-691.
[9]	Wang X, Fang J, Tang Z, et al. Climatic control of primary forest structure and DBH-height allometry in Northeast China[J]. Forest ecology and management, 2006, 234(1): 264-274.
[10]	Sakai A, Inoue M, Fujita K, et al. Variations in discharge from the Qilian mountains, northwest China, and its effect on the agricultural communities of the Heihe basin, over the last two millennia[J]. Water History, 2012, 4(2): 177-196.
[11]	张立杰, 赵文智, 何志斌. 青海云杉 (Picea crassifolia) 种群格局的分形特征及其影响因素[J]. 生态学报, 2008, 28(4): 1383-1389.
[12]	张立杰, 蒋志荣. 青海云杉种群分布格局沿海拔梯度分形特征的变化[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2006, 21(2): 64-66.
[13]	赵丽琼, 黄华国, 梁大双, 等. 甘肃大野口青海云杉种群的空间分布格局[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2010 (4): 59-64.
[14]	李效雄, 刘贤德, 赵维俊. 祁连山大野口流域青海云杉种群结构和空间分布格局[J]. 干旱区地理, 2012, 35(6): 960-967.
[15]	李效雄, 刘贤德, 赵维俊. 祁连山青海云杉林动态监测样地群落特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2013, 33(1): 94-100.
[16]	刘建泉, 丁国民, 郝虎, 等. 青海云杉群落特征和动态的研究[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2008, 23(1): 14-17.
[17]	刘建泉, 孙建忠, 杨开恩, 等. 东大河林区青海云杉种群结构与动态[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2012, 27(2): 18-21.
[18]	赵维俊, 刘贤德, 金铭, 等. 祁连山青海云杉林群落结构分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2012, 29(4): 615-620.
[19]	陈银萍, 于飞, 杨宗娟, 等. 1 东祁连山青海云杉种群大小结构及其动态研究[J]. 广西植物, 2013, 2: 021.
[20]	郝佳, 熊伟, 王彦辉, 等. 宁夏六盘山华北落叶松人工林雪害的影响因子[J]. 林业科学, 2012, 48(7): 1-7.
[21]	Qi Z, Liu H, Wu X, et al. Climate-driven speedup of alpine treeline forest growth in the Tianshan Mountains, Northwestern China[J]. Global change biology, 2014.
[22]	刘贵峰, 刘玉平, 郭仲军, 等. 天山云杉林生物量及其变化规律的研究[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2013, 28(5): 13-17.
[23]	邓坤枚, 石培礼, 杨振林. 长白山树线交错带的生物量分配和净生产力[J]. 自然资源学报, 2006, 21(6): 942-948.
[24]	Zhang W, Jiang Y, Dong M, et al. Relationship between the radial growth of Picea meyeri and climate along elevations of the Luyashan Mountain in North-Central China[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2012, 265: 142-149.
[25]	Namgail T, Rawat G S, Mishra C, et al. Biomass and diversity of dry alpine plant communities along altitudinal gradients in the Himalayas[J]. Journal of plant research, 2012, 125(1): 93-101.
[26]	葛全胜, 赵名茶, 张雪芹, 等. 过去 50 年中国森林资源和降水变化的统计分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2001, 16(5): 413-419.
[27]	张涛, 车克钧, 王辉. 祁连山青海云杉林不同海拔梯度土壤水分动态变化[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2009, 48(5): 1107-1111.
[28]	王金叶, 常学向, 葛双兰, 等. 祁连山 (北坡) 水热状况与植被垂直分布[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2009 (z1): 1-3.
[29]	金铭, 车宗玺, 敬文茂, 等. 祁连山水源涵养林区降水及温度时空变化研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2012, 32(4): 1071-1076.
[30]	潘红丽, 李迈和, 蔡小虎, 等. 海拔梯度上的植物生长与生理生态特性[J]. 生态环境学报, 2009, 18(2): 722-730.
[31]	杨元合, 朴世龙. 青藏高原草地植被覆盖变化及其与气候因子的关系[J]. 植物生态学报, 2006, 30(1): 1-8.

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Altitudinal Changes in Structure of Middle-aged Picea crassifolia Forests on the Northern Slope of the Qilian Mountains

1. Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China

2. Academy of Water Resources Conservation Forests in Qilian Mountain of Gansu Province, Zhangye 734000, Gansu, China

Received Date: 2014-10-10

Abstract: The structures of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia) forests in Dayekou watershed on the northern slope of Qilian Mountains were studied along the altitude from 2 500~3 300 m, and the values were calculated with sub-segment elevation (per 100 m a. s. l.). The results are as follows. (1) The forest density was high while the trees were relatively small in the study area. The forest density, DBH, H and crown diameter of stands were 1 550 ± 628 trees·hm-2, 13.9 ± 6.2 cm, 8.1 ± 3.7 m and 3.3 ± 1.7 m, respectively. With the elevation increasing, the forest density, the average DBH and the crown diameter decreased. The average H showed a "unimodal" change. (2) The saplings (DBH 5~12.5cm) and middle trees (DBH 12.5~22.5cm) were predominant in the forests, and the height of trees were about 6~12 m. With the elevation increasing, the percentage of seedlings (DBH≤5 cm) in forest showed a basic stability, the percentage of saplings decreased slightly, the percentage of middle trees showed a "unimodal" change, which peaked at 2 800~2 900 m a. s. l., the percentage of big trees (DBH>22.5 cm) increased. The percentage of the stands (H≤6 m) showed a "V" shaped change, which the minimum value appeared at 2 800~2 900 m a. s. l.. The percentages of the stands (H: 6~12 m) and the stands (H >12 m) showed "unimodal" changes, peaking at 2 600~2 700 m and 2 800~2 900 m a. s. l., respectively. (3) The ratio of height to diameter ranged from 0.45~0.73 and the breast-height basal area ranged from 7.86~33.32 m2· hm-2, with the elevation increasing, both of them showed a "unimodal" change, which peaked at 2 800~2 900 m a. s. l.. Analysis shows that the stand density, moisture and temperature conditions were leading to the differentiation of the growth in tree diameter and height. The middle segment elevation (2 800~2 900 m a. s. l.) is the most suitable area for Qinghai spruce forests distribution in this area.

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Reference (31)

[1]	Bachofen H, Zingg A. Effectiveness of structure improvement thinning on stand structure in subalpine Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2001, 145(1): 137-149.
[2]	王占印, 于澎涛, 王双贵, 等. 宁夏六盘山区辽东栎林的空间分布及林分特征[J]. 林业科学研究, 2011, 24(1): 97-102.
[3]	陈辉荣, 周新年, 蔡瑞添, 等. 天然林不同强度择伐后林分空间结构变化动态[J]. 植物科学学报, 2012 (3): 230-237.
[4]	王彦辉, 金旻, 于澎涛. 我国与森林植被和水资源有关的环境问题及研究趋势[J]. 林业科学研究, 2004, 16(6): 739-747.
[5]	Tague C, Zhu J. Interactions between climate change impacts on forest productivity and mortality and stream water quality in the US Western Mountains[C]//AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. 2013, 1: 06.
[6]	He Z, Zhao W, Liu H, et al. Effect of forest on annual water yield in the mountains of an arid inland river basin: a case study in the Pailugou catchment on northwestern China's Qilian Mountains[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2012, 26(4): 613-621.
[7]	Gaston K J. Global patterns in biodiversity[J]. Nature, 2000, 405(6783): 220-227.
[8]	Alves L F, Vieira S A, Scaranello M A, et al. Forest structure and live aboveground biomass variation along an elevational gradient of tropical Atlantic moist forest (Brazil)[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2010, 260(5): 679-691.
[9]	Wang X, Fang J, Tang Z, et al. Climatic control of primary forest structure and DBH-height allometry in Northeast China[J]. Forest ecology and management, 2006, 234(1): 264-274.
[10]	Sakai A, Inoue M, Fujita K, et al. Variations in discharge from the Qilian mountains, northwest China, and its effect on the agricultural communities of the Heihe basin, over the last two millennia[J]. Water History, 2012, 4(2): 177-196.
[11]	张立杰, 赵文智, 何志斌. 青海云杉 (Picea crassifolia) 种群格局的分形特征及其影响因素[J]. 生态学报, 2008, 28(4): 1383-1389.
[12]	张立杰, 蒋志荣. 青海云杉种群分布格局沿海拔梯度分形特征的变化[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2006, 21(2): 64-66.
[13]	赵丽琼, 黄华国, 梁大双, 等. 甘肃大野口青海云杉种群的空间分布格局[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2010 (4): 59-64.
[14]	李效雄, 刘贤德, 赵维俊. 祁连山大野口流域青海云杉种群结构和空间分布格局[J]. 干旱区地理, 2012, 35(6): 960-967.
[15]	李效雄, 刘贤德, 赵维俊. 祁连山青海云杉林动态监测样地群落特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2013, 33(1): 94-100.
[16]	刘建泉, 丁国民, 郝虎, 等. 青海云杉群落特征和动态的研究[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2008, 23(1): 14-17.
[17]	刘建泉, 孙建忠, 杨开恩, 等. 东大河林区青海云杉种群结构与动态[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2012, 27(2): 18-21.
[18]	赵维俊, 刘贤德, 金铭, 等. 祁连山青海云杉林群落结构分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2012, 29(4): 615-620.
[19]	陈银萍, 于飞, 杨宗娟, 等. 1 东祁连山青海云杉种群大小结构及其动态研究[J]. 广西植物, 2013, 2: 021.
[20]	郝佳, 熊伟, 王彦辉, 等. 宁夏六盘山华北落叶松人工林雪害的影响因子[J]. 林业科学, 2012, 48(7): 1-7.
[21]	Qi Z, Liu H, Wu X, et al. Climate-driven speedup of alpine treeline forest growth in the Tianshan Mountains, Northwestern China[J]. Global change biology, 2014.
[22]	刘贵峰, 刘玉平, 郭仲军, 等. 天山云杉林生物量及其变化规律的研究[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2013, 28(5): 13-17.
[23]	邓坤枚, 石培礼, 杨振林. 长白山树线交错带的生物量分配和净生产力[J]. 自然资源学报, 2006, 21(6): 942-948.
[24]	Zhang W, Jiang Y, Dong M, et al. Relationship between the radial growth of Picea meyeri and climate along elevations of the Luyashan Mountain in North-Central China[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2012, 265: 142-149.
[25]	Namgail T, Rawat G S, Mishra C, et al. Biomass and diversity of dry alpine plant communities along altitudinal gradients in the Himalayas[J]. Journal of plant research, 2012, 125(1): 93-101.
[26]	葛全胜, 赵名茶, 张雪芹, 等. 过去 50 年中国森林资源和降水变化的统计分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2001, 16(5): 413-419.
[27]	张涛, 车克钧, 王辉. 祁连山青海云杉林不同海拔梯度土壤水分动态变化[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2009, 48(5): 1107-1111.
[28]	王金叶, 常学向, 葛双兰, 等. 祁连山 (北坡) 水热状况与植被垂直分布[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2009 (z1): 1-3.
[29]	金铭, 车宗玺, 敬文茂, 等. 祁连山水源涵养林区降水及温度时空变化研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2012, 32(4): 1071-1076.
[30]	潘红丽, 李迈和, 蔡小虎, 等. 海拔梯度上的植物生长与生理生态特性[J]. 生态环境学报, 2009, 18(2): 722-730.
[31]	杨元合, 朴世龙. 青藏高原草地植被覆盖变化及其与气候因子的关系[J]. 植物生态学报, 2006, 30(1): 1-8.

Altitudinal Changes in Structure of Middle-aged Picea crassifolia Forests on the Northern Slope of the Qilian Mountains

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References

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Proportional views

Altitudinal Changes in Structure of Middle-aged Picea crassifolia Forests on the Northern Slope of the Qilian Mountains

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