Scientific Basis and Prospects of Biological Fire-prevention-belt Technique

WANG Hai-hui

Volume 28 Issue 5

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Scientific Basis and Prospects of Biological Fire-prevention-belt Technique

WANG Hai-hui¹

1.
State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China

Received Date: 2014-12-25

Abstract

Biological fire-prevention-belt technique is specific to the relatively dense plantation of evergreen broad-leaf species in highly-flammable coniferous communities in the form of a belt, for the purpose of preventing and blocking the spread of surface and crown fire. Research indicates that the functions of fire prevention and blockage not solely come from poor flammability of the plant leaves, but more importantly are originated from the individual crown structure of evergreen broad-leaf species and the stands formed as a result of relatively dense plantation. By inhibiting the growth of surface fuels in the belt, the surface fire can be isolated. During the attack of a crown fire, the fire intensity is lessened by the poor combustibility and layered feature of the plant crown. This rapidly reduces the efficiency of heat transfer during the fire spread, leading to the automatic termination of fire spread. Compared to the conventional fuel breaks, this technique has obvious advantages in the efficiency of blocking flame radiation and firebrands sourced from an external fire and in conserving local soil and water as well as maintaining the local ecology. So far, there is a lack of the understanding on its quantitative capacity in resisting the crown fire intensity, and no technical performance indexes and detailed implementation specifications have been established; thus, this technique remains at an empirical stage. Further development and improvement of this technique not only can ensure its effectiveness in the forest fire separation practice, but also make it available to maximize its utilization in other fire-prone areas such as the wildland and urban interface.
- forest fire prevention,
- biological fire-prevention-belt technique,
- fire-blocking mechanism,
- technique performance index,
- fire separation

References

[1]	国家林业局森林防火办公室. 中国生物防火林带建设[M]. 中国林业出版社, 北京, 2003.
[2]	毕忠镇, 郭惠如. 科学有效的森林防火工程-生物防火林带[C]. 2007中美灾害防御研讨会, 北京, 2007.
[3]	陈存及, 何宗明, 陈东华, 等. 37种针阔叶树种抗火性能及其综合评价的研究[J]. 林业科学, 1995, 31(2):135-143.
[4]	舒立福, 田晓瑞, 李惠凯. 防火林带研究进展[J]. 林业科学, 1999, 35(4):80-85.
[5]	田晓瑞, 贺庆棠, 舒立福. 利用锥形量热仪分析树种阻火性能[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2001, 23(1):48-51.
[6]	吴道圣, 张新民, 蒋明田. 生物防火适宜树种的综合评定[J]. 林业科技开发, 2001, 15(1):17-19.
[7]	徐六一, 罗宁, 刘桂华, 等. 安徽省防火树种的选择及评价研究[J]. 安徽农业大学学报, 2005, 32(3):349-353.
[8]	刘桂华, 张洁, 余立华, 等. 皖南19种树种生物防火能力的研究[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2006, 34(5):892-893,897.
[9]	李世友, 罗文彪, 舒清态, 等. 昆明地区25种木本植物的燃烧特性研究及防火树种筛选[J]. 浙江林学院学报, 2009, 26(3):351-357.
[10]	White R H, Zipperer W C. Testing and classification of individual plants for fire behaviour:plant selection for the willdand-urban interface[J]. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2010, 19(2):213-227.
[11]	郑焕能, 刘继红. 生物阻火层次分析法[M]//陈存及, 杨长职, 吴德友:生物防火研究. 东北林业大学出版社, 哈尔滨, 1995, 45-48.
[12]	Wang H H, Zhu F. On the potential of woody plant species to form flaming combustion[R]. Unpublished Data, 2012.
[13]	王寅, 王海晖, 朱凤, 等. 树叶组成的热解反应及其热稳定性的理论解析[J]. 林业科学, 2012, 48(11):98-106.
[14]	Di Blasi C. Modeling chemical and physical processes of wood and biomass pyrolysis[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2008, 34(1):47-90.
[15]	王海晖, 朱凤. 辐射热流作用下树叶样品的燃烧特征研究[J]. 火灾科学, 2013, 22(1):1-9.
[16]	陶骏骏, 王海晖, 朱凤. 辐射点燃树叶样品过程中的能量分配[C]. 中国工程热物理学会2014年学术年会论文集, 西安, 2014.
[17]	李振问. 木荷生物防火工程的应用效果研究[J]. 林业科学, 1997, 33(4):338-348.
[18]	Pyne S J, Andrews P L, Laven R D. Introduction to Wildland Fire[M].2^nd ed. Wiley, America, 1996.
[19]	Rothermel, R C. A mathematical model for predicting fire spread in wildland fuels[R]. USDA Forest Service Research Paper INT-115, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, Utah, 1972.
[20]	Wang H H. Analytical model for determining thermal radiance of fire plumes with implication to wildland fire[J]. Combustion Science and Technology, 2009, 181(2):245-263.
[21]	吴德友, 刘爱荣, 姜绍满, 等. 南方林区防火林带体系建设[M]//陈存及, 杨长职, 吴德友:生物防火研究. 东北林业大学出版社, 哈尔滨, 1995, 27-34.
[22]	孙岩, 李秋梅, 宁宝杰. 大兴安岭林区防火林带耐火树种的选择[J]. 林业科技, 2001, 26(3):31-34,30.
[23]	刘广菊, 孙清芳, 李云红, 等. 改培型生物防火林带阻隔体系防火效果评价体系构建[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2012, 40(4):106-109.
[24]	周宇峰. 木荷防火林带阻火机理的研究[D]. 浙江农林大学, 2007.
[25]	徐高福, 余树全, 赵洁, 等. 木荷防火林带群落及其不同立地生长特性研究[J]. 福建林业科技, 2009, 36(3):88-91.
[26]	刘世勤, 丰炳权, 汪建敏, 等. 千岛湖库区防火林带结构与组成及其优化选择[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版, 2010, 34(5):153-156.
[27]	翁永发, 柴雄, 戴慈荣, 等. 木荷生物防火林带与针叶林易燃物数量比较研究[J]. 浙江林业科技, 2010, 30(4):62-65.
[28]	王海晖, 王清安, 张人杰, 等. 森林地表燃料的载量对火蔓延速度的影响[C]. 全国高等学校工程热物理第四届学术会议论文集,浙江大学出版社,杭州, 1992.
[29]	Wang H H. Analysis on downwind distribution of firebrands sourced from a wildland fire[J]. Fire Technology, 2011, 47(2):321-340.

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Scientific Basis and Prospects of Biological Fire-prevention-belt Technique

1. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China

Received Date: 2014-12-25

Abstract: Biological fire-prevention-belt technique is specific to the relatively dense plantation of evergreen broad-leaf species in highly-flammable coniferous communities in the form of a belt, for the purpose of preventing and blocking the spread of surface and crown fire. Research indicates that the functions of fire prevention and blockage not solely come from poor flammability of the plant leaves, but more importantly are originated from the individual crown structure of evergreen broad-leaf species and the stands formed as a result of relatively dense plantation. By inhibiting the growth of surface fuels in the belt, the surface fire can be isolated. During the attack of a crown fire, the fire intensity is lessened by the poor combustibility and layered feature of the plant crown. This rapidly reduces the efficiency of heat transfer during the fire spread, leading to the automatic termination of fire spread. Compared to the conventional fuel breaks, this technique has obvious advantages in the efficiency of blocking flame radiation and firebrands sourced from an external fire and in conserving local soil and water as well as maintaining the local ecology. So far, there is a lack of the understanding on its quantitative capacity in resisting the crown fire intensity, and no technical performance indexes and detailed implementation specifications have been established; thus, this technique remains at an empirical stage. Further development and improvement of this technique not only can ensure its effectiveness in the forest fire separation practice, but also make it available to maximize its utilization in other fire-prone areas such as the wildland and urban interface.

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Reference (29)

[1]	国家林业局森林防火办公室. 中国生物防火林带建设[M]. 中国林业出版社, 北京, 2003.
[2]	毕忠镇, 郭惠如. 科学有效的森林防火工程-生物防火林带[C]. 2007中美灾害防御研讨会, 北京, 2007.
[3]	陈存及, 何宗明, 陈东华, 等. 37种针阔叶树种抗火性能及其综合评价的研究[J]. 林业科学, 1995, 31(2):135-143.
[4]	舒立福, 田晓瑞, 李惠凯. 防火林带研究进展[J]. 林业科学, 1999, 35(4):80-85.
[5]	田晓瑞, 贺庆棠, 舒立福. 利用锥形量热仪分析树种阻火性能[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2001, 23(1):48-51.
[6]	吴道圣, 张新民, 蒋明田. 生物防火适宜树种的综合评定[J]. 林业科技开发, 2001, 15(1):17-19.
[7]	徐六一, 罗宁, 刘桂华, 等. 安徽省防火树种的选择及评价研究[J]. 安徽农业大学学报, 2005, 32(3):349-353.
[8]	刘桂华, 张洁, 余立华, 等. 皖南19种树种生物防火能力的研究[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2006, 34(5):892-893,897.
[9]	李世友, 罗文彪, 舒清态, 等. 昆明地区25种木本植物的燃烧特性研究及防火树种筛选[J]. 浙江林学院学报, 2009, 26(3):351-357.
[10]	White R H, Zipperer W C. Testing and classification of individual plants for fire behaviour:plant selection for the willdand-urban interface[J]. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2010, 19(2):213-227.
[11]	郑焕能, 刘继红. 生物阻火层次分析法[M]//陈存及, 杨长职, 吴德友:生物防火研究. 东北林业大学出版社, 哈尔滨, 1995, 45-48.
[12]	Wang H H, Zhu F. On the potential of woody plant species to form flaming combustion[R]. Unpublished Data, 2012.
[13]	王寅, 王海晖, 朱凤, 等. 树叶组成的热解反应及其热稳定性的理论解析[J]. 林业科学, 2012, 48(11):98-106.
[14]	Di Blasi C. Modeling chemical and physical processes of wood and biomass pyrolysis[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2008, 34(1):47-90.
[15]	王海晖, 朱凤. 辐射热流作用下树叶样品的燃烧特征研究[J]. 火灾科学, 2013, 22(1):1-9.
[16]	陶骏骏, 王海晖, 朱凤. 辐射点燃树叶样品过程中的能量分配[C]. 中国工程热物理学会2014年学术年会论文集, 西安, 2014.
[17]	李振问. 木荷生物防火工程的应用效果研究[J]. 林业科学, 1997, 33(4):338-348.
[18]	Pyne S J, Andrews P L, Laven R D. Introduction to Wildland Fire[M].2^nd ed. Wiley, America, 1996.
[19]	Rothermel, R C. A mathematical model for predicting fire spread in wildland fuels[R]. USDA Forest Service Research Paper INT-115, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, Utah, 1972.
[20]	Wang H H. Analytical model for determining thermal radiance of fire plumes with implication to wildland fire[J]. Combustion Science and Technology, 2009, 181(2):245-263.
[21]	吴德友, 刘爱荣, 姜绍满, 等. 南方林区防火林带体系建设[M]//陈存及, 杨长职, 吴德友:生物防火研究. 东北林业大学出版社, 哈尔滨, 1995, 27-34.
[22]	孙岩, 李秋梅, 宁宝杰. 大兴安岭林区防火林带耐火树种的选择[J]. 林业科技, 2001, 26(3):31-34,30.
[23]	刘广菊, 孙清芳, 李云红, 等. 改培型生物防火林带阻隔体系防火效果评价体系构建[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2012, 40(4):106-109.
[24]	周宇峰. 木荷防火林带阻火机理的研究[D]. 浙江农林大学, 2007.
[25]	徐高福, 余树全, 赵洁, 等. 木荷防火林带群落及其不同立地生长特性研究[J]. 福建林业科技, 2009, 36(3):88-91.
[26]	刘世勤, 丰炳权, 汪建敏, 等. 千岛湖库区防火林带结构与组成及其优化选择[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版, 2010, 34(5):153-156.
[27]	翁永发, 柴雄, 戴慈荣, 等. 木荷生物防火林带与针叶林易燃物数量比较研究[J]. 浙江林业科技, 2010, 30(4):62-65.
[28]	王海晖, 王清安, 张人杰, 等. 森林地表燃料的载量对火蔓延速度的影响[C]. 全国高等学校工程热物理第四届学术会议论文集,浙江大学出版社,杭州, 1992.
[29]	Wang H H. Analysis on downwind distribution of firebrands sourced from a wildland fire[J]. Fire Technology, 2011, 47(2):321-340.

Scientific Basis and Prospects of Biological Fire-prevention-belt Technique

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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Scientific Basis and Prospects of Biological Fire-prevention-belt Technique

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