Genetic Diversity and Stability of Azadirachta indica Seed Quality Characters

PENG Xing-min; WU Jiang-chong; WANG You-qiong; ZHENG Yi-xing; MA Li-yi; ZHANG Yan-ping

Volume 28 Issue 6

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Genetic Diversity and Stability of Azadirachta indica Seed Quality Characters

1.
Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China

Received Date: 2015-08-03

Abstract

Based on fully investigation of neem resources in Yunnan, the azadirachtin content of seedling colonies were tested by HPLC. The genetic diversity and stability of Azadirachta indica seed quality characters were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, ANOVA, hierarchical clustering, and repeatability estimation. The results showed that:① The seed quality varied in a wide range, with variation of azadirachtin A, azadirachtin B, azadirachtin A&B, and ratio of azadirachtin A to B as 0.28% 0.85%, 0.04% 0.39%, 0.37% 1.15% and 1.698.25, respectively. ② The azadirachtin content of seeds could be divided into three types:High(azA ≥ 0.69%, azB ≥ 0.25%, and azAB ≥ 0.92%), Low(azA ≤ 0.44%, azB ≤ 0.10%, and azAB ≤ 0.51%), and Medium(azA=0.68% 0.45%, azB=0.24% 0.11%, and azAB=0.91% 0.52%). The type "High" could be further divided into "Superior azA&B(azAB ≥ 1.15%)", "Superior azA with poor azB(azA ≥ 0.85%, azB ≤ 0.21%)", "Superior azB with poor azA(azA ≤ 0.67%, azB ≥ 0.39%)", and "High azA&B(azAB=1.05% 0.92%)". ③ The repeatability of azA and azAB were 0.2063 and 0.3252 respectively, with a "medium" repeatability. ④ The seeds of type "Superior azA&B" were the ideal materials for officinal neem breeding, and the type "Superior azA with poor azB" and "Superior azB with poor azA" could be cross parents in further officinal neem breeding to provide potential complementary.
- Azadirachta indica,
- genetic resources,
- azadirachtin,
- genetic diversity,
- repeatability

References

[1]	彭兴民,吴疆翀,郑益兴,等.印楝属(Azadirachta A. Juss.)植物分类及分布的研究现状[J].植物遗传资源学报,2012,13(4):583-588.
[2]	龙廷位.云南省退耕还林工程造林树种及其成效分析[J].林业建设,2008(4):18-22.
[3]	谭卫红,宋湛谦.印楝的化学成分及其生物活性[J].东北林业大学学报,2005,33(6):76-78.
[4]	樊会丹,张从海,严胜骄,等.印楝素的合成、结构修饰及生物活性研究进展[J].有机化学,2009,29(1):20-33.
[5]	李晓东,赵善欢.楝科植物次生化合物及其构效关系[J].华南农业大学学报,1997,18(3):29-32.
[6]	Schmutterer H. The tree and its characteristics[M]//Schmutterer H. The Neem Tree:Source of Unique Natural Products for Integrated Pest Management, Medicine, Industry and Other Purposes. Weinheim,Germany:VCH Verlagsgesellschaft,1995:585-666.
[7]	Schmutterer H, Doll M. The Marrango or Philippine Neem Tree, Azadirachta excelsa(=A.integrifoliola):A New Source of Insecticides with Growth-Regulating Properties[J]. Phytoparasitica,1993,21(1):79-86.
[8]	Ermel K. Azadirachtin content of neem seed kernels from different regions of the world[M]//Schmutterer H. The Neem Tree:Source of Unique Natural Products for Integrated Pest Management, Medicine, Industry and Other Purposes. Weinheim,Germany:VCH Verlagsgesellschaft,1995:89-92.
[9]	Kaushik N, Singh B G, Tomar U K, et al. Regional and habitat variability in azadirachtin content of Indian neem(Azadirachta indica A. Jusieu)[J]. Current Science, 2007,92,(10):1400-1406.
[10]	Momchilova S, Antonova D, Marekov I., et al. Fatty acids, triacylglycerols, and sterols in Neem oil(Azadirachta indica A. Juss) as determined by a combination of chromatographic and spectral techniques[J]. Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologies, 2007,30,(4):11-25.
[11]	Demirbas A. Potential Resources of Non-edible Oils for Biodiesel[J]. Energy Sources, Part B:Economics, Planning, and Policy, 2009,4(3):310-314.
[12]	Gupta V K, Ahlawat S P, Kumar RV, et al. Effect of season and year on azadirachtin A and oil content in neem(Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seeds and relationship of azadirachtin A and oil content with rainfall, temperature and humidity[J]. Current Science, 2010, 99(7):953-956.
[13]	Tomar U K, Singh G, Kaushik N. Screening Azadirachta indica tree for enhancing azadirachtin and oil contents in dry areas of Gujarat[J]. Journal of Forestry Research,2011,22(2):217-224.
[14]	吴疆翀,彭兴民,郑益兴,等.印楝素含量与种子形态及成熟期关系的初步研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(5):590-594.
[15]	彭兴民,吴疆翀,张燕平,等.印楝农药原料林优树选择方法与标准[J].福建林学院学报,2010,30(3):265-269.
[16]	赵善欢.参加第三届国际印楝会议的收获[J].农药译丛,1987,9(1):1-4.
[17]	张兴,赵善欢.国产印楝树皮中印楝素测试初报[J].西北农业大学学报,1992,20(4):90-94.
[18]	Yakkundi S R, Thejavathi R, Ravindranath B. Variation of azadirachtin content during growth and storage of Neem(Azadirachta indica) seeds[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 1995, 43(9):257-259.
[19]	Johnson S, Morgan E D, Peiris C J. Development of the Major Triterpenoids and Oil in the Fruit and Seeds of Neem[J]. Annals of Botany, 1996,78:383-388.
[20]	彭兴民,吴疆翀,王有琼,等.药用印楝表型选择的因子分析及综合评价[J].林业科学研究,2015,28(4):464-472.
[21]	张志祥,程东美,徐汉虹,等.印楝素A和印楝素B的生物活性及增效作用[J].华中农业大学学报,2004,23(5):515-518.
[22]	宗乾收,林军,武永昆,等.印楝种仁中印楝素含量的快速液相色谱分析[J].农药, 2003,42(4):23-24.
[23]	阮桂海. SAS统计分析实用大全[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[24]	续九如.重复力及其在树木育种中的应用[J].北京林业大学学报,1988,10(4):97-102.
[25]	Kundu S K. Comparative analysis of seed morphometric and allozyme data among four populations of neem(Azadirachta indica)[J]. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 1999,46:569-577.
[26]	彭兴民,吴疆翀,郑益兴,等.云南引种印楝实生种群的表型变异[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(6):560-571.
[27]	赵寿元,乔守怡.现代遗传学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.
[28]	赵粉侠,彭兴民,张燕平.印楝引种栽培及研究进展[J].陕西林业科技, 2004(2):63-70.
[29]	赖永祺.印楝栽培[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2003.

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Genetic Diversity and Stability of Azadirachta indica Seed Quality Characters

1. Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China

Received Date: 2015-08-03

Abstract: Based on fully investigation of neem resources in Yunnan, the azadirachtin content of seedling colonies were tested by HPLC. The genetic diversity and stability of Azadirachta indica seed quality characters were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, ANOVA, hierarchical clustering, and repeatability estimation. The results showed that:① The seed quality varied in a wide range, with variation of azadirachtin A, azadirachtin B, azadirachtin A&B, and ratio of azadirachtin A to B as 0.28% 0.85%, 0.04% 0.39%, 0.37% 1.15% and 1.698.25, respectively. ② The azadirachtin content of seeds could be divided into three types:High(azA ≥ 0.69%, azB ≥ 0.25%, and azAB ≥ 0.92%), Low(azA ≤ 0.44%, azB ≤ 0.10%, and azAB ≤ 0.51%), and Medium(azA=0.68% 0.45%, azB=0.24% 0.11%, and azAB=0.91% 0.52%). The type "High" could be further divided into "Superior azA&B(azAB ≥ 1.15%)", "Superior azA with poor azB(azA ≥ 0.85%, azB ≤ 0.21%)", "Superior azB with poor azA(azA ≤ 0.67%, azB ≥ 0.39%)", and "High azA&B(azAB=1.05% 0.92%)". ③ The repeatability of azA and azAB were 0.2063 and 0.3252 respectively, with a "medium" repeatability. ④ The seeds of type "Superior azA&B" were the ideal materials for officinal neem breeding, and the type "Superior azA with poor azB" and "Superior azB with poor azA" could be cross parents in further officinal neem breeding to provide potential complementary.

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Reference (29)

[1]	彭兴民,吴疆翀,郑益兴,等.印楝属(Azadirachta A. Juss.)植物分类及分布的研究现状[J].植物遗传资源学报,2012,13(4):583-588.
[2]	龙廷位.云南省退耕还林工程造林树种及其成效分析[J].林业建设,2008(4):18-22.
[3]	谭卫红,宋湛谦.印楝的化学成分及其生物活性[J].东北林业大学学报,2005,33(6):76-78.
[4]	樊会丹,张从海,严胜骄,等.印楝素的合成、结构修饰及生物活性研究进展[J].有机化学,2009,29(1):20-33.
[5]	李晓东,赵善欢.楝科植物次生化合物及其构效关系[J].华南农业大学学报,1997,18(3):29-32.
[6]	Schmutterer H. The tree and its characteristics[M]//Schmutterer H. The Neem Tree:Source of Unique Natural Products for Integrated Pest Management, Medicine, Industry and Other Purposes. Weinheim,Germany:VCH Verlagsgesellschaft,1995:585-666.
[7]	Schmutterer H, Doll M. The Marrango or Philippine Neem Tree, Azadirachta excelsa(=A.integrifoliola):A New Source of Insecticides with Growth-Regulating Properties[J]. Phytoparasitica,1993,21(1):79-86.
[8]	Ermel K. Azadirachtin content of neem seed kernels from different regions of the world[M]//Schmutterer H. The Neem Tree:Source of Unique Natural Products for Integrated Pest Management, Medicine, Industry and Other Purposes. Weinheim,Germany:VCH Verlagsgesellschaft,1995:89-92.
[9]	Kaushik N, Singh B G, Tomar U K, et al. Regional and habitat variability in azadirachtin content of Indian neem(Azadirachta indica A. Jusieu)[J]. Current Science, 2007,92,(10):1400-1406.
[10]	Momchilova S, Antonova D, Marekov I., et al. Fatty acids, triacylglycerols, and sterols in Neem oil(Azadirachta indica A. Juss) as determined by a combination of chromatographic and spectral techniques[J]. Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologies, 2007,30,(4):11-25.
[11]	Demirbas A. Potential Resources of Non-edible Oils for Biodiesel[J]. Energy Sources, Part B:Economics, Planning, and Policy, 2009,4(3):310-314.
[12]	Gupta V K, Ahlawat S P, Kumar RV, et al. Effect of season and year on azadirachtin A and oil content in neem(Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seeds and relationship of azadirachtin A and oil content with rainfall, temperature and humidity[J]. Current Science, 2010, 99(7):953-956.
[13]	Tomar U K, Singh G, Kaushik N. Screening Azadirachta indica tree for enhancing azadirachtin and oil contents in dry areas of Gujarat[J]. Journal of Forestry Research,2011,22(2):217-224.
[14]	吴疆翀,彭兴民,郑益兴,等.印楝素含量与种子形态及成熟期关系的初步研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(5):590-594.
[15]	彭兴民,吴疆翀,张燕平,等.印楝农药原料林优树选择方法与标准[J].福建林学院学报,2010,30(3):265-269.
[16]	赵善欢.参加第三届国际印楝会议的收获[J].农药译丛,1987,9(1):1-4.
[17]	张兴,赵善欢.国产印楝树皮中印楝素测试初报[J].西北农业大学学报,1992,20(4):90-94.
[18]	Yakkundi S R, Thejavathi R, Ravindranath B. Variation of azadirachtin content during growth and storage of Neem(Azadirachta indica) seeds[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 1995, 43(9):257-259.
[19]	Johnson S, Morgan E D, Peiris C J. Development of the Major Triterpenoids and Oil in the Fruit and Seeds of Neem[J]. Annals of Botany, 1996,78:383-388.
[20]	彭兴民,吴疆翀,王有琼,等.药用印楝表型选择的因子分析及综合评价[J].林业科学研究,2015,28(4):464-472.
[21]	张志祥,程东美,徐汉虹,等.印楝素A和印楝素B的生物活性及增效作用[J].华中农业大学学报,2004,23(5):515-518.
[22]	宗乾收,林军,武永昆,等.印楝种仁中印楝素含量的快速液相色谱分析[J].农药, 2003,42(4):23-24.
[23]	阮桂海. SAS统计分析实用大全[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[24]	续九如.重复力及其在树木育种中的应用[J].北京林业大学学报,1988,10(4):97-102.
[25]	Kundu S K. Comparative analysis of seed morphometric and allozyme data among four populations of neem(Azadirachta indica)[J]. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 1999,46:569-577.
[26]	彭兴民,吴疆翀,郑益兴,等.云南引种印楝实生种群的表型变异[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(6):560-571.
[27]	赵寿元,乔守怡.现代遗传学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.
[28]	赵粉侠,彭兴民,张燕平.印楝引种栽培及研究进展[J].陕西林业科技, 2004(2):63-70.
[29]	赖永祺.印楝栽培[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2003.

Genetic Diversity and Stability of Azadirachta indica Seed Quality Characters

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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Genetic Diversity and Stability of Azadirachta indica Seed Quality Characters

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