Phenotypic Difference among Species and a Variation Type of Azadirachta

ZHU Li-li; WU Jiang-chong; PENG Xing-min; ZHENG Yi-xing; ZHANG Yan-ping

Volume 29 Issue 2

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Phenotypic Difference among Species and a Variation Type of Azadirachta

1.
Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China

Received Date: 2015-10-28

Abstract

[Objective]To reveal the morphological diversity and phenotypic traits among Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Azadirachta siamensis Val., Azadirachta excels (Jack) M. Jacobs and a variation type found in pure A. indica plantation domesticated in Yunnan, China. [Method]ANOVA, Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to study the 20 phenotypic traits of the three Azadirachta species and the variation type. [Result]There were wide variations in the morphologic features of Azadirachta. Among all morphologic features, the leaflet area had the maximum variation range which was 6.09~21.50 cm2, with highest variance coefficient of 51.70%; followed by seed width, ranged from 0.47 cm to 0.95 cm, with the variance coefficient of 30.34%; the leaflet number ranged from 7.00 to 12.33, with variance coefficient of 30.31%. Principal component analysis showed that the main variations were resulted from leaflet deflection, leaflet shape, fruit size, leaflet area, compound leaf length and leaflet number. Clustering analysis of species and the variation type of Azadirachta with Melia toosendanas outgroup by UPGMA method showed that Azadirachta could be divided into two groups. One is formed by A. indica, A. siamensis and the variation type, and the other group is formed by A. excelsa. The former could be further divided into two subgroups, A. indica and the variation type could be clustered into the same subgroup, and A. siamensis is in the other subgroup. The variation type was most similar to A. indica in phenotypic traits, but with possibility of natural variation of A. indica or natural hybridization between A. indica and A. siamensis, further research was required to confirm parents of the variation type.
- Azadirachta,
- morphologic features,
- cluster analysis,
- variation,
- natural hybridization

References

[1]	Schmutterer H. The neem tree Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and other meliaceous plants: sources of unique natural products for integrated pest management, medicine, industry and other purposes[M].VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 1995: 1-34.
[2]	张燕平, 赖永祺, 彭兴民, 等. 印楝的世界地理分布与引种栽培概况[J]. 林业调查规划, 2002, 27(3): 98-101.
[3]	Sombatsiri K, Ermel K, Schmutterer H. Other meliaceous plants containing ingredients for integrated pest management and further purposell. The Neem tree Azadirachta indica A. Juss and other meliaceousplants[M]. Germany: VCH, 1995: 585-597.
[4]	Hashmat I, Azad H, Ahmed A. Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)-A nature's drugstore: an overview[J].International Research Journal of Biological Sciences,2012,1(6):76-79.
[5]	Liu N, Sun B, Wu P, et al. Chemopreventive Effects of Azadirachta indica on Cancer Marker Indices and Ultrastructural Changes During 1, 2-Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Rats[J]. Cell biochemistry and biophysics, 2015, 1(73): 101-106.
[6]	Thanigaivel S, Vijayakumar S, Gopinath S, et al. In vivo and in vitro antimicrobial activity of Azadirachta indica (Lin) against Citrobacter freundii isolated from naturally infected Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)[J]. Aquaculture, 2015, 1(437): 252-255.
[7]	王有琼, 马李一, 张重权, 等. 印楝叶多酚提取及体外抗氧化活性[J]. 精细化工, 2015, 1(32): 64-68.
[8]	彭兴民,吴疆翀,王有琼,等. 药用印楝表型选择的因子分析及综合评价[J]. 林业科学研究,2015,28(4):464-472.
[9]	彭兴民, 吴疆翀, 张燕平, 等. 印楝属(Azadirachta A. Juss.)植物分类及分布的研究现状[J].植物遗传资源学报,2012, 13(4):583-588.
[10]	彭兴民, 吴疆翀, 郑益兴, 等. 云南引种印楝实生种群的表型变异[J]. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(6): 560-571.
[11]	彭兴民, 吴疆翀, 郑益兴, 等. 云南引种印楝实生栽培种群表型的地理变异[J]. 林业科学研究, 2013, 26(4): 399-405.
[12]	Rohlf F J. NTSYSPC: Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system[M].New York: Exter Publishers, 1994.
[13]	刘仁权,史周华, 李国春, 等.SPSS统计软件[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2011:161.
[14]	Dhilon R S, Ahlawat K, Pundir J S. Botany of Neem[C]//Singh K K, Phogat S, Tomar A, et al. Neem: A Treatise. New Delhi, India: I.K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., 2008:30-43.
[15]	Tomar A, Singh K K. Neem: An Introduction[C]//Singh K K, Phogat S, Tomar A, et al. Neem: A Treatise. New Delhi, India: I.K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., 2008:3-15.
[16]	Schmutterer H. The neem tree Azadirachtaindica A. Juss. And other meliaceous plants: sources of unique natural products for integrated pest management, medicine, industry and other purposes[M]. Weinheim:VCH, Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 1995: 585-597.
[17]	Chowdhary A, Singh V. Geographical distribution, Ethnobotany and Indigenous Uses of Neem[C]//Singh K K, Phogat S, Tomar A, et al. Neem: A Treatise. New Delhi, India: I.K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., 2008:16-29.
[18]	吴疆翀,彭兴民,郑益兴,等. 印楝异交率和基因流的分析[J]. 林业科学研究,2008,21(5): 593-598.
[19]	解玮佳, 李世峰, 李树发, 等. 高山杜鹃与大喇叭杜鹃种间杂交过程的观察研究[J]. 西北植物学报, 2012, 32(12): 2432-2437.
[20]	吴疆翀.印楝繁育系统的研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2007:42-43.
[21]	徐义流, 张绍铃. 花粉-雌蕊相互作用的分子基础[J]. 西北植物学报, 2004, 23(10): 1800-1809.

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Phenotypic Difference among Species and a Variation Type of Azadirachta

1. Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China

Received Date: 2015-10-28

Abstract: [Objective]To reveal the morphological diversity and phenotypic traits among Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Azadirachta siamensis Val., Azadirachta excels (Jack) M. Jacobs and a variation type found in pure A. indica plantation domesticated in Yunnan, China. [Method]ANOVA, Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to study the 20 phenotypic traits of the three Azadirachta species and the variation type. [Result]There were wide variations in the morphologic features of Azadirachta. Among all morphologic features, the leaflet area had the maximum variation range which was 6.09~21.50 cm2, with highest variance coefficient of 51.70%; followed by seed width, ranged from 0.47 cm to 0.95 cm, with the variance coefficient of 30.34%; the leaflet number ranged from 7.00 to 12.33, with variance coefficient of 30.31%. Principal component analysis showed that the main variations were resulted from leaflet deflection, leaflet shape, fruit size, leaflet area, compound leaf length and leaflet number. Clustering analysis of species and the variation type of Azadirachta with Melia toosendanas outgroup by UPGMA method showed that Azadirachta could be divided into two groups. One is formed by A. indica, A. siamensis and the variation type, and the other group is formed by A. excelsa. The former could be further divided into two subgroups, A. indica and the variation type could be clustered into the same subgroup, and A. siamensis is in the other subgroup. The variation type was most similar to A. indica in phenotypic traits, but with possibility of natural variation of A. indica or natural hybridization between A. indica and A. siamensis, further research was required to confirm parents of the variation type.

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Reference (21)

[1]	Schmutterer H. The neem tree Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and other meliaceous plants: sources of unique natural products for integrated pest management, medicine, industry and other purposes[M].VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 1995: 1-34.
[2]	张燕平, 赖永祺, 彭兴民, 等. 印楝的世界地理分布与引种栽培概况[J]. 林业调查规划, 2002, 27(3): 98-101.
[3]	Sombatsiri K, Ermel K, Schmutterer H. Other meliaceous plants containing ingredients for integrated pest management and further purposell. The Neem tree Azadirachta indica A. Juss and other meliaceousplants[M]. Germany: VCH, 1995: 585-597.
[4]	Hashmat I, Azad H, Ahmed A. Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)-A nature's drugstore: an overview[J].International Research Journal of Biological Sciences,2012,1(6):76-79.
[5]	Liu N, Sun B, Wu P, et al. Chemopreventive Effects of Azadirachta indica on Cancer Marker Indices and Ultrastructural Changes During 1, 2-Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Rats[J]. Cell biochemistry and biophysics, 2015, 1(73): 101-106.
[6]	Thanigaivel S, Vijayakumar S, Gopinath S, et al. In vivo and in vitro antimicrobial activity of Azadirachta indica (Lin) against Citrobacter freundii isolated from naturally infected Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)[J]. Aquaculture, 2015, 1(437): 252-255.
[7]	王有琼, 马李一, 张重权, 等. 印楝叶多酚提取及体外抗氧化活性[J]. 精细化工, 2015, 1(32): 64-68.
[8]	彭兴民,吴疆翀,王有琼,等. 药用印楝表型选择的因子分析及综合评价[J]. 林业科学研究,2015,28(4):464-472.
[9]	彭兴民, 吴疆翀, 张燕平, 等. 印楝属(Azadirachta A. Juss.)植物分类及分布的研究现状[J].植物遗传资源学报,2012, 13(4):583-588.
[10]	彭兴民, 吴疆翀, 郑益兴, 等. 云南引种印楝实生种群的表型变异[J]. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(6): 560-571.
[11]	彭兴民, 吴疆翀, 郑益兴, 等. 云南引种印楝实生栽培种群表型的地理变异[J]. 林业科学研究, 2013, 26(4): 399-405.
[12]	Rohlf F J. NTSYSPC: Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system[M].New York: Exter Publishers, 1994.
[13]	刘仁权,史周华, 李国春, 等.SPSS统计软件[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2011:161.
[14]	Dhilon R S, Ahlawat K, Pundir J S. Botany of Neem[C]//Singh K K, Phogat S, Tomar A, et al. Neem: A Treatise. New Delhi, India: I.K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., 2008:30-43.
[15]	Tomar A, Singh K K. Neem: An Introduction[C]//Singh K K, Phogat S, Tomar A, et al. Neem: A Treatise. New Delhi, India: I.K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., 2008:3-15.
[16]	Schmutterer H. The neem tree Azadirachtaindica A. Juss. And other meliaceous plants: sources of unique natural products for integrated pest management, medicine, industry and other purposes[M]. Weinheim:VCH, Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 1995: 585-597.
[17]	Chowdhary A, Singh V. Geographical distribution, Ethnobotany and Indigenous Uses of Neem[C]//Singh K K, Phogat S, Tomar A, et al. Neem: A Treatise. New Delhi, India: I.K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., 2008:16-29.
[18]	吴疆翀,彭兴民,郑益兴,等. 印楝异交率和基因流的分析[J]. 林业科学研究,2008,21(5): 593-598.
[19]	解玮佳, 李世峰, 李树发, 等. 高山杜鹃与大喇叭杜鹃种间杂交过程的观察研究[J]. 西北植物学报, 2012, 32(12): 2432-2437.
[20]	吴疆翀.印楝繁育系统的研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2007:42-43.
[21]	徐义流, 张绍铃. 花粉-雌蕊相互作用的分子基础[J]. 西北植物学报, 2004, 23(10): 1800-1809.

Phenotypic Difference among Species and a Variation Type of Azadirachta

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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Phenotypic Difference among Species and a Variation Type of Azadirachta

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