Study on Diversity Indices of Tree Diameter Size

BAI Chao; HUI Gang-ying

Volume 29 Issue 3

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Study on Diversity Indices of Tree Diameter Size

BAI Chao¹,
HUI Gang-ying¹

1.
Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration

Received Date: 2016-02-24

Abstract

[Objective] To evaluate the tree size diversity of natural and artificial forest.[Method] The data of 6 sample plots were compared and used to estimate the 6 size diversity indices, including size diversity indices that based on diameter distribution of Simpson (DN), Shannon (HN) and individual tree basal area of Gini coefficient (GC), and the size diversity indices that based on differentiation of diameter distribution of Simpson (DT), Shannon(HT) and its mean value (T).[Result] The results showed that the size diversity logical ranking of the 6 plots was successively the contrastive plot of Juglans mandshurica mixed broadleaf-conifer forest in Jilin> the structure-based forest managed plot of J. mandshurica mixed broadleaf-conifer forest in Jilin > the structure-based forest managed plot of Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata broadleaved mixed forest in Gansu > the contrastive plot of Q. aliena var. acutiserrata broadleaved mixed forest in Gansu > the plot of Pinus tabulaeformis and Larix gmelinii mixed plantation> the plot of Platycladus orientalis mixed plantation. The size diversity of natural forest was higher than that of the artificial forest, the more matured stand of old-growth forests in Jilin was higher than half-matured forest in Gansu, the stand been applied structure-based forest management for at least 5 years was higher than the contrastive plot, the mixed artificial stand was higher than the pure artificial stand.[Conclusion] The ordering results of methods GC, HN and DN showed inconformity to the logical ranking, stating that the methods based on diameter distribution could not properly express the differences of size diversity. The ordering results of methods T, DT and HT showed conformity to the logical ranking, stating that the methods based on diameter differentiation distribution could properly express the differences of diameter diversity among the 6 plots. It was better for T to discriminate the differences among 6 plots than DT and HT, due to its ability to estimate continuous variable, reflecting the differential degree between the target trees and the nearest neighboring trees, and that prone to explain its biological meaning. Therefore, it is considered that the T as the best method to express the diameter size diversity.
- tree diameter size diversity,
- diameter distribution,
- diameter size differentiation

References

[1]	Macarthur R H, Macarthur J W. On bird species diversity[J]. Ecology, 1961, 42(3):594-598.
[2]	Buongiorno J, Dahir S, LU H, et al. Tree size diversity and economic returns in uneven-aged forest stand[J]. Forest Science, 1994, 40(1):83-103.
[3]	Fries C, Johansson O, Pettersson B, SIMONSSON P, et al. Silvicultural models to maintain and restore natural stand structures in Swedish boreal forests[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 1997, 94(1):89-103.
[4]	Rydberg D, Falck J. Urban forestry in Sweden from a silvicultural perspective:a review[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2000, 47(1):1-18.
[5]	Lexerød N L, Eid T. An evaluation of different diameter diversity indices based on criteria related to forest management planning[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2006, 222(1):17-28.
[6]	Solomon D S, Gove J H. Effects of uneven-age management intensity on structural diversity in two major forest types in New England[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 1999, 114(2):265-274.
[7]	向玮, 雷相东, 洪玲霞, 等. 落叶松云冷杉林矩阵生长模型及多目标经营模拟[J]. 林业科学, 2011, 47(6):77-87.
[8]	舒树淼, 赵洋毅, 段旭, 等. 基于结构方程模型的云南松次生林林木多样性影响因子[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2015, 43(10):63-67.
[9]	Valbuena R, Packalén P, Marti S, et al. Diversity and equitability ordering profiles applied to study forest structure[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2012(276):185-195.
[10]	黄清麟. 浅谈德国的"近自然森林经营"[J]. 世界林业研究, 2005, 18(3):73-77.
[11]	Varga P, Chen H Y H, Klinka K. Tree-size diversity between single-and mixed-species stands in three forest types in western Canada[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2005, 35(3):593-601.
[12]	lei X D, Wang W, Peng C H. Relationships between stand growth and structural diversity in spruce-dominated forests in New Brunswick, Canada[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2009, 39(10):1835-1847.
[13]	Neumann M, Starlinger F. The significance of different indices for stand structure and diversity in forests[J]. Forest ecology and Management, 2001, 145(1):91-106.
[14]	Gadow K V, Bredenkamp B. Forest management[M]. Pretoria:Academica, 1992.
[15]	黄良文.统计学原理[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2000.
[16]	惠刚盈, 胡艳波, Gadow K等. 结构化森林经营[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社, 2007.
[17]	Shannon C E. Communication theory of secrecy systems[J]. Bell System Technical Journal, 1949, 28(4):656-715.
[18]	Simpson E H. Measurement of diversity[J]. Nature, 1949(21):213-251.
[19]	Buongiorno J. Quantifying the implications of transformation from even to uneven-aged forest stands[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2001, 151(1):121-132.
[20]	Staudhammer C L, v Lemay M. Introduction and evaluation of possible indices of stand structural diversity[J]. Canadian journal of forest research, 2001, 31(7):1105-1115.
[21]	Gini C. Measurement of inequality of incomes[J]. The Economic Journal, 1921(31):124-126.
[22]	王懿祥, 张守攻, 陆元昌, 等. 林木个体大小不一致性指标对人工林间伐方式的即时性响应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(6):1645-1651.
[23]	Duduman G. A forest management planning tool to create highly diverse uneven-aged stands[J]. Forestry, 2011, 84(3):301-314.
[24]	O'hara K L, Hasenauer H, Kindermann G. Sustainability in multi-aged stands:an analysis of long-term plenter systems[J]. Forestry, 2007, 80(2):163-181
[25]	Spies T A. Forest structure:a key to the ecosystem[J]. Northwest science, 1998, 72(2):34-36.
[26]	Wang W, Lei X, Ma Z, et al. Positive relationship between aboveground carbon stocks and structural diversity in spruce-dominated forest stands in New Brunswick, Canada[J]. Forest Science, 2011, 57(6):506-515.
[27]	Rouvinen S, Kuuluvainen T. Tree diameter distributions in natural and managed old Pinus sylvestris-dominated forests[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2005, 208(1):45-61.
[28]	Hui G, PommereninG A. Analysing tree species and size diversity patterns in multi-species uneven-aged forests of Northern China[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2014(316):125-138.

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Study on Diversity Indices of Tree Diameter Size

1. Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration

Received Date: 2016-02-24

Abstract: [Objective] To evaluate the tree size diversity of natural and artificial forest.[Method] The data of 6 sample plots were compared and used to estimate the 6 size diversity indices, including size diversity indices that based on diameter distribution of Simpson (DN), Shannon (HN) and individual tree basal area of Gini coefficient (GC), and the size diversity indices that based on differentiation of diameter distribution of Simpson (DT), Shannon(HT) and its mean value (T).[Result] The results showed that the size diversity logical ranking of the 6 plots was successively the contrastive plot of Juglans mandshurica mixed broadleaf-conifer forest in Jilin> the structure-based forest managed plot of J. mandshurica mixed broadleaf-conifer forest in Jilin > the structure-based forest managed plot of Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata broadleaved mixed forest in Gansu > the contrastive plot of Q. aliena var. acutiserrata broadleaved mixed forest in Gansu > the plot of Pinus tabulaeformis and Larix gmelinii mixed plantation> the plot of Platycladus orientalis mixed plantation. The size diversity of natural forest was higher than that of the artificial forest, the more matured stand of old-growth forests in Jilin was higher than half-matured forest in Gansu, the stand been applied structure-based forest management for at least 5 years was higher than the contrastive plot, the mixed artificial stand was higher than the pure artificial stand.[Conclusion] The ordering results of methods GC, HN and DN showed inconformity to the logical ranking, stating that the methods based on diameter distribution could not properly express the differences of size diversity. The ordering results of methods T, DT and HT showed conformity to the logical ranking, stating that the methods based on diameter differentiation distribution could properly express the differences of diameter diversity among the 6 plots. It was better for T to discriminate the differences among 6 plots than DT and HT, due to its ability to estimate continuous variable, reflecting the differential degree between the target trees and the nearest neighboring trees, and that prone to explain its biological meaning. Therefore, it is considered that the T as the best method to express the diameter size diversity.

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Reference (28)

[1]	Macarthur R H, Macarthur J W. On bird species diversity[J]. Ecology, 1961, 42(3):594-598.
[2]	Buongiorno J, Dahir S, LU H, et al. Tree size diversity and economic returns in uneven-aged forest stand[J]. Forest Science, 1994, 40(1):83-103.
[3]	Fries C, Johansson O, Pettersson B, SIMONSSON P, et al. Silvicultural models to maintain and restore natural stand structures in Swedish boreal forests[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 1997, 94(1):89-103.
[4]	Rydberg D, Falck J. Urban forestry in Sweden from a silvicultural perspective:a review[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2000, 47(1):1-18.
[5]	Lexerød N L, Eid T. An evaluation of different diameter diversity indices based on criteria related to forest management planning[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2006, 222(1):17-28.
[6]	Solomon D S, Gove J H. Effects of uneven-age management intensity on structural diversity in two major forest types in New England[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 1999, 114(2):265-274.
[7]	向玮, 雷相东, 洪玲霞, 等. 落叶松云冷杉林矩阵生长模型及多目标经营模拟[J]. 林业科学, 2011, 47(6):77-87.
[8]	舒树淼, 赵洋毅, 段旭, 等. 基于结构方程模型的云南松次生林林木多样性影响因子[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2015, 43(10):63-67.
[9]	Valbuena R, Packalén P, Marti S, et al. Diversity and equitability ordering profiles applied to study forest structure[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2012(276):185-195.
[10]	黄清麟. 浅谈德国的"近自然森林经营"[J]. 世界林业研究, 2005, 18(3):73-77.
[11]	Varga P, Chen H Y H, Klinka K. Tree-size diversity between single-and mixed-species stands in three forest types in western Canada[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2005, 35(3):593-601.
[12]	lei X D, Wang W, Peng C H. Relationships between stand growth and structural diversity in spruce-dominated forests in New Brunswick, Canada[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2009, 39(10):1835-1847.
[13]	Neumann M, Starlinger F. The significance of different indices for stand structure and diversity in forests[J]. Forest ecology and Management, 2001, 145(1):91-106.
[14]	Gadow K V, Bredenkamp B. Forest management[M]. Pretoria:Academica, 1992.
[15]	黄良文.统计学原理[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2000.
[16]	惠刚盈, 胡艳波, Gadow K等. 结构化森林经营[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社, 2007.
[17]	Shannon C E. Communication theory of secrecy systems[J]. Bell System Technical Journal, 1949, 28(4):656-715.
[18]	Simpson E H. Measurement of diversity[J]. Nature, 1949(21):213-251.
[19]	Buongiorno J. Quantifying the implications of transformation from even to uneven-aged forest stands[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2001, 151(1):121-132.
[20]	Staudhammer C L, v Lemay M. Introduction and evaluation of possible indices of stand structural diversity[J]. Canadian journal of forest research, 2001, 31(7):1105-1115.
[21]	Gini C. Measurement of inequality of incomes[J]. The Economic Journal, 1921(31):124-126.
[22]	王懿祥, 张守攻, 陆元昌, 等. 林木个体大小不一致性指标对人工林间伐方式的即时性响应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(6):1645-1651.
[23]	Duduman G. A forest management planning tool to create highly diverse uneven-aged stands[J]. Forestry, 2011, 84(3):301-314.
[24]	O'hara K L, Hasenauer H, Kindermann G. Sustainability in multi-aged stands:an analysis of long-term plenter systems[J]. Forestry, 2007, 80(2):163-181
[25]	Spies T A. Forest structure:a key to the ecosystem[J]. Northwest science, 1998, 72(2):34-36.
[26]	Wang W, Lei X, Ma Z, et al. Positive relationship between aboveground carbon stocks and structural diversity in spruce-dominated forest stands in New Brunswick, Canada[J]. Forest Science, 2011, 57(6):506-515.
[27]	Rouvinen S, Kuuluvainen T. Tree diameter distributions in natural and managed old Pinus sylvestris-dominated forests[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2005, 208(1):45-61.
[28]	Hui G, PommereninG A. Analysing tree species and size diversity patterns in multi-species uneven-aged forests of Northern China[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2014(316):125-138.

Study on Diversity Indices of Tree Diameter Size

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