Effects of Facultative Mutualism on the Diversity of Ground-dwelling Ant

FU Xing-fei; LU Zhi-xing; CHEN You-qing

Volume 29 Issue 5

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Effects of Facultative Mutualism on the Diversity of Ground-dwelling Ant

1.
Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China
2.
Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China

Received Date: 2016-05-21

Abstract

[Objective] To understand the facultative mutualism consequence in the biodiversity conservation and its spatial and temporal characteristics. [Method] The ground-dwelling ant communities were investigated by pitfall traps in four types of site in Mojiang County, Yunnan Province in May and October, 2015. [Result] (1) Species composition and relative abundance:400 ant individuals were collected in the plot I (Fructus amomi plantation), representing 23 species; 382 ant individuals were collected in the plot II (Lac-Fructus amomi agroforestry without lac insect infestation), representing 15 species; 406 ant individuals were collected in the plot III (Lac-Fructus amomi agroforestry with lac insect infestation once), representing 18 species; 655 ant individuals were collected in the plot IV (Lac-Fructus amomi agroforestry with lac insect infestation), representing 23 species. (2) Ant diversity:there were significant differences of ground-dwelling ant species richness and relative abundance among the four sites. The richness and the relative abundance of ground-dwelling ant species increased by mutualism. The richness ranked as IV > III > II > I, and the relative abundance ranked as III > IV > II > I. (3) Community structure similarity:The ant communities of sites III and IV were dissimilar with those in sites II and I. (4) Indicator species:Tetramorium ciliatum Bolton was the indicator species of plot I, Pheidole capellini Emery and Tetramorium lanuginosum Mayr were the indicator species of plot II, Camponotus parius Emery was the indicator species of plots III and IV. [Conclusion] There were significant positive ecological consequences of facultative mutualism on ant species richness, relative abundance and community structure. Facultative mutualism had spatial and temporal effects on biodiversity conservation.
- facultative mutualism,
- ground-dwelling ant community,
- diversity,
- ecological consequence

References

[1]	Styrsky J D, Eubanks M D. Ecological consequences of interactions between ants and honeydew-producing insects[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B, 2007, 274(1607):151-164.
[2]	Eubanks M D. Estimates of the direct and indirect effects of red imported fire ants on biological control in field crops[J]. Biological Control, 2001, 21(1):35-43.
[3]	Mooney KA. Tritrophic effects of birds and ants on a canopy food web, tree growth, and phytochemistry[J]. Ecology, 2007, 88(8):2005-2014.
[4]	Agrawal A A, Fordyce J A. Induced indirect defence in a lycaenid-ant association:the regulation of a resource in a mutualism[J].Proceedings of the royal society of London B,2000,267(1455):1857-1861.
[5]	Herms D A, Mattson W J. The dilemma of plants:to grow or defend[J]. Quarterly review of biology, 1992, 67(3):283-335.
[6]	Wimp G M, Whitham T G. Biodiversity consequences of predation and host plant hybridization on an aphid-ant mutualism[J]. Ecology, 2001, 82(2):440-452.
[7]	Van Zandt P A, Agrawal A A. Community-wide impacts of herbivore-induced plant responses in common milkweed Asclepias syriaca[J]. Ecology, 2004, 85(9):2616-2629.
[8]	王思铭, 陈又清, 卢志兴, 等. 云南紫胶虫与粗纹举腹蚁之间的互利关系[J]. 昆虫学报, 2013. 56(3):286-292.
[9]	卢志兴, 陈又清, 张威, 等. 蚂蚁-紫胶虫兼性互利关系对蚂蚁群落多样性的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2013, 21(3):343-351,389.
[10]	卢志兴, 陈又清, 李巧, 等. 云南紫胶虫种群数量对地表蚂蚁多样性的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2012, 32(19):6195-6202.
[11]	Heil M, McKey D. Protective ant-plant interactions as model systems in ecological and evolutionary research[J]. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 2003(34):425-453.
[12]	Roth D S, Perfecto I, Rathcke B. The Effects of Management Systems on Ground-Foraging Ant Diversity in Costa Rica[M]//Ecosystem Management.New York:Springer, 1994:399-413.
[13]	Vasconcelos H L. Effects of forest disturbance on the structure of ground-foraging ant communities in central Amazonia[J]. Biodiversity and Conservation, 1999, 8(3):407-418.
[14]	Schonberg L A, Longino J T, Nadkarni N M, et al. Arboreal ant species richness in primary forest, secondary forest, and pasture habitats of a tropical montane landscape[J]. Biotropica, 2004, 36(3):402-409.
[15]	Klimes P, Idigel C, Rimandai M, et al, Novotny V. Why are there more arboreal ant species in primary than in secondary tropical forests[J] Journal of Animal Ecology, 2012, 81(5):1103-1112.
[16]	Samson D A, Rickart E A, Gonzales P C. Ant diversity and abundance along an elevational gradient in the Philippines[J]. Biotropica, 1997, 29(3):349-363.
[17]	Suarez A V, Bolger D T, Case T J. Effects of fragmentation and invasion on native ant communities in coastal southern California[J]. Ecology, 1998, 79(6):2041-2056.
[18]	吴坚, 王常禄. 中国蚂蚁[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社,2000.
[19]	卢志兴, 李可力, 张念念, 等. 紫胶玉米混农林模式对地表蚂蚁多样性及功能群的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2016, 24(1):81-89.
[20]	Hoffmann B D, Kay A. Pisonia grandis monocultures limit the spread of an invasive ant:a case of carbohydrate quality[J]. Biological Invasions, 2009, 11(6):1403-1410.
[21]	Chao A, Gotelli N J, Hsieh T C, et al. Rarefaction and extrapolation with Hill numbers:a framework for sampling and estimation in species diversity studies[J]. Ecological Monographs, 2014, 84(1):45-67.
[22]	Clarke K R, Gorley R N. PRIMER v6 user manual and program[M]. PRIMER-E Ltd:Plymouth, UK. 2006.
[23]	陈又清, 王绍云. 蚂蚁和紫胶蚧互利关系中的行为机制[J]. 生态学杂志, 2006, 25(6):663-666.
[24]	Buckley R C, Gullan P. More aggressive ant species (Hymenoptera:Formicidae) provide better protection for soft scales and mealybugs (Homoptera:Coccidae, Pseudococcidae)[J]. Biotropica, 1991, 23(3):282-286.
[25]	Moya-Raygoza G, Nault L R. Obligatory mutualism between Dalbulus quinquenotatus (Homoptera:Ciccadellidae) and attendant ants[J]. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 2000, 93(4):929-940.
[26]	Jackson D. Competition in the tropics:ants on trees[J]. Antenna, 1984(8):19-22.
[27]	Jackson D. Ant distribution patterns in a Cameroonian cocoa plantation:investigation of the ant mosaic hypothesis[J]. Oecologia, 1984, 62(3):318-324.
[28]	Dunn R R, Agosti D, Andersen A N, et al. Climatic drivers of hemispheric asymmetry in global patterns of ant species richness[J]. Ecology Letters, 2009, 12(4):324-333.
[29]	Schilman P E, Roces F. Energetics of locomotion and load carriage in the nectar feeding ant, Camponotus rufipes[J]. Physiological Entomology, 2005, 30(4):332-337.
[30]	Chen C D, Nazni W A, Lee H L, et al. Research Note A preliminary report on ants (Hymenoptera:Formicidae) recovered from forensic entomological studies conducted in different ecological habitats in Malaysia[J]. Tropical biomedicine, 2014, 31(2):381-386.
[31]	Hoffmann B D. Responses of ant communities to experimental fire regimes on rangelands in the Victoria River District of the Northern Territory[J]. Austral Ecology, 2003, 28(2), 182-195
[32]	Wetterer J K. Worldwide spread of the wooly ant, Tetramorium lanuginosum (Hymenoptera:Formicidae)[J]. Myrmecological News, 2010, 13(2):81-88.

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Effects of Facultative Mutualism on the Diversity of Ground-dwelling Ant

1. Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China

2. Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China

Received Date: 2016-05-21

Abstract: [Objective] To understand the facultative mutualism consequence in the biodiversity conservation and its spatial and temporal characteristics. [Method] The ground-dwelling ant communities were investigated by pitfall traps in four types of site in Mojiang County, Yunnan Province in May and October, 2015. [Result] (1) Species composition and relative abundance:400 ant individuals were collected in the plot I (Fructus amomi plantation), representing 23 species; 382 ant individuals were collected in the plot II (Lac-Fructus amomi agroforestry without lac insect infestation), representing 15 species; 406 ant individuals were collected in the plot III (Lac-Fructus amomi agroforestry with lac insect infestation once), representing 18 species; 655 ant individuals were collected in the plot IV (Lac-Fructus amomi agroforestry with lac insect infestation), representing 23 species. (2) Ant diversity:there were significant differences of ground-dwelling ant species richness and relative abundance among the four sites. The richness and the relative abundance of ground-dwelling ant species increased by mutualism. The richness ranked as IV > III > II > I, and the relative abundance ranked as III > IV > II > I. (3) Community structure similarity:The ant communities of sites III and IV were dissimilar with those in sites II and I. (4) Indicator species:Tetramorium ciliatum Bolton was the indicator species of plot I, Pheidole capellini Emery and Tetramorium lanuginosum Mayr were the indicator species of plot II, Camponotus parius Emery was the indicator species of plots III and IV. [Conclusion] There were significant positive ecological consequences of facultative mutualism on ant species richness, relative abundance and community structure. Facultative mutualism had spatial and temporal effects on biodiversity conservation.

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[1]	Styrsky J D, Eubanks M D. Ecological consequences of interactions between ants and honeydew-producing insects[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B, 2007, 274(1607):151-164.
[2]	Eubanks M D. Estimates of the direct and indirect effects of red imported fire ants on biological control in field crops[J]. Biological Control, 2001, 21(1):35-43.
[3]	Mooney KA. Tritrophic effects of birds and ants on a canopy food web, tree growth, and phytochemistry[J]. Ecology, 2007, 88(8):2005-2014.
[4]	Agrawal A A, Fordyce J A. Induced indirect defence in a lycaenid-ant association:the regulation of a resource in a mutualism[J].Proceedings of the royal society of London B,2000,267(1455):1857-1861.
[5]	Herms D A, Mattson W J. The dilemma of plants:to grow or defend[J]. Quarterly review of biology, 1992, 67(3):283-335.
[6]	Wimp G M, Whitham T G. Biodiversity consequences of predation and host plant hybridization on an aphid-ant mutualism[J]. Ecology, 2001, 82(2):440-452.
[7]	Van Zandt P A, Agrawal A A. Community-wide impacts of herbivore-induced plant responses in common milkweed Asclepias syriaca[J]. Ecology, 2004, 85(9):2616-2629.
[8]	王思铭, 陈又清, 卢志兴, 等. 云南紫胶虫与粗纹举腹蚁之间的互利关系[J]. 昆虫学报, 2013. 56(3):286-292.
[9]	卢志兴, 陈又清, 张威, 等. 蚂蚁-紫胶虫兼性互利关系对蚂蚁群落多样性的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2013, 21(3):343-351,389.
[10]	卢志兴, 陈又清, 李巧, 等. 云南紫胶虫种群数量对地表蚂蚁多样性的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2012, 32(19):6195-6202.
[11]	Heil M, McKey D. Protective ant-plant interactions as model systems in ecological and evolutionary research[J]. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 2003(34):425-453.
[12]	Roth D S, Perfecto I, Rathcke B. The Effects of Management Systems on Ground-Foraging Ant Diversity in Costa Rica[M]//Ecosystem Management.New York:Springer, 1994:399-413.
[13]	Vasconcelos H L. Effects of forest disturbance on the structure of ground-foraging ant communities in central Amazonia[J]. Biodiversity and Conservation, 1999, 8(3):407-418.
[14]	Schonberg L A, Longino J T, Nadkarni N M, et al. Arboreal ant species richness in primary forest, secondary forest, and pasture habitats of a tropical montane landscape[J]. Biotropica, 2004, 36(3):402-409.
[15]	Klimes P, Idigel C, Rimandai M, et al, Novotny V. Why are there more arboreal ant species in primary than in secondary tropical forests[J] Journal of Animal Ecology, 2012, 81(5):1103-1112.
[16]	Samson D A, Rickart E A, Gonzales P C. Ant diversity and abundance along an elevational gradient in the Philippines[J]. Biotropica, 1997, 29(3):349-363.
[17]	Suarez A V, Bolger D T, Case T J. Effects of fragmentation and invasion on native ant communities in coastal southern California[J]. Ecology, 1998, 79(6):2041-2056.
[18]	吴坚, 王常禄. 中国蚂蚁[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社,2000.
[19]	卢志兴, 李可力, 张念念, 等. 紫胶玉米混农林模式对地表蚂蚁多样性及功能群的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2016, 24(1):81-89.
[20]	Hoffmann B D, Kay A. Pisonia grandis monocultures limit the spread of an invasive ant:a case of carbohydrate quality[J]. Biological Invasions, 2009, 11(6):1403-1410.
[21]	Chao A, Gotelli N J, Hsieh T C, et al. Rarefaction and extrapolation with Hill numbers:a framework for sampling and estimation in species diversity studies[J]. Ecological Monographs, 2014, 84(1):45-67.
[22]	Clarke K R, Gorley R N. PRIMER v6 user manual and program[M]. PRIMER-E Ltd:Plymouth, UK. 2006.
[23]	陈又清, 王绍云. 蚂蚁和紫胶蚧互利关系中的行为机制[J]. 生态学杂志, 2006, 25(6):663-666.
[24]	Buckley R C, Gullan P. More aggressive ant species (Hymenoptera:Formicidae) provide better protection for soft scales and mealybugs (Homoptera:Coccidae, Pseudococcidae)[J]. Biotropica, 1991, 23(3):282-286.
[25]	Moya-Raygoza G, Nault L R. Obligatory mutualism between Dalbulus quinquenotatus (Homoptera:Ciccadellidae) and attendant ants[J]. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 2000, 93(4):929-940.
[26]	Jackson D. Competition in the tropics:ants on trees[J]. Antenna, 1984(8):19-22.
[27]	Jackson D. Ant distribution patterns in a Cameroonian cocoa plantation:investigation of the ant mosaic hypothesis[J]. Oecologia, 1984, 62(3):318-324.
[28]	Dunn R R, Agosti D, Andersen A N, et al. Climatic drivers of hemispheric asymmetry in global patterns of ant species richness[J]. Ecology Letters, 2009, 12(4):324-333.
[29]	Schilman P E, Roces F. Energetics of locomotion and load carriage in the nectar feeding ant, Camponotus rufipes[J]. Physiological Entomology, 2005, 30(4):332-337.
[30]	Chen C D, Nazni W A, Lee H L, et al. Research Note A preliminary report on ants (Hymenoptera:Formicidae) recovered from forensic entomological studies conducted in different ecological habitats in Malaysia[J]. Tropical biomedicine, 2014, 31(2):381-386.
[31]	Hoffmann B D. Responses of ant communities to experimental fire regimes on rangelands in the Victoria River District of the Northern Territory[J]. Austral Ecology, 2003, 28(2), 182-195
[32]	Wetterer J K. Worldwide spread of the wooly ant, Tetramorium lanuginosum (Hymenoptera:Formicidae)[J]. Myrmecological News, 2010, 13(2):81-88.

Effects of Facultative Mutualism on the Diversity of Ground-dwelling Ant

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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Effects of Facultative Mutualism on the Diversity of Ground-dwelling Ant

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