Response of Tree Sap Flow of Larix gmelinii with Various Differentiation Classes to Multiple Environmental Factors

LIU Jia-lin; MAN Xiu-ling; HU Yue

Volume 29 Issue 5

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Response of Tree Sap Flow of Larix gmelinii with Various Differentiation Classes to Multiple Environmental Factors

1.
College of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China

Received Date: 2015-12-29

Abstract

[Objective] Selected Larix gmelinii which is the dominant and constructive species of typical boreal forest in northern Great Hinggan Mountains as a research object. Analyzing sap flow in response to multiple environmental factors and building sap flow model through various tree differentiation classes. [Methods] Using Granier's thermal dissipation probe method and gradient meteorological observation system of eddy covariance tower to continuous monitor the change of sap flow and environment factors. [Results] The results showed that:1) During the observation period, dominant trees have strong transpiration capacity. The average sap flow density of dominant trees are 1.9 times and 2.5 times comparing to intermediate trees and suppressed trees, respectively. In general, trees with the higher differentiation class have longer duration of daily sap flow, also the peak value of sap flow density appears earlier and have higher peak value. 2) eight environmental factors (precipitation, net radiation, air temperature, air relative humidity, wind speed, soil temperature, soil water content and vapor pressure deficit) could be divided into evaporative demand index (EDI), soil hydrothermal index and precipitation index by principal components analysis. The evaporative demand index (significant correlated with net radiation, air temperature, air relative humidity and vapor pressure deficit) which can explain 45% information of environmental dataset is the key factor influence the sap flow in research area. Soil hydrothermal index and precipitation index can explain 20% and 13%, respectively. 3) Sap flow density presents asymmetrical response to environmental factors through various differentiation classes, which shows a clockwise delayed time lag with EDI, anticlockwise delayed time lag with net radiation and clockwise with vapor pressure deficit, while the time lag with EDI is smallest. Various differentiation classes have the same level of time lag with EDI and vapor pressure deficit, while the time lag of the net radiations smaller in the dominant than that in the intermediate and suppressed. 4) The sap flow density and EDI present a sigmoid function model through various differentiation classes, when the sap flow reaches an asymptote where higher evaporative demand could not cause sap flow to increase further. In this model, the transition slope of the intermediate (0.457) and suppressed (0.458) are greater than the dominant (0.443), which means the dominant is less sensitive to environmental factors. This model can explain on average 90% of the simulation precision in sap flow density in the dominant, intermediate and suppressed trees, respectively. Considering time lag effect of EDI or inserting soil hydrothermal index and precipitation index cannot promote the precision of sap flow model. [Conclusions] The sap flow of Larix gmelinii has a strong response to multiple environment factors, and these relationships have differences among different tree differentiation classes. By using the sigmoid function model and multiple environment factors, the sap flow of Larix gmelinii with various differentiation classes could be estimated effectively.
- Larix gmelinii Rupr.,
- thermal dissipation probe,
- tree differentiation classes,
- sap flow,
- evaporative demand index,
- time lag

References

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Response of Tree Sap Flow of Larix gmelinii with Various Differentiation Classes to Multiple Environmental Factors

1. College of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China

Received Date: 2015-12-29

Abstract: [Objective] Selected Larix gmelinii which is the dominant and constructive species of typical boreal forest in northern Great Hinggan Mountains as a research object. Analyzing sap flow in response to multiple environmental factors and building sap flow model through various tree differentiation classes. [Methods] Using Granier's thermal dissipation probe method and gradient meteorological observation system of eddy covariance tower to continuous monitor the change of sap flow and environment factors. [Results] The results showed that:1) During the observation period, dominant trees have strong transpiration capacity. The average sap flow density of dominant trees are 1.9 times and 2.5 times comparing to intermediate trees and suppressed trees, respectively. In general, trees with the higher differentiation class have longer duration of daily sap flow, also the peak value of sap flow density appears earlier and have higher peak value. 2) eight environmental factors (precipitation, net radiation, air temperature, air relative humidity, wind speed, soil temperature, soil water content and vapor pressure deficit) could be divided into evaporative demand index (EDI), soil hydrothermal index and precipitation index by principal components analysis. The evaporative demand index (significant correlated with net radiation, air temperature, air relative humidity and vapor pressure deficit) which can explain 45% information of environmental dataset is the key factor influence the sap flow in research area. Soil hydrothermal index and precipitation index can explain 20% and 13%, respectively. 3) Sap flow density presents asymmetrical response to environmental factors through various differentiation classes, which shows a clockwise delayed time lag with EDI, anticlockwise delayed time lag with net radiation and clockwise with vapor pressure deficit, while the time lag with EDI is smallest. Various differentiation classes have the same level of time lag with EDI and vapor pressure deficit, while the time lag of the net radiations smaller in the dominant than that in the intermediate and suppressed. 4) The sap flow density and EDI present a sigmoid function model through various differentiation classes, when the sap flow reaches an asymptote where higher evaporative demand could not cause sap flow to increase further. In this model, the transition slope of the intermediate (0.457) and suppressed (0.458) are greater than the dominant (0.443), which means the dominant is less sensitive to environmental factors. This model can explain on average 90% of the simulation precision in sap flow density in the dominant, intermediate and suppressed trees, respectively. Considering time lag effect of EDI or inserting soil hydrothermal index and precipitation index cannot promote the precision of sap flow model. [Conclusions] The sap flow of Larix gmelinii has a strong response to multiple environment factors, and these relationships have differences among different tree differentiation classes. By using the sigmoid function model and multiple environment factors, the sap flow of Larix gmelinii with various differentiation classes could be estimated effectively.

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Reference (55)

[1]	Schlesinger W H, Jasechko S. Transpiration in the global water cycle[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2015, 189(6):115-117.
[2]	Meinzer F C, Goldstein G, Jackson P, et al. Control of transpiration from the upper canopy of a tropical forest:the role of stomatal, boundary layer and hydraulic architecture components[J]. Plant Cell and Environment, 1997, 20:1242-1252.
[3]	陈立欣, 李湛东, 张志强, 等. 北方四种城市树木蒸腾耗水的环境响应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2009, 20(12):2861-2870.
[4]	黄德卫, 张德强, 周国逸, 等. 鼎湖山针阔叶混交林优势种树干液流特征及其与环境因子的关系[J]. 应用生态学报, 2012, 23(05):1159-1166.
[5]	Monteith J L. A reinterpretation of stomatal responses to humidity[J]. Plant Cell and Environment, 1995, 18(4):357-364.
[6]	Whitehead D. Regulation of stomatal conductance and transpiration in forest canopies[J]. Tree Physiology, 1998, 18(8):633-644.
[7]	Granier A, Huc R, Barigah S T. Transpiration of natural rainforest and its dependence on climatic factors[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 1996, 78(1):19-29.
[8]	Burgess S. Measuring transpiration responses to summer precipitation in a Mediterranean climate:a simple screening tool for identifying plant water use strategies[J]. Physiologia Plantarum, 2006, 127(3):404-412.
[9]	Mellander P E, Bishop K, Lundmark T. The influence of soil temperature on transpiration:a plot scale manipulation in a young Scots pine stand[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2004, 195(1):15-28.
[10]	Huang Y, Zhao P, Zhang Z, et al. Transpiration of Cyclobalanopsis glauca (syn. Quercus glauca) stand measured by sap-flow method in a karst rocky terrain during dry season[J]. Ecological Research, 2009, 24(4):791-801.
[11]	Oguntunde P G. Whole-plant water use and canopy conductance of cassava under iimited available soil water and varying evaporative demand[J]. Plant and Soil, 2005, 278(2):371-383.
[12]	孙慧珍, 孙龙, 王传宽, 等. 东北东部山区主要树种树干液流研究[J]. 林业科学, 2005, 41(3):36-42.
[13]	池波, 蔡体久, 满秀玲, 等. 大兴安岭北部兴安落叶松树干液流规律及影响因子分析[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2013, 35(4):21-26.
[14]	王华, 欧阳志云, 郑华, 等. 紫玉兰树干液流对北京市综合环境变量的响应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(3):571-576.
[15]	徐世琴, 吉喜斌, 金博文. 典型固沙植物梭梭生长季蒸腾变化及其对环境因子的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(9):890-900.
[16]	O'Brien J J, Oberbauer S F, Clark D B. Whole tree xylem sap flow responses to multiple environmental variables in a wet tropical forest[J]. Plant Cell and Environment, 2004, 27(5):551-567.
[17]	李月辉, 胡远满, 常禹, 等. 大兴安岭呼中林业局森林景观格局变化及其驱动力[J]. 生态学报, 2006, 26(10):3347-3357.
[18]	段亮亮, 满秀玲, 刘玉杰, 等. 大兴安岭北部天然落叶松林土壤水分空间变异及影响因子分析[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2014, 36(4):36-41.
[19]	胡海清, 罗碧珍, 魏书精, 等. 大兴安岭5种典型林型森林生物碳储量研究[J]. 生态学报, 2015, 35(17):1-21.
[20]	赵晓焱, 王传宽, 霍宏. 兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)光合能力及相关因子的种源差异[J]. 生态学报, 2008, 28(8):3798-3807.
[21]	刘世荣, 徐德应. 气候变化对中国森林生产力的影响[J]. 林业科学研究, 1993, 6(6):425-430.
[22]	王文杰, 孙伟, 邱岭, 等. 不同时间尺度下兴安落叶松树干液流密度与环境因子的关系[J]. 林业科学, 2012, 48(1):77-85.
[23]	王慧梅, 孙伟, 祖元刚, 等. 不同环境因子对兴安落叶松树干液流的时滞效应复杂性及其综合影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(12):3109-3116.
[24]	王翠, 王传宽, 孙慧珍, 等. 移栽自不同纬度的兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii Rupr.)的树干液流特征[J]. 生态学报, 2008, 28(1):136-144.
[25]	全先奎, 王传宽. 帽儿山17个种源落叶松针叶的水分利用效率比较[J]. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(04):352-361.
[26]	刘家霖, 王传宽, 张全智. 不同分化等级兴安落叶松树干心材和边材的空间变异[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(12):114-121.
[27]	Wullschleger S D, King A W. Radial variation in sap velocity as a function of stem diameter and sapwood thickness in yellow-poplar trees[J]. Tree Physiology, 2000, 20(8):511-518.
[28]	孙龙, 王传宽, 杨国亭, 等. 应用热扩散技术对红松人工林树干液流通量的研究[J]. 林业科学, 2007, 43(11):8-14.
[29]	李振华, 王彦辉, 于澎涛, 等. 华北落叶松液流速率的优势度差异及其对林分蒸腾估计的影响[J]. 林业科学研究, 2015, 28(1):8-16.
[30]	玉宝, 乌吉斯古楞, 王百田, 等. 大兴安岭兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)天然林分级木转换特征[J]. 生态学报, 2009, 28(11):5750-5757.
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Response of Tree Sap Flow of Larix gmelinii with Various Differentiation Classes to Multiple Environmental Factors

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Response of Tree Sap Flow of Larix gmelinii with Various Differentiation Classes to Multiple Environmental Factors

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