Visual and Olfactory Responses of the Butterfly Cethosia biblis during Flower Visitation

WANG Hua; LI Cheng-zhe; CHEN Xiao-ming; YAO Jun; ZHOU Cheng-li; SHI Lei

Volume 29 Issue 5

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Visual and Olfactory Responses of the Butterfly Cethosia biblis during Flower Visitation

1.
Key laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resources Insects of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China

Received Date: 2016-03-04

Abstract

[Objective] To study the responses of Cethosia biblis to color and odor in its foraging behavior. [Method] The attractive effect of C. biblis by different colors and volatile compounds were investigated respectively.[Result] It was found that both visual and olfactory signals had effects on the foraging behavior of C. biblis. Among five colors, C. biblis showed a clear preference to white (the proportion was 56.67%), followed by yellow (20.00%) and pink (15.00%). In light trapping test, the attractiveness of different color light at night was better than those in daytime generally; and the pink light attracted the largest number of butterfly (42.22%). Olfactory signals were significantly attractive to the adults of C. biblis. The models scented with 1% methyl salicylate (35.17%) and synthetic blends (1% α-pinene+1% methyl salicylate+1% 1-octanal) (32.42%) attracted significantly more adults than the odorless ones. [Conclusion] It is concluded that, both olfactory and visual cues play important roles in food searching behavior of C. biblis, while the adults depend primarily on olfactory signal to choose appropriate food. The butterflies obviously prefer to white flower, which possibly related to strong reflection of the white flower.
- Cethosia biblis,
- visual sense,
- olfactory sense,
- foraging behavior

References

[1]	Ômura H, Honda K, Hayashi N. Chemical and chromatic bases for preferential visiting by the cabbage butterfly Pieris rapae to rape flowers[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1999, 25(8):1895-1906.
[2]	Tang Y C, Zhou C L, Chen X M, et al. Visual and olfactory responses of seven butterfly species during foraging[J]. Journal of Insect Behavior, 2013, 26(3):387-401.
[3]	Lelito J P, Fraser I, Mastro V C, et al. Visually mediated ‘paratrooper copulations’ in the mating behavior of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera:Buprestidae), a highly destructive invasive pest of North American ash trees[J]. Journal of Insect Behavior, 2007, 20(6):537-552.
[4]	Weiss M R. Innate colour preferences and flexible colour learning in the Pipevine swallowtail[J]. Animal Behaviour, 1997, 53(5):1043-1052.
[5]	Kandori I, Ohsaki N. The learning abilities of the white cabbage butterfly Pieris rapae foraging for flowers[J]. Researches on Population Ecology, 1996, 38(1):111-117.
[6]	Chowdhury S, Soren R. Light attracted butterflies:a review from the Indian sub-region with an inventory from West Bengal, India[J]. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 2011, 3(6):1868-1871.
[7]	蒋月丽, 段云, 武予清. 三种不同波长绿-黄光对甜菜夜蛾产卵生物学的影响[J]. 植物保护学报, 2008, 35(5):473-474.
[8]	陈友. 华山松木蠹象及其三种主要寄生蜂的趋光特性研究[D]. 昆明:云南大学, 2013:10.
[9]	Koshitaka H, Kinoshita M, Vorobyev M, et al. Tetrachromacy in a butterfly that has eight varieties of spectral receptors[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B:Biological Sciences, 2008, 275(1637):947-954.
[10]	Blackiston D, Briscoe A D, Weiss M R. Color vision and learning in the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus (Nymphalidae)[J]. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2011, 214(3):509-520.
[11]	Ômura H. Foraging behavior of adult butterflies and its semiochemicals as olfactory signals[J]. Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry, 2006, 23(3):134-142.
[12]	Andersson S, Dobson H E M. Behavioral foraging responses by the butterfly Heliconius melpomene to Lantana camara floral scent[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2003, 29(10):2303-2318.
[13]	Honda K, Ômura H, Hayashi N. Identification of floral volatiles from Ligustrum japonicum that stimulate flower-visiting by cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1998, 24(12):2167-2180.
[14]	陈晓鸣, 石雷, 周成理, 等. 中国观赏蝴蝶[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社, 2008:125.
[15]	周成理, 陈晓鸣, 史军义, 等. 红锯蛱蝶和白带锯蛱蝶形态特征记述及生物学初步观察[J]. 林业科学研究, 2009, 22(4):506-511.
[16]	杨萍, 邓合黎, 漆波, 等. 红锯蛱蝶Cethosia biblis (Drury)的生物学研究[J]. 西南农业大学学报:自然科学版, 2006, 28(4):549-552.
[17]	吴伟, 蔡村旺, 陈静. 红锯蛱蝶生物学特性研究[J]. 西南林学院学报, 2003, 23(4):54-57.
[18]	Müller C J, Beheregaray L B. Palaeo island-affinities revisited-Biogeography and systematics of the Indo-Pacific genus Cethosia Fabricius (Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae)[J]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2010, 57(1):314-326.
[19]	张雯雯. 蝴蝶蜜源及寄主植物挥发物成分的研究[D]. 北京:中国林业科学研究院, 2011:20-21.
[20]	Raguso R A, Pichersky E. Floral volatiles from Clarkia breweri and C. concinna (Onagraceae):Recent evolution of floral scent and moth pollination[J]. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 1995, 194(1-2):55-67.
[21]	Balkenius A, Rosén W, Kelber A. The relative importance of olfaction and vision in a diurnal and anocturnal hawkmoth[J]. Journal of Comparative Physiology, 2006, 192(4):431-437.
[22]	张红玉. 虫媒植物与传粉昆虫的协同进化(二)-虫媒花的性状对昆虫传粉的适应[J]. 四川林业科技, 2005, 26(6):22-27.
[23]	Goyret J, Markwell P M, Raguso R A. The effect of decoupling olfactory and visual stimuli on the foraging behavior of Manduca sexta[J]. Journal of Experimental Biology, 2007, 210(8):1398-1405.
[24]	Borges R M, Gowda V, Zacharias M. Butterfly pollination and high-contrast visual signals in a low-density distylous plant[J]. Oecologia, 2003, 136(4):571-573.
[25]	Kelber A, Balkenius A, Warrant E J. Colour vision in diurnal and nocturnal hawkmoths[J]. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 2003, 43(4):571-579.

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Visual and Olfactory Responses of the Butterfly Cethosia biblis during Flower Visitation

1. Key laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resources Insects of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China

Received Date: 2016-03-04

Abstract: [Objective] To study the responses of Cethosia biblis to color and odor in its foraging behavior. [Method] The attractive effect of C. biblis by different colors and volatile compounds were investigated respectively.[Result] It was found that both visual and olfactory signals had effects on the foraging behavior of C. biblis. Among five colors, C. biblis showed a clear preference to white (the proportion was 56.67%), followed by yellow (20.00%) and pink (15.00%). In light trapping test, the attractiveness of different color light at night was better than those in daytime generally; and the pink light attracted the largest number of butterfly (42.22%). Olfactory signals were significantly attractive to the adults of C. biblis. The models scented with 1% methyl salicylate (35.17%) and synthetic blends (1% α-pinene+1% methyl salicylate+1% 1-octanal) (32.42%) attracted significantly more adults than the odorless ones. [Conclusion] It is concluded that, both olfactory and visual cues play important roles in food searching behavior of C. biblis, while the adults depend primarily on olfactory signal to choose appropriate food. The butterflies obviously prefer to white flower, which possibly related to strong reflection of the white flower.

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Reference (25)

[1]	Ômura H, Honda K, Hayashi N. Chemical and chromatic bases for preferential visiting by the cabbage butterfly Pieris rapae to rape flowers[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1999, 25(8):1895-1906.
[2]	Tang Y C, Zhou C L, Chen X M, et al. Visual and olfactory responses of seven butterfly species during foraging[J]. Journal of Insect Behavior, 2013, 26(3):387-401.
[3]	Lelito J P, Fraser I, Mastro V C, et al. Visually mediated ‘paratrooper copulations’ in the mating behavior of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera:Buprestidae), a highly destructive invasive pest of North American ash trees[J]. Journal of Insect Behavior, 2007, 20(6):537-552.
[4]	Weiss M R. Innate colour preferences and flexible colour learning in the Pipevine swallowtail[J]. Animal Behaviour, 1997, 53(5):1043-1052.
[5]	Kandori I, Ohsaki N. The learning abilities of the white cabbage butterfly Pieris rapae foraging for flowers[J]. Researches on Population Ecology, 1996, 38(1):111-117.
[6]	Chowdhury S, Soren R. Light attracted butterflies:a review from the Indian sub-region with an inventory from West Bengal, India[J]. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 2011, 3(6):1868-1871.
[7]	蒋月丽, 段云, 武予清. 三种不同波长绿-黄光对甜菜夜蛾产卵生物学的影响[J]. 植物保护学报, 2008, 35(5):473-474.
[8]	陈友. 华山松木蠹象及其三种主要寄生蜂的趋光特性研究[D]. 昆明:云南大学, 2013:10.
[9]	Koshitaka H, Kinoshita M, Vorobyev M, et al. Tetrachromacy in a butterfly that has eight varieties of spectral receptors[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B:Biological Sciences, 2008, 275(1637):947-954.
[10]	Blackiston D, Briscoe A D, Weiss M R. Color vision and learning in the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus (Nymphalidae)[J]. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2011, 214(3):509-520.
[11]	Ômura H. Foraging behavior of adult butterflies and its semiochemicals as olfactory signals[J]. Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry, 2006, 23(3):134-142.
[12]	Andersson S, Dobson H E M. Behavioral foraging responses by the butterfly Heliconius melpomene to Lantana camara floral scent[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2003, 29(10):2303-2318.
[13]	Honda K, Ômura H, Hayashi N. Identification of floral volatiles from Ligustrum japonicum that stimulate flower-visiting by cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1998, 24(12):2167-2180.
[14]	陈晓鸣, 石雷, 周成理, 等. 中国观赏蝴蝶[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社, 2008:125.
[15]	周成理, 陈晓鸣, 史军义, 等. 红锯蛱蝶和白带锯蛱蝶形态特征记述及生物学初步观察[J]. 林业科学研究, 2009, 22(4):506-511.
[16]	杨萍, 邓合黎, 漆波, 等. 红锯蛱蝶Cethosia biblis (Drury)的生物学研究[J]. 西南农业大学学报:自然科学版, 2006, 28(4):549-552.
[17]	吴伟, 蔡村旺, 陈静. 红锯蛱蝶生物学特性研究[J]. 西南林学院学报, 2003, 23(4):54-57.
[18]	Müller C J, Beheregaray L B. Palaeo island-affinities revisited-Biogeography and systematics of the Indo-Pacific genus Cethosia Fabricius (Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae)[J]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2010, 57(1):314-326.
[19]	张雯雯. 蝴蝶蜜源及寄主植物挥发物成分的研究[D]. 北京:中国林业科学研究院, 2011:20-21.
[20]	Raguso R A, Pichersky E. Floral volatiles from Clarkia breweri and C. concinna (Onagraceae):Recent evolution of floral scent and moth pollination[J]. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 1995, 194(1-2):55-67.
[21]	Balkenius A, Rosén W, Kelber A. The relative importance of olfaction and vision in a diurnal and anocturnal hawkmoth[J]. Journal of Comparative Physiology, 2006, 192(4):431-437.
[22]	张红玉. 虫媒植物与传粉昆虫的协同进化(二)-虫媒花的性状对昆虫传粉的适应[J]. 四川林业科技, 2005, 26(6):22-27.
[23]	Goyret J, Markwell P M, Raguso R A. The effect of decoupling olfactory and visual stimuli on the foraging behavior of Manduca sexta[J]. Journal of Experimental Biology, 2007, 210(8):1398-1405.
[24]	Borges R M, Gowda V, Zacharias M. Butterfly pollination and high-contrast visual signals in a low-density distylous plant[J]. Oecologia, 2003, 136(4):571-573.
[25]	Kelber A, Balkenius A, Warrant E J. Colour vision in diurnal and nocturnal hawkmoths[J]. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 2003, 43(4):571-579.

Visual and Olfactory Responses of the Butterfly Cethosia biblis during Flower Visitation

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Visual and Olfactory Responses of the Butterfly Cethosia biblis during Flower Visitation

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