An Algorithm of Stem Surface Reconstruction Based on Cylindrical Projection

YOU Lei; TANG Shou-zheng; SONG Xin-yu

Volume 29 Issue 6

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An Algorithm of Stem Surface Reconstruction Based on Cylindrical Projection

1.
Research Institute of Forest Resources and Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
2.
College of Computer and Information Technology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, He'nan, China
3.
College of Mathematics and Information Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, He'nan, China

Received Date: 2016-04-10

Abstract

[Objective] To reconstruct the tree stem surface model. [Methods] A three-dimensional stem surface reconstruction algorithm based on cylindrical projection was presented. A number of consecutive slices were viewed as the reconstruction units. A cylinder was constructed by the centroid and diameter of the reconstruction unit. The stem points of reconstruction unit were transformed into cylindrical points, and then the cylindrical points were unfolded extendedly to planar points. The surface of reconstruction unit was reconstructed according to the connection among points in Delaunay triangulation created from planar point. The whole stem surface was obtained by connecting reconstructed surface of adjacent reconstruction unit. [Results] The experiment based on the stem point set of the barks of three tree species with different roughness showed that the reconstructed surface by proposed algorithm can showed information labeled in field work clearly and can exhibit the roughness characteristic of stem bark. By comparing with other three surface reconstruction algorithms, the proposed algorithm showed better visualization effect. Through quantitative analysis of diameter extracting from reconstructed surface, and comparing with the diameter by tape diameter in field work, the RMSE value of diameter extracting surface reconstructed by proposed algorithm was 0.14 cm and the surface reconstructed by proposed algorithm was more accurate than the algorithm of tangent based. [Conclusion] The present method is a simple, efficient and accurate one for stem surface reconstruction without calculating the normal vector and needs fewer surface triangles. It can effectively exhibit the surface features of the stem. The proposed algorithm was suitable for surface reconstruction, exact visualization of the stem and extracting stem parameters in an exact way.
- stem,
- tree model,
- Delaunay triangulation,
- surface reconstruction,
- cylindrical surface

References

[1]	黄洪宇, 陈崇成, 邹杰, 等. 基于地面激光雷达点云数据的单木三维建模综述[J]. 林业科学, 2013,49(4):123-130.
[2]	Ben Gorte, Norbert Pfeifer. Structuring laser-scanned trees using 3D mathematical morphology[J]. International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2004, 35(B5):929-933.
[3]	Norbert Pfeifer, Ben Gorte, Daniel Winterhalder, Automatic reconstruction of single trees from terrestrial laser scanner data. In Proceedings of 20th ISPRS Congress, 2004, 114-119.
[4]	Jan Hackenberg, Heinrich Spiecker, Kim Calders, et al. SimpleTree—An Efficient Open Source Tool to Build Tree Models from TLS Clouds[J]. Forests, 2015,6(11):4245.
[5]	Zhanglin Cheng, Xiaopeng Zhang, Thierry Fourcaud, Tree skeleton extraction from a single range image. In Plant Growth Modeling and Applications, 2006. PMA'06. Second International Symposium on IEEE, Beijing, 2006,274-281.
[6]	Hui Xu, Nathan Gossett, Baoquan Chen. Knowledge and heuristic-based modeling of laser-scanned trees[J]. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), 2007,26(4):19.
[7]	王晓辉, 黄洪宇, 陈崇成, 等. 基于激光点云的树木三维几何建模系统的设计与实现[J]. 福州大学学报:自然科学版, 2014,42(5):705-712.
[8]	Peethambaran J, Muthuganapathy R. Reconstruction of water-tight surfaces through Delaunay sculpting[M]. Computer-aided Design, 2015,58: 62-72.
[9]	高士增, 张怀清, 刘闽, 等. 树木枝干 Delaunay 三角网格构建技术[J]. 西南林业大学学报, 2013,33(3):62-68.
[10]	唐艺. 基于三维激光扫描技术的活立木材积测量方法. 北京:北京林业大学, 2012.
[11]	金涛, 陈建良. 逆向工程技术研究进展[J]. 中国机械工程, 2002,13(16):1430-1436.
[12]	伍龙华, 黄惠. 点云驱动的计算机图形学综述[J]. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2015, 27(8): 1341-1353.
[13]	Hugues Hoppe, Tony DeRose, Tom Duchamp, et al.. Surface reconstruction from unorganized points[M]. ACM. 1992.
[14]	Jonathan C Carr, Richard K Beatson, Jon B Cherrie, et al. Reconstruction and representation of 3D objects with radial basis functions. In Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on computer graphics and interactive techniques ACM, 2001, 67-76.
[15]	Michael Kazhdan, Matthew Bolitho, Hugues Hoppe, Poisson surface reconstruction. In Proceedings of the fourth Eurographics symposium on Geometry processing. 2006.
[16]	Gopi M, Shankar Krishnan, Cláudio T Silva, Surface reconstruction based on lower dimensional localized Delaunay triangulation. In Computer Graphics Forum Wiley Online Library, 2000,467-478.
[17]	Mark De Berg, Marc Van Kreveld, Mark Overmars, et al., Computational geometry[M]. Springer, 2000.
[18]	尤磊,唐守正, 宋新宇. 以优先点为中心的Delaunay三角网生长算法[J]. 中国图象图形学报, 2016,26(1):60-68.
[19]	Radu Bogdan Rusu, Steve Cousins,. 3d is here: Point cloud library(pcl). In Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2011 IEEE International Conference on IEEE, 2011,1-4.
[20]	Nina Amenta, Sunghee Choi, Ravi Krishna Kolluri, The power crust. In Proceedings of the sixth ACM symposium on Solid modeling and applications ACM, 2001,249-266.

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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An Algorithm of Stem Surface Reconstruction Based on Cylindrical Projection

1. Research Institute of Forest Resources and Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China

2. College of Computer and Information Technology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, He'nan, China

3. College of Mathematics and Information Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, He'nan, China

Received Date: 2016-04-10

Abstract: [Objective] To reconstruct the tree stem surface model. [Methods] A three-dimensional stem surface reconstruction algorithm based on cylindrical projection was presented. A number of consecutive slices were viewed as the reconstruction units. A cylinder was constructed by the centroid and diameter of the reconstruction unit. The stem points of reconstruction unit were transformed into cylindrical points, and then the cylindrical points were unfolded extendedly to planar points. The surface of reconstruction unit was reconstructed according to the connection among points in Delaunay triangulation created from planar point. The whole stem surface was obtained by connecting reconstructed surface of adjacent reconstruction unit. [Results] The experiment based on the stem point set of the barks of three tree species with different roughness showed that the reconstructed surface by proposed algorithm can showed information labeled in field work clearly and can exhibit the roughness characteristic of stem bark. By comparing with other three surface reconstruction algorithms, the proposed algorithm showed better visualization effect. Through quantitative analysis of diameter extracting from reconstructed surface, and comparing with the diameter by tape diameter in field work, the RMSE value of diameter extracting surface reconstructed by proposed algorithm was 0.14 cm and the surface reconstructed by proposed algorithm was more accurate than the algorithm of tangent based. [Conclusion] The present method is a simple, efficient and accurate one for stem surface reconstruction without calculating the normal vector and needs fewer surface triangles. It can effectively exhibit the surface features of the stem. The proposed algorithm was suitable for surface reconstruction, exact visualization of the stem and extracting stem parameters in an exact way.

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[1]	黄洪宇, 陈崇成, 邹杰, 等. 基于地面激光雷达点云数据的单木三维建模综述[J]. 林业科学, 2013,49(4):123-130.
[2]	Ben Gorte, Norbert Pfeifer. Structuring laser-scanned trees using 3D mathematical morphology[J]. International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2004, 35(B5):929-933.
[3]	Norbert Pfeifer, Ben Gorte, Daniel Winterhalder, Automatic reconstruction of single trees from terrestrial laser scanner data. In Proceedings of 20th ISPRS Congress, 2004, 114-119.
[4]	Jan Hackenberg, Heinrich Spiecker, Kim Calders, et al. SimpleTree—An Efficient Open Source Tool to Build Tree Models from TLS Clouds[J]. Forests, 2015,6(11):4245.
[5]	Zhanglin Cheng, Xiaopeng Zhang, Thierry Fourcaud, Tree skeleton extraction from a single range image. In Plant Growth Modeling and Applications, 2006. PMA'06. Second International Symposium on IEEE, Beijing, 2006,274-281.
[6]	Hui Xu, Nathan Gossett, Baoquan Chen. Knowledge and heuristic-based modeling of laser-scanned trees[J]. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), 2007,26(4):19.
[7]	王晓辉, 黄洪宇, 陈崇成, 等. 基于激光点云的树木三维几何建模系统的设计与实现[J]. 福州大学学报:自然科学版, 2014,42(5):705-712.
[8]	Peethambaran J, Muthuganapathy R. Reconstruction of water-tight surfaces through Delaunay sculpting[M]. Computer-aided Design, 2015,58: 62-72.
[9]	高士增, 张怀清, 刘闽, 等. 树木枝干 Delaunay 三角网格构建技术[J]. 西南林业大学学报, 2013,33(3):62-68.
[10]	唐艺. 基于三维激光扫描技术的活立木材积测量方法. 北京:北京林业大学, 2012.
[11]	金涛, 陈建良. 逆向工程技术研究进展[J]. 中国机械工程, 2002,13(16):1430-1436.
[12]	伍龙华, 黄惠. 点云驱动的计算机图形学综述[J]. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2015, 27(8): 1341-1353.
[13]	Hugues Hoppe, Tony DeRose, Tom Duchamp, et al.. Surface reconstruction from unorganized points[M]. ACM. 1992.
[14]	Jonathan C Carr, Richard K Beatson, Jon B Cherrie, et al. Reconstruction and representation of 3D objects with radial basis functions. In Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on computer graphics and interactive techniques ACM, 2001, 67-76.
[15]	Michael Kazhdan, Matthew Bolitho, Hugues Hoppe, Poisson surface reconstruction. In Proceedings of the fourth Eurographics symposium on Geometry processing. 2006.
[16]	Gopi M, Shankar Krishnan, Cláudio T Silva, Surface reconstruction based on lower dimensional localized Delaunay triangulation. In Computer Graphics Forum Wiley Online Library, 2000,467-478.
[17]	Mark De Berg, Marc Van Kreveld, Mark Overmars, et al., Computational geometry[M]. Springer, 2000.
[18]	尤磊,唐守正, 宋新宇. 以优先点为中心的Delaunay三角网生长算法[J]. 中国图象图形学报, 2016,26(1):60-68.
[19]	Radu Bogdan Rusu, Steve Cousins,. 3d is here: Point cloud library(pcl). In Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2011 IEEE International Conference on IEEE, 2011,1-4.
[20]	Nina Amenta, Sunghee Choi, Ravi Krishna Kolluri, The power crust. In Proceedings of the sixth ACM symposium on Solid modeling and applications ACM, 2001,249-266.

An Algorithm of Stem Surface Reconstruction Based on Cylindrical Projection

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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An Algorithm of Stem Surface Reconstruction Based on Cylindrical Projection

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