2004 Vol. 17, No. 4
Display Method:
2004, 17(4): 400-404.
[Abstract]
[PDF 227KB]
Abstract:
In areas where Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) were a serious pest to host trees, the spatial pattern of the pest’s egg cluster and the larva-web were studied in forest land and on shelter-wood trees. It was revealed that the spatial pattern of the egg clusters and larva-webs of the fall webworm belonged to Negative Binomial Distribution, which was also a kind of Aggregated Distribution. Meanwhile, Aggregated Degree Index of egg clusters and larva-webs were also studied and the results showed that the spatial patterns of fall webworm were Aggregated Distribution. Based on these studies,the theoretical sampling numbers of different density of egg clusters and larva-webs in two different kinds of forest stands were calculated too, and that will give a approximately quantity information of the fall webworm for the decision of releasing number of insect natural enemies.
In areas where Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) were a serious pest to host trees, the spatial pattern of the pest’s egg cluster and the larva-web were studied in forest land and on shelter-wood trees. It was revealed that the spatial pattern of the egg clusters and larva-webs of the fall webworm belonged to Negative Binomial Distribution, which was also a kind of Aggregated Distribution. Meanwhile, Aggregated Degree Index of egg clusters and larva-webs were also studied and the results showed that the spatial patterns of fall webworm were Aggregated Distribution. Based on these studies,the theoretical sampling numbers of different density of egg clusters and larva-webs in two different kinds of forest stands were calculated too, and that will give a approximately quantity information of the fall webworm for the decision of releasing number of insect natural enemies.
2004, 17(4): 404-412.
Abstract:
Impacts of 6 environmental factors (light condition,direct sunlight,thickness of soil humus,neighboring trees,upper canopy species,herbs and shrubs) on growth of young trees of Pinus koraiensis were investigated on young trees of P.koraiensis and 4 closest neighboring trees which were considered the structural unit of the individual growth environment.Influence of 3 factors of light condition,thickness of soil humus and neighboring trees were introduced in this paper.Results indicated that: (1) The parameter of Opening degree (K)of neighboring trees could be used to indicate the special requirement for light environment by the young individual trees of P.koraiensis.Along with the growth of neighboring trees,Opening degree of them to the young individual trees of P.koraiensis would decrease.(2)The thickness of soil humus (more than 20 cm) was favored the growth of young trees of P.koraiensis.(3)Mingling (M) and Neighborhood pattern(W) could be used to respectively reflect changes of neighboring trees and relative position to the young trees of P.koraiensis.When M=0.5 (medium mixture),W=0.5 (random),i.e.the associated trees were P.koraiensis and the neighboring trees were stochastic distribution,it was favor the growth of P.koraiensis.
Impacts of 6 environmental factors (light condition,direct sunlight,thickness of soil humus,neighboring trees,upper canopy species,herbs and shrubs) on growth of young trees of Pinus koraiensis were investigated on young trees of P.koraiensis and 4 closest neighboring trees which were considered the structural unit of the individual growth environment.Influence of 3 factors of light condition,thickness of soil humus and neighboring trees were introduced in this paper.Results indicated that: (1) The parameter of Opening degree (K)of neighboring trees could be used to indicate the special requirement for light environment by the young individual trees of P.koraiensis.Along with the growth of neighboring trees,Opening degree of them to the young individual trees of P.koraiensis would decrease.(2)The thickness of soil humus (more than 20 cm) was favored the growth of young trees of P.koraiensis.(3)Mingling (M) and Neighborhood pattern(W) could be used to respectively reflect changes of neighboring trees and relative position to the young trees of P.koraiensis.When M=0.5 (medium mixture),W=0.5 (random),i.e.the associated trees were P.koraiensis and the neighboring trees were stochastic distribution,it was favor the growth of P.koraiensis.
2004, 17(4): 404-411.
Abstract:
This paper presented a general situation of Russian forestry.It also elaborated forest managment and protection,urban forest construction and the closest relationship between forestry research and its practice.The authors discussed the apocalypses to China from the experience of Russian forest management,protection and urban forestry.
This paper presented a general situation of Russian forestry.It also elaborated forest managment and protection,urban forest construction and the closest relationship between forestry research and its practice.The authors discussed the apocalypses to China from the experience of Russian forest management,protection and urban forestry.
2004, 17(4): 412-418.
Abstract:
The background and history of Returning Farmland to Forestry or Pasture (RFFP) both in China and foreign countries were studied. The advances in the research on thoughts and strategies, hill-closure for forestry, models and technologies, management circumstance in RFFP were carried out. Based on the experiments in over 20 stations and on-the-spot observation, the strategy that took hill-closure for forestry firstly and the artificial methods secondly was put forward as the general approaches for China’s RFFP.
The background and history of Returning Farmland to Forestry or Pasture (RFFP) both in China and foreign countries were studied. The advances in the research on thoughts and strategies, hill-closure for forestry, models and technologies, management circumstance in RFFP were carried out. Based on the experiments in over 20 stations and on-the-spot observation, the strategy that took hill-closure for forestry firstly and the artificial methods secondly was put forward as the general approaches for China’s RFFP.
2004, 17(4): 413-419.
Abstract:
The Growth Model System was developed for data updating and forecasting of the National Continuous Forest Inventory.It was designed based on the inherent forest growth laws and its parameters were estimated by the modern regression methods.It was composed of the age-implicit tree model,the diameter related survival rate model,the age and number of plots based ingrowth model,and the area model.It was suitable for forest resources updating and forecasting for a large regio,for example,a province,Data of remeasured plots and trees were needed for the system development.A study case of Jiangxi Province with detailed error analyses was given.
The Growth Model System was developed for data updating and forecasting of the National Continuous Forest Inventory.It was designed based on the inherent forest growth laws and its parameters were estimated by the modern regression methods.It was composed of the age-implicit tree model,the diameter related survival rate model,the age and number of plots based ingrowth model,and the area model.It was suitable for forest resources updating and forecasting for a large regio,for example,a province,Data of remeasured plots and trees were needed for the system development.A study case of Jiangxi Province with detailed error analyses was given.
2004, 17(4): 419-424.
Abstract:
The silvopastoral system is an important type of the ayroforestry system.Reviewing on the concept, type of the silvopastoral system, this paper evaluated the progress of research on ecological effects, productivity, nutrient cycle, water relationship and economic benefits in the silvopastoral system, and showed that the further research emphases on silvopatoral systems are material cycle and recovery, nutrient and water competition and the condtruction of their optimal models.
The silvopastoral system is an important type of the ayroforestry system.Reviewing on the concept, type of the silvopastoral system, this paper evaluated the progress of research on ecological effects, productivity, nutrient cycle, water relationship and economic benefits in the silvopastoral system, and showed that the further research emphases on silvopatoral systems are material cycle and recovery, nutrient and water competition and the condtruction of their optimal models.
2004, 17(4): 420-426.
Abstract:
Selective cutting trial was conducted on some types of secondary masson pine forest in Qiandao Lake National Forest Park to accelerate growth of underground broaded-leaved species, improve rapidly community structure and ecological function, and lessen threat of Buesaphelenchus xylophilus.The results showed that growth of zonal evergreen broad-leaved species under canopy such as Castanopsis sclerophylla, Cyclobalannopsis glauca and Lithocarpus glaber increased greatly after six years through selective cutting of secondary masson pine forest with 40%～50% intensity.Its forest form was rapidly restored and a new forest landscape generated.After closed hillside, pure masson pine forest was restored as needle and broad-leaved mixed forest dominated by broaded-leaved species. The important value of Castanopsis sclerophylla and Lithocarpus glaber exceeded 20%,and its forest density was 250 trees per hectare. Needle and broad-leaved mixed forest dominated by masson pine developed rapidly toward succession of evergreen broad-leaved forest. The important value and forest density of Castanopsis sclerophylla in tree layer doubled.Analysis suggested that rational selective cutting was a simple and effective method for forest form improvement of secondary masson pine forest,which not only improved its ecological function,but also increased intermediate income.
Selective cutting trial was conducted on some types of secondary masson pine forest in Qiandao Lake National Forest Park to accelerate growth of underground broaded-leaved species, improve rapidly community structure and ecological function, and lessen threat of Buesaphelenchus xylophilus.The results showed that growth of zonal evergreen broad-leaved species under canopy such as Castanopsis sclerophylla, Cyclobalannopsis glauca and Lithocarpus glaber increased greatly after six years through selective cutting of secondary masson pine forest with 40%～50% intensity.Its forest form was rapidly restored and a new forest landscape generated.After closed hillside, pure masson pine forest was restored as needle and broad-leaved mixed forest dominated by broaded-leaved species. The important value of Castanopsis sclerophylla and Lithocarpus glaber exceeded 20%,and its forest density was 250 trees per hectare. Needle and broad-leaved mixed forest dominated by masson pine developed rapidly toward succession of evergreen broad-leaved forest. The important value and forest density of Castanopsis sclerophylla in tree layer doubled.Analysis suggested that rational selective cutting was a simple and effective method for forest form improvement of secondary masson pine forest,which not only improved its ecological function,but also increased intermediate income.
2004, 17(4): 424-432.
Abstract:
As a steady increase in the proportion of genetically improved materials planted in industrial timber forest and the resulting stands mature, it became great important to model the development of these stands to reflect the genetic gains of genetic improved material itself so that accurate yield forecasted and sound management decisions could be made, as well as another way for typical selection and genetic gains projection was provided. This study overviewed the difination, classification and trends of growth and yield model of stands, summaried the state-art, data source and methods of growth and yield model for genetically improved stands at home and abroad. An outook of its development was discussed.
As a steady increase in the proportion of genetically improved materials planted in industrial timber forest and the resulting stands mature, it became great important to model the development of these stands to reflect the genetic gains of genetic improved material itself so that accurate yield forecasted and sound management decisions could be made, as well as another way for typical selection and genetic gains projection was provided. This study overviewed the difination, classification and trends of growth and yield model of stands, summaried the state-art, data source and methods of growth and yield model for genetically improved stands at home and abroad. An outook of its development was discussed.
2004, 17(4): 427-433.
Abstract:
Taking the soil surface temperature and reflectance into account,NOAA/AVHRR data were fitted with the soil temperature based on different period,soil depth,land cover types,methods and regression functions.The results showed that the method built by the product of reflectance of channel 1 and brightness temperature of channel 4 of single phase NOAA/AVHRR was better than that of other methods.Its linear function was the best function fitted.It was replaceable for the models with different periods at the same soil depth.The method had passed the significant level of F0.01 and in general its relative error was less than 20% on the whole.This method also solved the disadvantages of traditional methods that couldn’t monitor soil moisture continuously and could only monitor at small scale.Furthermore,the data could be acquired easily,and the method was suited to monitor soil moisture at large scale with any level of vegetation cover.
Taking the soil surface temperature and reflectance into account,NOAA/AVHRR data were fitted with the soil temperature based on different period,soil depth,land cover types,methods and regression functions.The results showed that the method built by the product of reflectance of channel 1 and brightness temperature of channel 4 of single phase NOAA/AVHRR was better than that of other methods.Its linear function was the best function fitted.It was replaceable for the models with different periods at the same soil depth.The method had passed the significant level of F0.01 and in general its relative error was less than 20% on the whole.This method also solved the disadvantages of traditional methods that couldn’t monitor soil moisture continuously and could only monitor at small scale.Furthermore,the data could be acquired easily,and the method was suited to monitor soil moisture at large scale with any level of vegetation cover.
2004, 17(4): 433-440.
Abstract:
The research on the bamboo forest under ground rhizome-root system was reviewed.The review was on the following topics:the structure of amount and age of rhizome-root and its dimensional distribution,the research on growth pattern of bamboo forest rhizome-root system and the impacts of cultural practices on its growth,the research on the anatomical structure of bamboo rhizome and bamboo root,the research on the biomass,energy and the substance circle of the bamboo forest rhizome-root system,the research on the absorbency of bamboo root system,nitrogen fixation around bamboo rhizosphere,endogenic secretion and biological enzyme.The features of research on bamboo forest under ground rhizome-root system were given and the direction was suggested in which the research should follow in the future.
The research on the bamboo forest under ground rhizome-root system was reviewed.The review was on the following topics:the structure of amount and age of rhizome-root and its dimensional distribution,the research on growth pattern of bamboo forest rhizome-root system and the impacts of cultural practices on its growth,the research on the anatomical structure of bamboo rhizome and bamboo root,the research on the biomass,energy and the substance circle of the bamboo forest rhizome-root system,the research on the absorbency of bamboo root system,nitrogen fixation around bamboo rhizosphere,endogenic secretion and biological enzyme.The features of research on bamboo forest under ground rhizome-root system were given and the direction was suggested in which the research should follow in the future.
2004, 17(4): 434-440.
Abstract:
Experiment on cuttage seedling-raising of Pinus massoniana and it’s afforestation which was established in Shaowu,Fujian was made from 1994 to 2001.The study indicated that the optimum period for beheading cuttage seedlings in orchard was July 25 to Aug.10, the optimum height of cuttage seedlings to be beheaded to was 8 cm, and the orchard had a production capacity of 6 million standard cuttage seedlings per hectare.The cuttage seedlings were planted in sandy bed from Dec.15 to Jan.15 and then transplanted to the orchard from March 20 to April 10. Cuttage seedlings averaged 22.6 cm in height and 0.44 cm in ground diameter and could be used for afforestation at the same year. The 5-year-old young stand growing out of those cuttage seedlings was superior to CK(field seedlings) in growth volume and biomass and about the same in the tendency of the main growth indexes differentiation-that was, cuttage seedlingscontainerized seedlingsfield seedlings.Therefore,cuttage seedlings were capable of being applied in commercial afforestation.
Experiment on cuttage seedling-raising of Pinus massoniana and it’s afforestation which was established in Shaowu,Fujian was made from 1994 to 2001.The study indicated that the optimum period for beheading cuttage seedlings in orchard was July 25 to Aug.10, the optimum height of cuttage seedlings to be beheaded to was 8 cm, and the orchard had a production capacity of 6 million standard cuttage seedlings per hectare.The cuttage seedlings were planted in sandy bed from Dec.15 to Jan.15 and then transplanted to the orchard from March 20 to April 10. Cuttage seedlings averaged 22.6 cm in height and 0.44 cm in ground diameter and could be used for afforestation at the same year. The 5-year-old young stand growing out of those cuttage seedlings was superior to CK(field seedlings) in growth volume and biomass and about the same in the tendency of the main growth indexes differentiation-that was, cuttage seedlingscontainerized seedlingsfield seedlings.Therefore,cuttage seedlings were capable of being applied in commercial afforestation.
2004, 17(4): 441-446.
Abstract:
Eucalyptus Seedlings inoculated with AM fungi could increase resistance against Pseudomonas solanacearum.While treating with AM fungi,Eucalyptus Seedlings could not occur of little occur in wilt disease damage.The results,injected Pseudomonas solanacearum bacteria for a series of Eucalyptus seedlings,showed that disease percentage of inoculated seedlings decreased by 10.0%～40.0%,and seedling increased by 12%～39% in height growth.AM fungus effectiveness was better than that of ECT mycorrhizal fungi,the isolate AM6008 and AM9004 were better fungi to resist the wilt bacteria,followed by AM3006.Field trial results indicated that mycorrhizal seedlings could improve resistance against the bacteria,and the disease percentage decreased by 10.0%～17.5%,although environmental factors were more different.
Eucalyptus Seedlings inoculated with AM fungi could increase resistance against Pseudomonas solanacearum.While treating with AM fungi,Eucalyptus Seedlings could not occur of little occur in wilt disease damage.The results,injected Pseudomonas solanacearum bacteria for a series of Eucalyptus seedlings,showed that disease percentage of inoculated seedlings decreased by 10.0%～40.0%,and seedling increased by 12%～39% in height growth.AM fungus effectiveness was better than that of ECT mycorrhizal fungi,the isolate AM6008 and AM9004 were better fungi to resist the wilt bacteria,followed by AM3006.Field trial results indicated that mycorrhizal seedlings could improve resistance against the bacteria,and the disease percentage decreased by 10.0%～17.5%,although environmental factors were more different.
2004, 17(4): 441-446.
Abstract:
By comparison the soil physical and chemical characteristics and heavy metal content of 6 forest rehabilitation sites in Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, were studied and analyzed. The results showed that the soil bulk density was heavy in all the 6 sites. The soil structure and holding water-fertility capability was the best in Jun’an followed by Longjiang and Daliang was the worst. The soil organic matter, total N, cation exchange capacity, base cation concentration and pH value showed a tendency to reduce with the different ways of silviculture from no rehabilitation to rehabilitate completely. The soil nutrient elements were losed slowly in forest rehabilitation prophase. In all sites, the soil cadmium(Cd) and plumbum(Pb) contents overstepped third scope of environmental quality standard for soils (GB 15618-1995) and nature background value respectively, reached heavier pollution and lightly pollution. The environment loading capacity of soil for heavy metals did not show the obvious correlation with the silviculture methods. In the initial stages of forest rehabilitation, the soil environment qualities were not diverged from that of before rehabilitation. Planting native broadleaf tree species had great significance to protect forest soil from heavy metal pollution and raise environment capacity.
By comparison the soil physical and chemical characteristics and heavy metal content of 6 forest rehabilitation sites in Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, were studied and analyzed. The results showed that the soil bulk density was heavy in all the 6 sites. The soil structure and holding water-fertility capability was the best in Jun’an followed by Longjiang and Daliang was the worst. The soil organic matter, total N, cation exchange capacity, base cation concentration and pH value showed a tendency to reduce with the different ways of silviculture from no rehabilitation to rehabilitate completely. The soil nutrient elements were losed slowly in forest rehabilitation prophase. In all sites, the soil cadmium(Cd) and plumbum(Pb) contents overstepped third scope of environmental quality standard for soils (GB 15618-1995) and nature background value respectively, reached heavier pollution and lightly pollution. The environment loading capacity of soil for heavy metals did not show the obvious correlation with the silviculture methods. In the initial stages of forest rehabilitation, the soil environment qualities were not diverged from that of before rehabilitation. Planting native broadleaf tree species had great significance to protect forest soil from heavy metal pollution and raise environment capacity.
2004, 17(4): 447-452.
Abstract:
The root of Chinese stellera (Stellera chamaejasme) was a traditional Chinese medicine, which was a toxic plant grown widely in north of China. Since the medium of 1980s, researchers emphasized Chinese stellera as a kind of resource of plant pesticides. The result of bioassay illustrated that the different extracts from root of Chinese stellera possess certain biological activity. 99% larvae of Lymantria dispar refused to feed on the leaves immersed by water extract and SCEE of the root, which caused the 100% larvae death correctively. In the experiment of evaluating toxicity, the larva had 100% corrective mortality after dealing with the extracts 5 d later. The antifeeding effects rates reached 92.39% when the larva of Dendrolimus tabulaeformis was fed on the extract of SCEE with different organic solvents, meanwhile the corrective mortality reached at 100% after 7 d. The different extracts by different organic agents could restrain the growth of Botryosphaeria dothidea in artificial medium, but had no obvious effects on the growth of Fusaruum oxysporum.
The root of Chinese stellera (Stellera chamaejasme) was a traditional Chinese medicine, which was a toxic plant grown widely in north of China. Since the medium of 1980s, researchers emphasized Chinese stellera as a kind of resource of plant pesticides. The result of bioassay illustrated that the different extracts from root of Chinese stellera possess certain biological activity. 99% larvae of Lymantria dispar refused to feed on the leaves immersed by water extract and SCEE of the root, which caused the 100% larvae death correctively. In the experiment of evaluating toxicity, the larva had 100% corrective mortality after dealing with the extracts 5 d later. The antifeeding effects rates reached 92.39% when the larva of Dendrolimus tabulaeformis was fed on the extract of SCEE with different organic solvents, meanwhile the corrective mortality reached at 100% after 7 d. The different extracts by different organic agents could restrain the growth of Botryosphaeria dothidea in artificial medium, but had no obvious effects on the growth of Fusaruum oxysporum.
2004, 17(4): 453-460.
Abstract:
Based on stationary observation and chemical analysis in the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem at Daling Mountain in Daliang town of Shunde from 2002 to 2003, the hydrochemical cycles in the ecosystem was studied combined with their hydrologic process. The distribution of rainfall was 1 628.9 mm. The amount of rainfall from May to Sep. represented as about 82.4% of total precipitation.The amount of throughfall took 85.01%,the amount of stemflow took 3.17%,and 11.82% of annual rainfall was intercepted by the forest canopy.The average of pH of rainfall was 5.27 and the frequency of acid rain was 67.8% in industrial estate of Daling town.The average of pH of rainfall was respectively 5.84 and 5.72 and the frequency of acid rain was 27.1% in residential area of Daliang town and Longjiang town. The average of pH of rainfall was 6.31 and the frequency of acid rain was 6.5% in forest.By analyzing the water quality and the throughfall,it showed that the content of most ions in throughfall increased, the concentrations of TPKZnPb in throughfall were higher than that of those in rainfall by 4 times1 times2 times7 times1 times respectively,and the concentrations of AlCaCu were less than that of those by 89.8%40.7%30.5% respectively.
Based on stationary observation and chemical analysis in the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem at Daling Mountain in Daliang town of Shunde from 2002 to 2003, the hydrochemical cycles in the ecosystem was studied combined with their hydrologic process. The distribution of rainfall was 1 628.9 mm. The amount of rainfall from May to Sep. represented as about 82.4% of total precipitation.The amount of throughfall took 85.01%,the amount of stemflow took 3.17%,and 11.82% of annual rainfall was intercepted by the forest canopy.The average of pH of rainfall was 5.27 and the frequency of acid rain was 67.8% in industrial estate of Daling town.The average of pH of rainfall was respectively 5.84 and 5.72 and the frequency of acid rain was 27.1% in residential area of Daliang town and Longjiang town. The average of pH of rainfall was 6.31 and the frequency of acid rain was 6.5% in forest.By analyzing the water quality and the throughfall,it showed that the content of most ions in throughfall increased, the concentrations of TPKZnPb in throughfall were higher than that of those in rainfall by 4 times1 times2 times7 times1 times respectively,and the concentrations of AlCaCu were less than that of those by 89.8%40.7%30.5% respectively.
2004, 17(4): 461-464.
Abstract:
The effect of compound microbial pesticide, which was made from CPV and B.t,on controlling Dendrolimus houi and Dendrolimus kikuchii in large areas were observed and analyzed in two counties of Yunnan Province. The results showed that the compound microbial pesticide were very effective on controlling these two Dendrolimus spp., while in the forest the mortality rates of D.houi and D.kikuchii were 86% and 62% respectively.
The effect of compound microbial pesticide, which was made from CPV and B.t,on controlling Dendrolimus houi and Dendrolimus kikuchii in large areas were observed and analyzed in two counties of Yunnan Province. The results showed that the compound microbial pesticide were very effective on controlling these two Dendrolimus spp., while in the forest the mortality rates of D.houi and D.kikuchii were 86% and 62% respectively.
2004, 17(4): 464-471.
Abstract:
In this paper, general research situations about plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and associated nitrogen fixation in bamboo rhizosphere were summarized;the manufacture,applying and effect of bamboo bio-fertilizers were reported.It showed that by azoterbacteria and PGPR from bamboo rhizosphere,two kinds of agents of bamboo bio-fertilizers were manufactured, one was liquid agent and another was bio-organic one. A lot of experiments showed that applying bamboo bio-fertilizers could promote growth of bamboo, enhance the survival rate of younglings, increase yield of shoots and improve soil remarkably.Set of applying methods of bamboo bio-fertilizers special for bamboo shoot forests were established.Especially,in the course of bamboo bio-organic fertilizer study,a new technology was established utilizing plant wastes to manufacture organic fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer and organic potash fertilizer. This technology could accelerate decomposition of plant wastes. The fertilizer made by this technology not only had with very good fertility, but also could improve soil and protect environment.
In this paper, general research situations about plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and associated nitrogen fixation in bamboo rhizosphere were summarized;the manufacture,applying and effect of bamboo bio-fertilizers were reported.It showed that by azoterbacteria and PGPR from bamboo rhizosphere,two kinds of agents of bamboo bio-fertilizers were manufactured, one was liquid agent and another was bio-organic one. A lot of experiments showed that applying bamboo bio-fertilizers could promote growth of bamboo, enhance the survival rate of younglings, increase yield of shoots and improve soil remarkably.Set of applying methods of bamboo bio-fertilizers special for bamboo shoot forests were established.Especially,in the course of bamboo bio-organic fertilizer study,a new technology was established utilizing plant wastes to manufacture organic fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer and organic potash fertilizer. This technology could accelerate decomposition of plant wastes. The fertilizer made by this technology not only had with very good fertility, but also could improve soil and protect environment.
2004, 17(4): 472-478.
Abstract:
At the cultivated Cistanche deserticola base of Forest Tree Breed Station in Jumushaer in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, the host plant H.ammodendron ,planted artificially Cistanche deserticola successfully and collected the seeds of Cistanche deserticola (called treatment A) and the host plant H.ammodendron,planted artificially Cistanche deserticola unsuccessfully(called CK) were investigated.Their height,base diameter, crown size,root and biomass were measured and contrasted.Besides,the new branches growth of treatment A,CK and the host plant H. ammodendron,planted artificially Cistanche deserticola successfully,but it growing in the soils (treatment B) was mensurated termly.The results showed most height,base diameter and crown size of treatment A was smaller than that of the CK.There were more differences in height,base diameter and crown size among the individuals. Compared with the CK,The total biomass of treatment A reduced by 49.29 %, the new branches biomass decreased by 22.6%,the two-year and excess two-year branches biomass decreased by 9.6%,the trunk biomass decreased by 2.2%,the root biomass decreased by 15.6%. But the deadwood biomass of treatment A was double or more than the deadwood biomass of CK. Therefore,it could be inferred that treatment A had been falling into a declining. After H.ammodendron was planted artificially Cistanche deserticola successfully, its fine-root percent increased slightly.The possible cause was the fact that H.ammodendron adopted an ecological strategy for maintaining oneself and supplying nutrition for Cistanche deserticola.But these new branches growth of host H.ammodendron were restrained greatly.
At the cultivated Cistanche deserticola base of Forest Tree Breed Station in Jumushaer in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, the host plant H.ammodendron ,planted artificially Cistanche deserticola successfully and collected the seeds of Cistanche deserticola (called treatment A) and the host plant H.ammodendron,planted artificially Cistanche deserticola unsuccessfully(called CK) were investigated.Their height,base diameter, crown size,root and biomass were measured and contrasted.Besides,the new branches growth of treatment A,CK and the host plant H. ammodendron,planted artificially Cistanche deserticola successfully,but it growing in the soils (treatment B) was mensurated termly.The results showed most height,base diameter and crown size of treatment A was smaller than that of the CK.There were more differences in height,base diameter and crown size among the individuals. Compared with the CK,The total biomass of treatment A reduced by 49.29 %, the new branches biomass decreased by 22.6%,the two-year and excess two-year branches biomass decreased by 9.6%,the trunk biomass decreased by 2.2%,the root biomass decreased by 15.6%. But the deadwood biomass of treatment A was double or more than the deadwood biomass of CK. Therefore,it could be inferred that treatment A had been falling into a declining. After H.ammodendron was planted artificially Cistanche deserticola successfully, its fine-root percent increased slightly.The possible cause was the fact that H.ammodendron adopted an ecological strategy for maintaining oneself and supplying nutrition for Cistanche deserticola.But these new branches growth of host H.ammodendron were restrained greatly.
2004, 17(4): 479-483.
Abstract:
The root nutrients and growth of tree peony were studied after rejuvenation. Changes were taken place in the content of peony root whether it had flowered or not. The contents of starch, N, P, K and Mg were reduced while the contents of Ca and dissociated S increased. New roots were mainly distributed in 10～30 cm soil and the quantity of new roots was more in autumn than in summer. In the first year of rejuvenation, the curve of diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in peony leaves demonstrated a single peak appearing at noon in spring (May) and demonstrated two peaks in summer (July).
The root nutrients and growth of tree peony were studied after rejuvenation. Changes were taken place in the content of peony root whether it had flowered or not. The contents of starch, N, P, K and Mg were reduced while the contents of Ca and dissociated S increased. New roots were mainly distributed in 10～30 cm soil and the quantity of new roots was more in autumn than in summer. In the first year of rejuvenation, the curve of diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in peony leaves demonstrated a single peak appearing at noon in spring (May) and demonstrated two peaks in summer (July).
2004, 17(4): 484-489.
Abstract:
The growth of the cochineal insect (Dactylopius confusus) in hot-dry valley, southern subtropical zone and mid subtropical zone was studied by using life tables and sample testing. The results showed that the cochineal insects growing in the southern subtropical zone were bigger, the eggs and weight of female adults were also intermediate among the three zones, and the population trend index was the biggest.The mid subtropical zone was also a good place for culturing the cochineal,though the insect culturing in this zone was the biggest and heaviest among the three zones, the life cycle was more longer and there were less generations per year. The cochineal could grow in hot-dry tropical zone, but the female adult was very small and light, so the tropical zone was not the ideal place for culturing the cochineal.In every climate zone,the key factors that affected the number of the cochineal population were eggs unhatched and strong rain during the 1st and 2nd instar. Mass natural enemies were not found in all experimental places.
The growth of the cochineal insect (Dactylopius confusus) in hot-dry valley, southern subtropical zone and mid subtropical zone was studied by using life tables and sample testing. The results showed that the cochineal insects growing in the southern subtropical zone were bigger, the eggs and weight of female adults were also intermediate among the three zones, and the population trend index was the biggest.The mid subtropical zone was also a good place for culturing the cochineal,though the insect culturing in this zone was the biggest and heaviest among the three zones, the life cycle was more longer and there were less generations per year. The cochineal could grow in hot-dry tropical zone, but the female adult was very small and light, so the tropical zone was not the ideal place for culturing the cochineal.In every climate zone,the key factors that affected the number of the cochineal population were eggs unhatched and strong rain during the 1st and 2nd instar. Mass natural enemies were not found in all experimental places.
2004, 17(4): 490-494.
Abstract:
The mycota on healthy barks from three species of poplar with different resistant to poplar canker were isolated from March to November,1996 and 123 species belonging to 67 genera were identified.The most common genera on three poplars barks were Aspergillus, Alternaria, Drechslera, Penicillium, Chaetomium, Trichoderma, Coniothyrium, Rhizopus and Mucor.The mycota of three poplars were different in terms of percentage of dominant species.Species composition increased from upper stem to downwards.The diversity and quantity of fungal species on branches increased with the age of the branches; more species and high population were found on the outer bark; the tendency of seasonal dynamic variation of fungal quantity was higher in summer and autumn, lower in spring and winter.Alternaria, Aspergillus, Drechslera and Chaetomium were the dominant genera on Populus tomentosa; Alternaria, Aspergillus, Trichoderma and Penicillium were the dominant genera on Populus deltoides cv.’Lux’×P.cathayana 1062; Alternaria, Aspergillus, Coniothyrium and Penicillium were the dominant genera on Populus×beijingensis.
The mycota on healthy barks from three species of poplar with different resistant to poplar canker were isolated from March to November,1996 and 123 species belonging to 67 genera were identified.The most common genera on three poplars barks were Aspergillus, Alternaria, Drechslera, Penicillium, Chaetomium, Trichoderma, Coniothyrium, Rhizopus and Mucor.The mycota of three poplars were different in terms of percentage of dominant species.Species composition increased from upper stem to downwards.The diversity and quantity of fungal species on branches increased with the age of the branches; more species and high population were found on the outer bark; the tendency of seasonal dynamic variation of fungal quantity was higher in summer and autumn, lower in spring and winter.Alternaria, Aspergillus, Drechslera and Chaetomium were the dominant genera on Populus tomentosa; Alternaria, Aspergillus, Trichoderma and Penicillium were the dominant genera on Populus deltoides cv.’Lux’×P.cathayana 1062; Alternaria, Aspergillus, Coniothyrium and Penicillium were the dominant genera on Populus×beijingensis.
2004, 17(4): 496-499.
Abstract:
The dynamic variation of the contents of flavonoid and cholorogenic acid in the leaf of Acer truncatum were studied. The result showed that the contents of flavonoid reached 5.73% as culmination point in August, while that of cholorogenic acid however reached 5.73% as culmination point in June. The leaf production reached 131 g per tree as culmination in August. It was the best time to harvest the leaf of A.truncatum in July and August.
The dynamic variation of the contents of flavonoid and cholorogenic acid in the leaf of Acer truncatum were studied. The result showed that the contents of flavonoid reached 5.73% as culmination point in August, while that of cholorogenic acid however reached 5.73% as culmination point in June. The leaf production reached 131 g per tree as culmination in August. It was the best time to harvest the leaf of A.truncatum in July and August.
Subvmission Guidelines
Peer Review
Reviewer Online
Office Work
Email alert
RSS